Especificação de Requisitos: Utilizando um Modelo Temporal Orientado a Objetos
Resumo
O paradigma de orientação a objetos apresenta características apropriadas para sua utilização em especificações de requisitos. A representação das características dinâmicas de uma aplicação requer a representação de propriedades temporais, aspecto este não muito explorado nos métodos orientados a objetos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as extensões feitas em um modelo de dados orientado a objetos, o modelo F-ORM [DeAntonellis 91] para permitir a especificação de aspectos temporais. O modelo obtido permite a representação de tempos de transação e de tempos válidos, utilizando para isto pontos no tempo e uma linguagem de lógica temporal. Apresenta, ainda, um conjunto de tipos de dados temporais e operações associadas.
Referências
ADIBA,M.; QUANG, N.B.; de OLIVEIRA, J.P.M. Time concept in generalized data bases. In: ACM ANNUAL CONFERENCE, Denver Oct. 14-16, 1985. Proceedings, New York, ACM, 1985. p.214-23.
ADIBA,M.; BUI QUANG, N.;COLLET,C. Aspect temporels, historiques et dynamiques des based de donnês. TSI - Technique et Science Informatiques. AFCET-Bordas, 6(11):832-43, Nov. 1983.
ALLEN,J.F. Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals. Communications of the ACM. New York, 26(11):832-42, Nov. 1983.
ARAPIS, C. Specifying object interactions. TSICHRITZIS,D. (ed.) Objects Composition. Genebra, Université de Genève, 1991, p.303-22.
BOLOUR.A. & DEKEYSER.L.J. Abstractions in temporal informations. Information Systems, Great Britain. 8(1):41-9. 1983.
CARMO.J. & SERNADAS.A. A Temporal logic framework for a layered approach to systems specification and verification. In: ROLLAND.C.: BODART, F.: LEONARD.M. (eds.) Temporal Aspects in Information Systems. Amsterdam. North-Holland. 1988, p.31-46.
CASTILIO J.M.V.: CASANOVA M.A.: FURTADO, A.L. A Temporal Framework for database specifications. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VERY LARGE DATA BASES. 8., Mexico City, Sept. 1982. Proceedings. Mexico City, 1982. p 280-91.
CLIFFORD.J. & CROKER A. Objects in time. Data Engineering, Washington. 11(4):1-18, Dec. 1988.
CLIFFORD.J. & RAO.A. A Simple general structure for temporal domains. In: ROLLAND.C: BODART,F: LEONARD.M. (eds.) Temporal Aspects in Information Systems. Amsterdam. North-Holland, 1988. p. 17-28.
CORSETTLE. et al. Dealing with different time scales in formal specifications. INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN. 6.. Como, Italy, Oct. 25-6, 1991, Proceedings IEEE Computer Society Press. 1991, p92-101.
DcANTONELLIS.V.: PERNICLB.: SAMARATLP. F-ORM Method: a F-ORM Methodology for reusing specifications. In: ASSCHEF,V.: MOULIN,B. ROLLAND.C. Object Oriented Approach in Information Systems. Amsterdam. North-Holland, 1991, p.117-35.
EDELWEISS,N. Um Ambiente para Desenvolvimento de Protótipos de Bancos de Dados Dedutivos Temporais. SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE BANCOS DE DADOS, 4. Campinas, 5-7 abril 1989, Anais. Campinas, R. Vieira Gráfica e Editora, 1989. p.163-73.
FINGER,M.: McBRIEN,P.: OWENS, R. Databases and executable temporal logic. IN: ESPRIT'91 ANNUAL ESPRIT CONFERENCE. Brussels, Nov. 25-29, 1991. Proceedings Brussels, ECSC, 1991, p.289-302.
GABBAY,D. & McBRIAN,P. Temporal logic & historical databases. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VERY LARGE DATABASES, 17. Barcelona, Sept. 3-6, 1991. Proceedings. Barcelona. Industria Grafica, 1991, p.423-30.
GREENSPAN,S.J.: BORGIDA,A.: MYLOPOULOS,J. A Requirements modeling language and its logic. In: BRODIE,M.L. & MYLOPOULOS,J. (eds.) On Knowledge Base Systems. Springer-Verlag. New York, 1986. p.471-502.
KOWALSKIR. & SERGOT,M. A Logic based calculus of events. New Generation Computing 4, 1986. p.67-95.
LIPECK,U.W. & SAAKE,G. Monitoring dynamic integrity constraints based on temporal logic. Information Systems. GB, 12(3):255-69, 1987.
LOUCOPOULOS,P. et al TEMPORA: Integrating database technology, rule-based system and temporal reasoning for Information Systems development. (To be included in the IEEE Office Knowledge Engineering Newsletters. Feb. 1991).
MAIOCCHI,R.: PERNICI,B. Temporal Data Management Systems: a Comparative View. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 3(3). Dec 91.
MAIOCCHI,R.: PERNICI,B.: BARBIC.F. Automatic deduction of temporal information, University of Udine, Dipartimento de Matematica e Informatica. 1991, 58p. (Research Report). (To be published in ACM Transactions on Database Systems).
MANNA,Z. & PNUELLA, Verification of concurent programs: the temporal framework. In: BOYE MOORE (de.) The Correctness Problem of Computer Science. Academic Press, 1981. p.215-73.
MYLOPOULOS, J.et al. Telos: representing knowledge about Information Systems, ACM Transactions on Information Systems, New York, 8(4): 325-62. Oct, 1990.
PERNICI,B. Objects with Role: CONFERENCE ON OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS. Cambridge, Massachussetts. April 25-27, 1990. Proceedings. SIGOIS Bulletin. 11(2,3):205-15. 1990.
SCHIEL,U. An Abstract introduction to the Temporal-Hierarchic Data Modell (THM). INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VERY LARGE DATA BASES, 9., Florence (Italy). Oct. 31 - Nov. 2, 1983. Proceedings. Italy, VLDB. 1983. p,322-30.
SEGEV.A, & SHOSHANLA. Modeling temporal semantics. In: ROLLAND,C.: BODART,F.: LEONARD,M. (eds.) Temporal Aspects in Information Systems. Amsterdam. North-Holland. 1988, p. 47-57.
SNODGRASS,R. & AHN,I. A Taxonomy of time in databases, In: ACM SIGMOD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF DATA, Texas. May 28-31. 1985. Proceedings. New York. ACM. 1985, p.23-46.
WIEDERHOLD,G.: JAJODIA,S.: LITWIN,W. Dealing with granularity of time in temporal databases, In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CAISE'91. 3,. Trondheim, Norway, May 13-15, 1991, Proceedings. Berlin. Springer-Verlag, 1991. p.124-40.
ADIBA,M.; BUI QUANG, N.;COLLET,C. Aspect temporels, historiques et dynamiques des based de donnês. TSI - Technique et Science Informatiques. AFCET-Bordas, 6(11):832-43, Nov. 1983.
ALLEN,J.F. Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals. Communications of the ACM. New York, 26(11):832-42, Nov. 1983.
ARAPIS, C. Specifying object interactions. TSICHRITZIS,D. (ed.) Objects Composition. Genebra, Université de Genève, 1991, p.303-22.
BOLOUR.A. & DEKEYSER.L.J. Abstractions in temporal informations. Information Systems, Great Britain. 8(1):41-9. 1983.
CARMO.J. & SERNADAS.A. A Temporal logic framework for a layered approach to systems specification and verification. In: ROLLAND.C.: BODART, F.: LEONARD.M. (eds.) Temporal Aspects in Information Systems. Amsterdam. North-Holland. 1988, p.31-46.
CASTILIO J.M.V.: CASANOVA M.A.: FURTADO, A.L. A Temporal Framework for database specifications. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VERY LARGE DATA BASES. 8., Mexico City, Sept. 1982. Proceedings. Mexico City, 1982. p 280-91.
CLIFFORD.J. & CROKER A. Objects in time. Data Engineering, Washington. 11(4):1-18, Dec. 1988.
CLIFFORD.J. & RAO.A. A Simple general structure for temporal domains. In: ROLLAND.C: BODART,F: LEONARD.M. (eds.) Temporal Aspects in Information Systems. Amsterdam. North-Holland, 1988. p. 17-28.
CORSETTLE. et al. Dealing with different time scales in formal specifications. INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN. 6.. Como, Italy, Oct. 25-6, 1991, Proceedings IEEE Computer Society Press. 1991, p92-101.
DcANTONELLIS.V.: PERNICLB.: SAMARATLP. F-ORM Method: a F-ORM Methodology for reusing specifications. In: ASSCHEF,V.: MOULIN,B. ROLLAND.C. Object Oriented Approach in Information Systems. Amsterdam. North-Holland, 1991, p.117-35.
EDELWEISS,N. Um Ambiente para Desenvolvimento de Protótipos de Bancos de Dados Dedutivos Temporais. SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE BANCOS DE DADOS, 4. Campinas, 5-7 abril 1989, Anais. Campinas, R. Vieira Gráfica e Editora, 1989. p.163-73.
FINGER,M.: McBRIEN,P.: OWENS, R. Databases and executable temporal logic. IN: ESPRIT'91 ANNUAL ESPRIT CONFERENCE. Brussels, Nov. 25-29, 1991. Proceedings Brussels, ECSC, 1991, p.289-302.
GABBAY,D. & McBRIAN,P. Temporal logic & historical databases. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VERY LARGE DATABASES, 17. Barcelona, Sept. 3-6, 1991. Proceedings. Barcelona. Industria Grafica, 1991, p.423-30.
GREENSPAN,S.J.: BORGIDA,A.: MYLOPOULOS,J. A Requirements modeling language and its logic. In: BRODIE,M.L. & MYLOPOULOS,J. (eds.) On Knowledge Base Systems. Springer-Verlag. New York, 1986. p.471-502.
KOWALSKIR. & SERGOT,M. A Logic based calculus of events. New Generation Computing 4, 1986. p.67-95.
LIPECK,U.W. & SAAKE,G. Monitoring dynamic integrity constraints based on temporal logic. Information Systems. GB, 12(3):255-69, 1987.
LOUCOPOULOS,P. et al TEMPORA: Integrating database technology, rule-based system and temporal reasoning for Information Systems development. (To be included in the IEEE Office Knowledge Engineering Newsletters. Feb. 1991).
MAIOCCHI,R.: PERNICI,B. Temporal Data Management Systems: a Comparative View. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 3(3). Dec 91.
MAIOCCHI,R.: PERNICI,B.: BARBIC.F. Automatic deduction of temporal information, University of Udine, Dipartimento de Matematica e Informatica. 1991, 58p. (Research Report). (To be published in ACM Transactions on Database Systems).
MANNA,Z. & PNUELLA, Verification of concurent programs: the temporal framework. In: BOYE MOORE (de.) The Correctness Problem of Computer Science. Academic Press, 1981. p.215-73.
MYLOPOULOS, J.et al. Telos: representing knowledge about Information Systems, ACM Transactions on Information Systems, New York, 8(4): 325-62. Oct, 1990.
PERNICI,B. Objects with Role: CONFERENCE ON OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS. Cambridge, Massachussetts. April 25-27, 1990. Proceedings. SIGOIS Bulletin. 11(2,3):205-15. 1990.
SCHIEL,U. An Abstract introduction to the Temporal-Hierarchic Data Modell (THM). INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VERY LARGE DATA BASES, 9., Florence (Italy). Oct. 31 - Nov. 2, 1983. Proceedings. Italy, VLDB. 1983. p,322-30.
SEGEV.A, & SHOSHANLA. Modeling temporal semantics. In: ROLLAND,C.: BODART,F.: LEONARD,M. (eds.) Temporal Aspects in Information Systems. Amsterdam. North-Holland. 1988, p. 47-57.
SNODGRASS,R. & AHN,I. A Taxonomy of time in databases, In: ACM SIGMOD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF DATA, Texas. May 28-31. 1985. Proceedings. New York. ACM. 1985, p.23-46.
WIEDERHOLD,G.: JAJODIA,S.: LITWIN,W. Dealing with granularity of time in temporal databases, In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CAISE'91. 3,. Trondheim, Norway, May 13-15, 1991, Proceedings. Berlin. Springer-Verlag, 1991. p.124-40.
Publicado
04/11/1992
Como Citar
EDELWEISS, Nina; OLIVEIRA, José Palazzo M. de; CASTILHO, José Mauro V. de; PERNICI, Barbara.
Especificação de Requisitos: Utilizando um Modelo Temporal Orientado a Objetos. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE (SBES), 6. , 1992, Gramado/RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
1992
.
p. 213-228.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbes.1992.25185.
