Desenvolvimento de Jogos Orientado a Modelo para Jogos Sérios: uma Revisão Sistemática
Resumo
O desenvolvimento de jogos orientado a modelo (MDGD) se mostra uma alternativa promissora para a criação de jogos sérios por não especialistas em programação, como professores e designers, ao reduzir as barreiras técnicas de programação existentes para a introdução do conteúdo pedagógico. Este trabalho analisa e compara o uso do MDGD no processo de desenvolvimento de jogos sérios, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Como resultados, foram analisados 11 trabalhos, em que se destaca o uso de motores de jogos para a integração do código e geração do jogo final e adoção de estruturas de dados para modelagem de elementos e suas relações. Entretanto, ainda é necessário expandir as capacidades das linguagens específicas de domínio (DSL) nos aspectos pedagógicos e para que possuam maior controle sobre conquistas e individualização da experiência do jogador. Além disso, foi evidenciada uma incongruência com a participação do especialista entre o uso e desenvolvimento, dado que o último caso é negligenciado. Como trabalhos futuros, pondera-se a necessidade de uma visão unificada de elementos comuns dentro do processo e da combinação de gêneros distintos de jogabilidade.
Palavras-chave:
Jogos Sérios, Desenvolvimento de Jogos Orientado a Modelo, Linguagem Específica de Domínio
Referências
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T. Classe, R. M. Araujo, and G. B. Xexeo, “Process model game design: Uma ferramenta para apoio a sistematização de design de jogos digitais baseados em processos de negócio,” in XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital (SBGames 2018), 2018, pp. 233–242.
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A. De Gloria, F. Bellotti, and R. Berta, “Serious games for education and training,” International Journal of Serious Games, vol. 1, no. 1, 2014.
P. Wouters, E. D. Van der Spek, and H. Van Oostendorp, “Current practices in serious game research: A review from a learning outcomes perspective,” Games-based learning advancements for multi-sensory human computer interfaces: techniques and effective practices, pp. 232–250, 2009.
J. Fox, L. Pittaway, and I. Uzuegbunam, “Simulations in entrepreneurship education: Serious games and learning through play,” Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 61–89, 2018.
V. Wattanasoontorn, I. Boada, R. García, and M. Sbert, “Serious games for health,” Entertainment Computing, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 231–247, 2013.
A. Azadegan, J. C. Riedel, and J. B. Hauge, “Serious games adoption in corporate training,” in International conference on serious games development and applications. Springer, 2012, pp. 74–85.
M. Z. J. Carlos and G. Awad-Aubad, “Requirements game: teaching software project management,” CLEI Electronic Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 3–14, 2007.
C. Harteveld, R. Guimaraes, I. Mayer, and R. Bidarra, “Balancing pedagogy, game and reality components within a unique serious game for training levee inspection,” in International conference on technologies for e-learning and digital entertainment. Springer, 2007, pp. 128–139.
P. Rooney, “A theoretical framework for serious game design: exploring pedagogy, play and fidelity and their implications for the design process,” International Journal of Game-Based Learning (IJGBL), vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 41–60, 2012.
F. Mehm, “Authoring serious games,” in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, 2010, pp. 271–273.
A. Yessad, J.-M. Labat, and F. Kermorvant, “Segae: A serious game authoring environment,” in 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies. IEEE, 2010, pp. 538–540.
D. Charsky, “From edutainment to serious games: A change in the use of game characteristics,” Games and culture, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 177–198, 2010.
S. Theodosiou and I. Karasavvidis, “Serious games design: A mapping of the problems novice game designers experience in designing games,” Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, vol. 11, no. 3, 2015.
A. Slootmaker, H. Hummel, and R. Koper, “Evaluating the usability of authoring environments for serious games,” Simulation & gaming, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 553–578, 2017.
T. Murray, “Design tradeoffs in usability and power for advanced educational software authoring tools,” Educational Technology, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 10–16, 2004.
S. Arnab, T. Lim, M. B. Carvalho, F. Bellotti, S. De Freitas, S. Louchart, N. Suttie, R. Berta, and A. De Gloria, “Mapping learning and game mechanics for serious games analysis,” British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 391–411, 2015.
M. Zhu and A. I. Wang, “Model-driven game development: A literature review,” ACM Comput. Surv., vol. 52, no. 6, Nov. 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3365000
S. Tang, M. Hanneghan, and C. Carter, “A platform independent game technology model for model driven serious games development,” Electronic Journal of e-Learning, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 61–79, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/184/
S. Tang and M. Hanneghan, “State of the art model driven game development: A survey of technological solutions for game-based learning,” Journal of Interactive Learning Research, vol. 22, pp. 551–605, 01 2011.
M. Voelter, S. Benz, C. Dietrich, B. Engelmann, M. Helander, L. C. Kats, E. Visser, G. Wachsmuth et al., DSL engineering: Designing, implementing and using domain-specific languages. dslbook. org, 2013.
S. Van Hoecke, K. Samyn, G. Deglorie, O. Janssens, P. Lambert, and R. Van de Walle, “Enabling control of 3d visuals, scenarios and non-linear gameplay in serious game development through model-driven authoring,” in Serious Games, Interaction, and Simulation, C. Vaz de Carvalho, P. Escudeiro, and A. Coelho, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 103–110.
J. Dormans, “Level design as model transformation: a strategy for automated content generation,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Procedural Content Generation in Games, 2011, pp. 1–8.
S. Tang and M. Hanneghan, “Game content model: an ontology for documenting serious game design,” in 2011 Developments in E-systems Engineering. IEEE, 2011, pp. 431–436.
R. van Rozen, “Languages of games and play: A systematic mapping study,” ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1–37, 2020.
L. Bennis and S. Benhlima, “Comparative study of the process model of serious game design through the generic model dice,” in 2015 Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision (ISCV), 2015, pp. 1–5.
B. Kitchenham, “Procedures for performing systematic reviews,” Keele, UK, Keele University, vol. 33, no. 2004, pp. 1–26, 2004.
N. Aouadi, P. Pernelle, C. Ben Amar, and T. Carron, “Mda approach for reusability in serious game and e-learning design,” in Advances in Web-Based Learning – ICWL 2016, D. K. Chiu, I. Marenzi, U. Nanni, M. Spaniol, and M. Temperini, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 206–212.
H. Cardona-Reyes, J. Muñoz-Arteaga, L. Barba-González, and G. Ortiz-Aguiñaga, “Model-driven multidisciplinary production of virtual reality environments for elementary school with adhd,” in Iberoamerican Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction. Springer, 2020, pp. 181–192.
C. G. García, E. R. Núnez-Valdez, P. Moreno-Ger, R. G. Crespo, B. C. P. G-Bustelo, and J. M. C. Lovelle, “Agile development of multiplatform educational video games using a domain-specific language,” Universal Access in the Information Society, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 599–614, 2019.
F. Hamiye, B. Said, and B. Serhan, “A framework for the development of serious games for assessment,” in Games and Learning Alliance, A. Liapis, G. N. Yannakakis, M. Gentile, and M. Ninaus, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 407–416.
P. Laforcade and Y. Laghouaouta, “Generation of Adapted Learning Game Scenarios: A Model-Driven Engineering Approach,” in Computer Supported Education, ser. Comm. in Computer and Information Science. Springer, Jun. 2019, vol. 1022, pp. 95–116. [Online]. Available: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02177667
E. J. Marchiori, Á. Del Blanco, J. Torrente, I. Martinez-Ortiz, and B. Fernández-Manjón, “A visual language for the creation of narrative educational games,” Journal of Visual Languages & Computing, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 443–452, 2011.
A. Matallaoui, P. Herzig, and R. Zarnekow, “Model-driven serious game development integration of the gamification modeling language gaml with unity,” in 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2015, pp. 643–651.
J. N. Nyameino, B.-R. Ebbesvik, F. Rabbi, M. C. Were, and Y. Lamo, “Model-driven automatic question generation for a gamified clinical guideline training system,” in Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, E. Damiani, G. Spanoudakis, and L. A. Maciaszek, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020, pp. 227–245.
N. Thillainathan and J. M. Leimeister, “Educators as game developers— model-driven visual programming of serious games,” in Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems, S. Kunifuji, G. A. Papadopoulos, A. M. Skulimowski, and J. Kacprzyk, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 335–349.
O. De Troyer, F. Van Broeckhoven, and J. Vlieghe, Creating Story-Based Serious Games Using a Controlled Natural Language Domain Specific Modeling Language. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 567–603. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51645-525
C. Ferreira, L. F. Maia, C. Salles, F. Trinta, and W. Viana, “A model-based approach for designing location-based games,” in 2017 16th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment (SBGames), 2017, pp. 29–38.
P. Mendes, W. Souza, R. Oliveira, and C. Soares Neto, “Meta-ads: Um meta-modelo para monetização de jogos com propagandas,” in XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital (SBGames 2018), 2018, pp. 296–299.
T. Classe, R. M. Araujo, and G. B. Xexeo, “Process model game design: Uma ferramenta para apoio a sistematização de design de jogos digitais baseados em processos de negócio,” in XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital (SBGames 2018), 2018, pp. 233–242.
Unity, “Unity technologies: Unity,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://unity.com/
N. P. I. R. Devy, S. Wibirama, and P. I. Santosa, “Evaluating user experience of english learning interface using user experience questionnaire and system usability scale,” in 2017 1st International Conference on Informatics and Computational Sciences (ICICoS). IEEE, 2017, pp. 101–106.
T. Walsh, J. Varsaluoma, S. Kujala, P. Nurkka, H. Petrie, and C. Power, “Axe ux: Exploring long-term user experience with iscale and attrakdiff,” in Proceedings of the 18th international academic mindtrek conference: Media business, management, content & services, 2014, pp. 32–39.
Publicado
18/10/2021
Como Citar
BUORO, Diego Martos; DA ROCHA, Rafaela Vilela; BELARMINO, Guilherme Dias; GOYA, Denise Hideko.
Desenvolvimento de Jogos Orientado a Modelo para Jogos Sérios: uma Revisão Sistemática. In: TRILHA DE ARTES & DESIGN – ARTIGOS COMPLETOS - SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE JOGOS E ENTRETENIMENTO DIGITAL (SBGAMES), 20. , 2021, Online.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2021
.
p. 58-67.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbgames_estendido.2021.19625.
