Socio-Technical Smell Dynamics in Code Samples: A Multivocal Review of Their Emergence, Evolution, and Co-Occurrence
Abstract
Context and Motivation: Code samples play an important role in open-source ecosystems (OSSECO), serving as lightweight artifacts that support knowledge transfer, onboarding, and framework adoption. Despite their instructional relevance, these samples are often governed informally, with minimal review and unclear ownership, which increases their exposure to socio-technical degradation. In this context, the co-occurrence and longitudinal interplay of code smells and community smells become particularly relevant. While each type of smell has been studied in isolation, little is known about how community-level dysfunctions anticipate or exacerbate technical anomalies in code samples over time. Objective: This study investigates how code and community smells emerge, cooccur, and evolve within code samples maintained in OSSECOs. Method: A Multivocal Literature Review protocol was applied, encompassing 18 peer-reviewed papers and 17 practitioner-oriented sources (2013–2024). Thematic synthesis was conducted to identify recurring socio-technical patterns. Results: Nine patterns were identified, showing that community smells often precede or reinforce technical degradation in code samples. Symptoms such as "radio silence" and centralized ownership were frequently associated with persistent structural anomalies. Additionally, limited onboarding, the absence of continuous refactoring, and informal collaboration emerged as recurring conditions for smell accumulation. Conclusion: In OSSECOs, particularly within code samples, community-level dysfunctions not only correlate with but often signal maintainability decay. These findings underscore the need for socio-technical quality indicators and lightweight governance mechanisms tailored to shared instructional artifacts.
Keywords:
Code Smells, Community Smells, Code Samples, Software Quality, Software Evolution, Developer Communities
References
2013. Detecting Bad Smells in Source Code using Change History Information. [link]
2019. Framework Code Samples: How Are They Maintained and Used by Developers?
2019. Research on Software Project Developer Behaviors. [link]
2020. MLCQ: Industry-relevant code smell data set. [link]
2022. Assessing the Impact of Code Samples Evolution on Developers’ Questions.
2022. Evolving collaboration, dependencies, and use in the Open Source Software ecosystem. [link]
2023. Code Smells and Anti-Patterns: Signs You Need to Improve Code Quality. [link]
2023. Is Code Smell/Code Quality software really useful? [link] Reddit thread.
2023. The Pandora’s box of social, process, and people debts in software engineering. [link]
2023. Understanding Code Smell Detection in Software Development. [link]
2024. CodeScene – Top Ten Important Things You Need To Know. [link]
2024. A Novel, Tool-Supported Catalog of Community Smell Symptoms. [link]
Nuri Almarimi, Ali Ouni, Moataz Chouchen, and Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer. 2023. csDetector: An Open Source Tool for Community Smells Detection. ETS Montreal, University of Quebec.
Nuri Almarimi, Ali Ouni, and Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer. 2020. Learning to detect community smells in open source software projects. Knowledge-Based Systems 205 (2020), 106201.
Nuri Almarimi, Ali Ouni, and Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer. 2020. Learning to detect community smells in open source software projects. Knowledge-Based Systems 204 (2020), 106201.
Nuri Salem Almarimi, Ali Ouni, Moataz Chouchen, and Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer. 2022. Improving the detection of community smells through socio-technical and sentiment analysis. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process 34, 9 (2022), e2505.
Giusy Annunziata, Carmine Ferrara, Stefano Lambiase, Fabio Palomba, Gemma Catolino, Filomena Ferrucci, and Andrea De Lucia. 2023. An Empirical Study on the Relation between Programming Languages and the Emergence of Community Smells. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). Salerno, Italy.
Antigoni. 2023. Community smells like bacon. [link]
Ahmed Baabad, Hazura Zulzalil, Sa’adah Hassan, and Salmi Baharom. 2020. Software Architecture Degradation in Open Source Software: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 174109–174129.
Victor R. Basili. 1994. GQM approach has evolved to include models. IEEE Software 11, 1 (1994), 8–8.
Isela Macia Bertran. 2011. Detecting architecturally-relevant code smells in evolving software systems. In Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, 1090–1093.
H-M Chen, R. Kazman, G. Catolino, M. Manca, D. Tamburri, and W-J van de Heuvel. 2024. An Empirical Study of Social Debt in Open-Source Projects: Social Drivers and the “Known Devil” Community Smell. In Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). University of Hawaii and TU Eindhoven, 7239–7248.
Eleni Constantinou and Tom Mens. 2017. Socio-technical evolution of the Ruby ecosystem in GitHub. In 2017 IEEE 24th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). 34–44.
Matheus Albuquerque de Melo. 2023. A Multi-Faceted Analysis of How Organizations Create and Maintain Code Samples. Master’s thesis. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
Beyza Eken, Francis Palma, Başar Ayşe, and Tosun Ayşe. 2021. An empirical study on the effect of community smells on bug prediction. Software Quality Journal 29, 1 (2021), 159–194.
Francesca Arcelli Fontana, Vincenzo Ferme, Alessandro Marino, Bartosz Walter, and Pawel Martenka. 2013. Investigating the Impact of Code Smells on System’s Quality: An Empirical Study on Systems of Different Application Domains. , 260–269 pages.
Awdren Fontão, Sergio Cleger-Tamayo, Igor Wiese, Rodrigo Pereira dos Santos, and Arilo Claudio Dias-Neto. 2023. A Developer Relations (DevRel) model to govern developers in Software Ecosystems. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process 35, 5 (2023), e2389.
Awdren Fontão, Pedro Paes, Oswald Ekwoge, Rodrigo Pereira Dos Santos, and Arilo Claudio Dias-Neto. 2020. Evaluating Processes to Certify Mobile Applications During Developer Relations Activities. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 137462–137476. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3009921
Martin Fowler and Kent Beck. 2018. Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code. Addison-Wesley Professional, Boston. 45–65 pages.
Oscar Franco-Bedoya, David Ameller, Dolors Costal, and Xavier Franch. 2017. Open source software ecosystems: A Systematic mapping. Information and Software Technology 91 (2017), 160–185.
Vahid Garousi, Michael Felderer, and Mika V. Mäntylä. 2019. Guidelines for including grey literature and conducting multivocal literature reviews in software engineering. Information and Software Technology 106 (2019), 101–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.infsof.2018.09.006
Zijie Huang, Huiqun Yu, Guisheng Fan, Zhiqing Shao, Ziyi Zhou, and Mingchen Li. 2024. On the effectiveness of developer features in code smell prioritization: A replication study. J. Syst. Softw. 210, C (2024), 16 pages.
Zijie Huang, Huiqun Yu, Guisheng Fan, Zhiqing Shao, Ziyi Zhou, and Mingchen Li. 2024. On the effectiveness of developer features in code smell prioritization: A replication study. Journal of Systems and Software 210 (2024), 111968.
Stefano Lambiase. 2024. Cultural and Socio-Technical Aspects in Software Development. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE 2024). ACM, 1–6.
Stefano Lambiase. 2024. Investigating Cultural Dispersion: on the Role of Cultural Differences in Software Development Teams. In Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion ’24). Association for Computing Machinery, 187–191.
Riasat Mahbub, Mohammad Masudur Rahman, and Muhammad Ahsanul Habib. 2024. On the Prevalence, Evolution, and Impact of Code Smells in Simulation Modelling Software.
Konstantinos Manikas. 2016. Revisiting software ecosystems Research: A longitudinal literature study. Journal of Systems and Software 117 (2016), 84–103. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.003
Gabriel Menezes, Willian Braga, Awdren Fontão, Andre Hora, and Bruno Cafeo. 2022. Assessing the Impact of Code Samples Evolution on Developers’ Questions. In Proceedings of the XXXVI Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, 321–330.
Gabriel Menezes, Bruno Cafeo, and Andre Hora. 2019. Framework Code Samples: How Are They Maintained and Used by Developers?. In 2019 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM). 1–11. DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2019.8870139
Gabriel Menezes, Bruno Cafeo, and Andre Hora. 2022. How are framework code samples maintained and used by developers? The case of Android and Spring Boot. Journal of Systems and Software 185 (2022), 111146. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.111146
Karolina Milano and Bruno Cafeo. 2024. Navigating Expertise in Configurable Software Systems through the Maze of Variability. In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). 450–454.
Behnaz Moradi-Jamei, Brandon L. Kramer, J. Bayoa´ n Santiago Caldero´ n, and Gizem Korkmaz. 2021. Community Formation and Detection on GitHub Collaboration Networks. In Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). 244–252.
Haris Mumtaz, Paramvir Singh, and Kelly Blincoe. 2022. Analyzing the Relationship between Community and Design Smells in Open-Source Software Projects: An Empirical Study. In ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM). Helsinki, Finland, 11.
Haris Mumtaz, Paramvir Singh, and Kelly Blincoe. 2022. Analyzing the Relationship between Community and Design Smells in Open-Source Software Projects: An Empirical Study. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, 23–33.
Biruk Asmare Muse, Mohammad Masudur Rahman, Csaba Nagy, Anthony Cleve, Foutse Khomh, and Giuliano Antoniol. 2020. On the Prevalence, Impact, and Evolution of SQL Code Smells in Data-Intensive Systems. In 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, 327–338.
Seyed Mehdi Nasehi, Jonathan Sillito, Frank Maurer, and Chris Burns. 2012. What Makes a Good Code Example? A Study of Programming Q&A in StackOverflow. In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM). 25–34.
F. Palomba. 2022. When and Why Your Code Starts to Smell Bad. [link]
Fabio Palomba, Damian Andrew Tamburri, Francesca Arcelli Fontana, Rocco Oliveto, Andy Zaidman, and Alexander Serebrenik. 2021. Beyond Technical Aspects: How Do Community Smells Influence the Intensity of Code Smells? . IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 47, 01 (2021), 108–129.
Fabio Palomba, Damian A. Tamburri, Francesca Arcelli Fontana, Rocco Oliveto, Andy Zaidman, and Alexander Serebrenik. 2021. Beyond Technical Aspects: How Do Community Smells Influence the Intensity of Code Smells? IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 47, 1 (2021), 108–129.
Fabio Palomba, Damian A. Tamburri, Alexander Serebrenik, Andy Zaidman, Francesca Arcelli Fontana, and Rocco Oliveto. 2018. How do community smells influence code smells?. In Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceeedings. 240–241.
Fabio Palomba, Damian A. Tamburri, Alexander Serebrenik, Andy Zaidman, Francesca Arcelli Fontana, and Rocco Oliveto. 2018. How do community smells influence code smells?. In 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceeedings (ICSE ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, 240–241.
Juliana Pereira. 2023. How to track software quality metrics? [link]
Antonio Della Porta, Stefano Lambiase, Gemma Catolino, Filomena Ferrucci, and Fabio Palomba. 2024. A Novel, Tool-Supported Catalog of Community Smell Symptoms. (Sept. 2024).
Better Programming. 2023. Dealing With Code Smells and Metrics in Complex Software. [link]
Joabe Ramone. 2023. Code Smells, não deixa para depois. [link]
Anshul Rani and Jitender Kumar Chhabra. 2017. Evolution of code smells over multiple versions of softwares: An empirical investigation. In 2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). 1093–1098.
Jaswinder Singh, Anu Gupta, and Preet Kanwal. 2023. The vital role of community in open source software development: A framework for assessment and ranking. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process 36 (12 2023).
Jacopo Soldani, Damian A. Tamburri, Alexander Chatzigeorgiou, and Paris Avgeriou. 2021. On the use of grey literature to improve software architecture knowledge. Empirical Software Engineering 26, 4 (2021), 1–34.
Manuel De Stefano, Emanuele Iannone, Fabiano Pecorelli, and Damian Andrew Tamburri. 2021. Impacts of Software Community Patterns on Process and Product: An Empirical Study. In Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 244–252.
Swaminathan Subramanian, Reid Holmes, and Robert J. Walker. 2014. Featurespecific Usage Scenarios for API Learning. In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering. ACM, 992–1001.
Damian Andrew Tamburri, Fabio Palomba, and Rick Kazman. 2021. Exploring Community Smells in Open-Source: An Automated Approach. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (2021).
Damian A. Tamburri, Fabio Palomba, and Rick Kazman. 2021. Exploring Community Smells in Open-Source: An Automated Approach. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 47, 3 (2021), 630–652.
Damian A. Tamburri, Fabio Palomba, and Rick Kazman. 2021. Exploring Community Smells in Open-Source: An Automated Approach. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 47, 3 (2021), 630–652.
Stuti Tandon, Vijay Kumar, and V. B. Singh. 2024. Study of Code Smells: A Review and Research Agenda. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering & Management Sciences 9, 3 (2024), 472.
Erdem Tuna, Carolyn Seaman, and Eray Tüzün. 2024. Do code reviews lead to fewer code smells? Journal of Systems and Software 215 (2024), 112101.
u/ExperiencedDevs. 2023. Code smell in feature factories. [link].
u/stealthmusic. 2023. Enterprise Software Development. [link]
LiangWang, Ying Li, Jierui Zhang, and Xianping Tao. 2022. Quantitative Analysis of Community Evolution in Developer Social Networks Around Open Source Software Projects.
LiangWang, Ying Li, Jierui Zhang, and Xianping Tao. 2022. Quantitative Analysis of Community Evolution in Developer Social Networks Around Open Source Software Projects. [link]
Edvaldo R. Wassouf, Débora Paiva, Kiev Gama, and Awdren Fontão. 2025. The Developer Experience of LGBTQIA+ People in Agile Teams: A Multivocal Literature Review. In 2025 IEEE/ACM 18th International Conference on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE). 15–26.
Aiko Yamashita and Leon Moonen. 2013. Do Developers Care about Code Smells? An Exploratory Survey.
2019. Framework Code Samples: How Are They Maintained and Used by Developers?
2019. Research on Software Project Developer Behaviors. [link]
2020. MLCQ: Industry-relevant code smell data set. [link]
2022. Assessing the Impact of Code Samples Evolution on Developers’ Questions.
2022. Evolving collaboration, dependencies, and use in the Open Source Software ecosystem. [link]
2023. Code Smells and Anti-Patterns: Signs You Need to Improve Code Quality. [link]
2023. Is Code Smell/Code Quality software really useful? [link] Reddit thread.
2023. The Pandora’s box of social, process, and people debts in software engineering. [link]
2023. Understanding Code Smell Detection in Software Development. [link]
2024. CodeScene – Top Ten Important Things You Need To Know. [link]
2024. A Novel, Tool-Supported Catalog of Community Smell Symptoms. [link]
Nuri Almarimi, Ali Ouni, Moataz Chouchen, and Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer. 2023. csDetector: An Open Source Tool for Community Smells Detection. ETS Montreal, University of Quebec.
Nuri Almarimi, Ali Ouni, and Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer. 2020. Learning to detect community smells in open source software projects. Knowledge-Based Systems 205 (2020), 106201.
Nuri Almarimi, Ali Ouni, and Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer. 2020. Learning to detect community smells in open source software projects. Knowledge-Based Systems 204 (2020), 106201.
Nuri Salem Almarimi, Ali Ouni, Moataz Chouchen, and Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer. 2022. Improving the detection of community smells through socio-technical and sentiment analysis. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process 34, 9 (2022), e2505.
Giusy Annunziata, Carmine Ferrara, Stefano Lambiase, Fabio Palomba, Gemma Catolino, Filomena Ferrucci, and Andrea De Lucia. 2023. An Empirical Study on the Relation between Programming Languages and the Emergence of Community Smells. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). Salerno, Italy.
Antigoni. 2023. Community smells like bacon. [link]
Ahmed Baabad, Hazura Zulzalil, Sa’adah Hassan, and Salmi Baharom. 2020. Software Architecture Degradation in Open Source Software: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 174109–174129.
Victor R. Basili. 1994. GQM approach has evolved to include models. IEEE Software 11, 1 (1994), 8–8.
Isela Macia Bertran. 2011. Detecting architecturally-relevant code smells in evolving software systems. In Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, 1090–1093.
H-M Chen, R. Kazman, G. Catolino, M. Manca, D. Tamburri, and W-J van de Heuvel. 2024. An Empirical Study of Social Debt in Open-Source Projects: Social Drivers and the “Known Devil” Community Smell. In Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). University of Hawaii and TU Eindhoven, 7239–7248.
Eleni Constantinou and Tom Mens. 2017. Socio-technical evolution of the Ruby ecosystem in GitHub. In 2017 IEEE 24th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). 34–44.
Matheus Albuquerque de Melo. 2023. A Multi-Faceted Analysis of How Organizations Create and Maintain Code Samples. Master’s thesis. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
Beyza Eken, Francis Palma, Başar Ayşe, and Tosun Ayşe. 2021. An empirical study on the effect of community smells on bug prediction. Software Quality Journal 29, 1 (2021), 159–194.
Francesca Arcelli Fontana, Vincenzo Ferme, Alessandro Marino, Bartosz Walter, and Pawel Martenka. 2013. Investigating the Impact of Code Smells on System’s Quality: An Empirical Study on Systems of Different Application Domains. , 260–269 pages.
Awdren Fontão, Sergio Cleger-Tamayo, Igor Wiese, Rodrigo Pereira dos Santos, and Arilo Claudio Dias-Neto. 2023. A Developer Relations (DevRel) model to govern developers in Software Ecosystems. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process 35, 5 (2023), e2389.
Awdren Fontão, Pedro Paes, Oswald Ekwoge, Rodrigo Pereira Dos Santos, and Arilo Claudio Dias-Neto. 2020. Evaluating Processes to Certify Mobile Applications During Developer Relations Activities. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 137462–137476. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3009921
Martin Fowler and Kent Beck. 2018. Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code. Addison-Wesley Professional, Boston. 45–65 pages.
Oscar Franco-Bedoya, David Ameller, Dolors Costal, and Xavier Franch. 2017. Open source software ecosystems: A Systematic mapping. Information and Software Technology 91 (2017), 160–185.
Vahid Garousi, Michael Felderer, and Mika V. Mäntylä. 2019. Guidelines for including grey literature and conducting multivocal literature reviews in software engineering. Information and Software Technology 106 (2019), 101–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.infsof.2018.09.006
Zijie Huang, Huiqun Yu, Guisheng Fan, Zhiqing Shao, Ziyi Zhou, and Mingchen Li. 2024. On the effectiveness of developer features in code smell prioritization: A replication study. J. Syst. Softw. 210, C (2024), 16 pages.
Zijie Huang, Huiqun Yu, Guisheng Fan, Zhiqing Shao, Ziyi Zhou, and Mingchen Li. 2024. On the effectiveness of developer features in code smell prioritization: A replication study. Journal of Systems and Software 210 (2024), 111968.
Stefano Lambiase. 2024. Cultural and Socio-Technical Aspects in Software Development. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE 2024). ACM, 1–6.
Stefano Lambiase. 2024. Investigating Cultural Dispersion: on the Role of Cultural Differences in Software Development Teams. In Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion ’24). Association for Computing Machinery, 187–191.
Riasat Mahbub, Mohammad Masudur Rahman, and Muhammad Ahsanul Habib. 2024. On the Prevalence, Evolution, and Impact of Code Smells in Simulation Modelling Software.
Konstantinos Manikas. 2016. Revisiting software ecosystems Research: A longitudinal literature study. Journal of Systems and Software 117 (2016), 84–103. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.003
Gabriel Menezes, Willian Braga, Awdren Fontão, Andre Hora, and Bruno Cafeo. 2022. Assessing the Impact of Code Samples Evolution on Developers’ Questions. In Proceedings of the XXXVI Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, 321–330.
Gabriel Menezes, Bruno Cafeo, and Andre Hora. 2019. Framework Code Samples: How Are They Maintained and Used by Developers?. In 2019 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM). 1–11. DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2019.8870139
Gabriel Menezes, Bruno Cafeo, and Andre Hora. 2022. How are framework code samples maintained and used by developers? The case of Android and Spring Boot. Journal of Systems and Software 185 (2022), 111146. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.111146
Karolina Milano and Bruno Cafeo. 2024. Navigating Expertise in Configurable Software Systems through the Maze of Variability. In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). 450–454.
Behnaz Moradi-Jamei, Brandon L. Kramer, J. Bayoa´ n Santiago Caldero´ n, and Gizem Korkmaz. 2021. Community Formation and Detection on GitHub Collaboration Networks. In Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). 244–252.
Haris Mumtaz, Paramvir Singh, and Kelly Blincoe. 2022. Analyzing the Relationship between Community and Design Smells in Open-Source Software Projects: An Empirical Study. In ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM). Helsinki, Finland, 11.
Haris Mumtaz, Paramvir Singh, and Kelly Blincoe. 2022. Analyzing the Relationship between Community and Design Smells in Open-Source Software Projects: An Empirical Study. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, 23–33.
Biruk Asmare Muse, Mohammad Masudur Rahman, Csaba Nagy, Anthony Cleve, Foutse Khomh, and Giuliano Antoniol. 2020. On the Prevalence, Impact, and Evolution of SQL Code Smells in Data-Intensive Systems. In 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, 327–338.
Seyed Mehdi Nasehi, Jonathan Sillito, Frank Maurer, and Chris Burns. 2012. What Makes a Good Code Example? A Study of Programming Q&A in StackOverflow. In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM). 25–34.
F. Palomba. 2022. When and Why Your Code Starts to Smell Bad. [link]
Fabio Palomba, Damian Andrew Tamburri, Francesca Arcelli Fontana, Rocco Oliveto, Andy Zaidman, and Alexander Serebrenik. 2021. Beyond Technical Aspects: How Do Community Smells Influence the Intensity of Code Smells? . IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 47, 01 (2021), 108–129.
Fabio Palomba, Damian A. Tamburri, Francesca Arcelli Fontana, Rocco Oliveto, Andy Zaidman, and Alexander Serebrenik. 2021. Beyond Technical Aspects: How Do Community Smells Influence the Intensity of Code Smells? IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 47, 1 (2021), 108–129.
Fabio Palomba, Damian A. Tamburri, Alexander Serebrenik, Andy Zaidman, Francesca Arcelli Fontana, and Rocco Oliveto. 2018. How do community smells influence code smells?. In Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceeedings. 240–241.
Fabio Palomba, Damian A. Tamburri, Alexander Serebrenik, Andy Zaidman, Francesca Arcelli Fontana, and Rocco Oliveto. 2018. How do community smells influence code smells?. In 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceeedings (ICSE ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, 240–241.
Juliana Pereira. 2023. How to track software quality metrics? [link]
Antonio Della Porta, Stefano Lambiase, Gemma Catolino, Filomena Ferrucci, and Fabio Palomba. 2024. A Novel, Tool-Supported Catalog of Community Smell Symptoms. (Sept. 2024).
Better Programming. 2023. Dealing With Code Smells and Metrics in Complex Software. [link]
Joabe Ramone. 2023. Code Smells, não deixa para depois. [link]
Anshul Rani and Jitender Kumar Chhabra. 2017. Evolution of code smells over multiple versions of softwares: An empirical investigation. In 2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). 1093–1098.
Jaswinder Singh, Anu Gupta, and Preet Kanwal. 2023. The vital role of community in open source software development: A framework for assessment and ranking. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process 36 (12 2023).
Jacopo Soldani, Damian A. Tamburri, Alexander Chatzigeorgiou, and Paris Avgeriou. 2021. On the use of grey literature to improve software architecture knowledge. Empirical Software Engineering 26, 4 (2021), 1–34.
Manuel De Stefano, Emanuele Iannone, Fabiano Pecorelli, and Damian Andrew Tamburri. 2021. Impacts of Software Community Patterns on Process and Product: An Empirical Study. In Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 244–252.
Swaminathan Subramanian, Reid Holmes, and Robert J. Walker. 2014. Featurespecific Usage Scenarios for API Learning. In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering. ACM, 992–1001.
Damian Andrew Tamburri, Fabio Palomba, and Rick Kazman. 2021. Exploring Community Smells in Open-Source: An Automated Approach. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (2021).
Damian A. Tamburri, Fabio Palomba, and Rick Kazman. 2021. Exploring Community Smells in Open-Source: An Automated Approach. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 47, 3 (2021), 630–652.
Damian A. Tamburri, Fabio Palomba, and Rick Kazman. 2021. Exploring Community Smells in Open-Source: An Automated Approach. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 47, 3 (2021), 630–652.
Stuti Tandon, Vijay Kumar, and V. B. Singh. 2024. Study of Code Smells: A Review and Research Agenda. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering & Management Sciences 9, 3 (2024), 472.
Erdem Tuna, Carolyn Seaman, and Eray Tüzün. 2024. Do code reviews lead to fewer code smells? Journal of Systems and Software 215 (2024), 112101.
u/ExperiencedDevs. 2023. Code smell in feature factories. [link].
u/stealthmusic. 2023. Enterprise Software Development. [link]
LiangWang, Ying Li, Jierui Zhang, and Xianping Tao. 2022. Quantitative Analysis of Community Evolution in Developer Social Networks Around Open Source Software Projects.
LiangWang, Ying Li, Jierui Zhang, and Xianping Tao. 2022. Quantitative Analysis of Community Evolution in Developer Social Networks Around Open Source Software Projects. [link]
Edvaldo R. Wassouf, Débora Paiva, Kiev Gama, and Awdren Fontão. 2025. The Developer Experience of LGBTQIA+ People in Agile Teams: A Multivocal Literature Review. In 2025 IEEE/ACM 18th International Conference on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE). 15–26.
Aiko Yamashita and Leon Moonen. 2013. Do Developers Care about Code Smells? An Exploratory Survey.
Published
2025-09-22
How to Cite
BUENO, Arthur; CAFEO, Bruno B. P.; CAGNIN, Maria Istela; FONTÃO, Awdren.
Socio-Technical Smell Dynamics in Code Samples: A Multivocal Review of Their Emergence, Evolution, and Co-Occurrence. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (SBES), 39. , 2025, Recife/PE.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 48-59.
ISSN 2833-0633.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbes.2025.9647.
