Máquinas de empatia - Uma visão geral histórica da indústria sobre elementos característicos dos jogos empáticos
Resumo
Jogos possuem propósitos multifacetados e multidisciplinares e tem sido uma das mídias de maior influência na cultura popular. A capacidade empática que o meio possui envolve os jogadores em narrativas para eles sentirem-se como os personagens em tela. Este artigo, via metodologia overview, procurou compreender elementos e técnicas que a indústria de videogames, desde sua origem até o presente momento, tem empregado para gerar empatia nos jogos. Este sentimento torna jogadores capazes estar na situação do personagem, e portanto, mais compreensivos a realidades alheias a sua. Este é um dos passos deste grupo de pesquisa na busca da construção de um framework conceitual para o design de jogos empáticos.
Palavras-chave:
Jogos empáticos, Visão histórica, Indústria de Jogos
Referências
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Boltz, L. O., Henriksen, D., and Mishra, P. (2015). Rethinking technology & creativity in the 21st century: Empathy through gaming-perspective taking in a complex world. TechTrends, 59(6):3–8.
Brackin, A. L. (2014). Arg for arg’s sake: The authenticity of non-commercial alternate reality games. In Transmedia Practice: A Collective Approach, pages 143–152. Brill.
Brown, S. (2015a). A brief history of graphics. Ahoy.
Brown, S. (2015b). Nuclear fruit: How the cold war shaped video games. Ahoy.
Brown, S. (2019). The first video game. Ahoy.
Burelli, P. (2016). Game cinematography: From camera control to player emotions. In Emotion in Games, pages 181–195. Springer.
Capcom (©1993-©1994). Super street fighter ii. Arcade, Amiga, Fujitsu Fm Towns, MS-DOS, Sharp X68000, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Mega Drive, Super Nintendo Entretainment System.
Capcom (©2005). Devil may cry 3: Dante’s awakening. Playstation 2, Microsoft Windows.
Conway, S. (2010). A circular wall? reformulating the fourth wall for videogames. Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds, 2(2):145–155.
Crogan, P. (2018). Indie dreams: Video games, creative economy, and the hyperindustrial epoch. Games and Culture, 13(7):671–689.
Crowbcat (2016). Kinect: The dark age of xbox. Crowbcat.
Cussan (2019). Evolution of video game graphics 1958-2020 [4k]. Cussan. de Castro, V. O. (2015). Indie games: a atuação dos independentes no design de videogames. Master’s thesis. Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FAU).
Denham, J., Hirschler, S., and Spokes, M. (2021). The reification of structural violence in video games. Crime, Media, Culture, 17(1):85–103.
Diogo, G. V. (2016). Empathy games: Life, death, and digital narratives. Radboud University.
Dunniway, T. (2000). Using the hero’s journey in games. Game Developer.
Edler, D. and Dickmann, F. (2017). The impact of 1980s and 1990s video games on multimedia cartography. Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, 52(2):168–177.
Ferreira, E. (2014). Diz-me com quem andas e direi o quão índie és: relações entre gênero e mercado no cenário dos videogames independentes. In CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL COMUNICAÇÃO E CONSUMO, volume 4, pages 1–15.
Georgina Goodlander, M. M. (2013). Press start: Video games in an art museum. Journal of Interactive Humanities, 1(1):615–624.
Godtsfriedt, J. and Cardoso, F. L. (2021). E-sports: uma prática esportiva atual. Motrivivencia, 33(64):1–.
Goulart, L. A. (2017). Jogos vivos para pessoas vivas: composições queer-contrapúblicas nas culturas de jogo digital.
Grant, M. J. and Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health information & libraries journal, 26(2):91–108.
Griffiths, D. C. (2013). Virtual ascendance: Video games and the remaking of reality. Rowman & Littlefield.
Hansen, D. (2016). Game on! Video game history from Pong and Pac-Man to Mario, Minecraft, and more, volume 1. Macmillan.
Historian, G. (2016). A criação da esrb gaming historian. Gaming Historian. Hume, D. (1896). A treatise of human nature. Clarendon Press.
Ivory, J. D. (2015). A brief history of video games. The video game debate: Unravelling the physical, social, and psychological effects of digital games, pages 1–21.
Janssen, J., Verschuren, O., Renger, W. J., Ermers, J., Ketelaar, M., and Vanee, R. (2017). Gamification in physical therapy: More than using games. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 29(1):95–99.
Kaplan, A. (2013). The Epic Evolution of Video Games. Lerner Publishing Group, The.
Kent, S. L. (2010). The Ultimate History of Video Games: from Pong to Pokemon and beyond. the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, volume 1. Crown.
Kring-Schreifels, J. (2021). Video games used to copy movies. now they’re influencing modern action. The Ringer.
Kushner, D. (2003). Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture. Random House Inc., USA.
Lakkaraju, K., Epifanovskaya, L. W. E., Stites, M. C., Letchford, J., Reinhardt, J. C., and Whetzel, J. (2018). Online games for studying human behavior. Technical report, Sandia National Lab. (SNLNM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia.
Lankoski, P. (2007). Goals, affects, and empathy in games. Philosophy of computer games, pages 1–10.
Lizardi, R. (2012). Dlc: Perpetual commodification of the video game. Democratic Communique, 25(1):3.
Macak, M. et al. (2020). The dawn of the 9th console generation: The scalpers’ heaven. Acta Ludologica, 3(2):92–93.
Martinez, V. C. V. (2009). “o brincar e a realidade.” virtual: videogame, assassinatos e imortalidade. Estilos da Clínica, 14(26):150–173.
Michaelis (© 2022). Empatia. Editora Melhoramentos.
Mørch, A. I., Eielsen, C. S., and Mifsud, L. (2021). Using minecraft to reconstruct and roleplay local history: Intersubjectivity, temporality, and tension. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning-CSCL 2021. International Society of the Learning Sciences.
Nintendo (©1981). Donkey kong. Arcade.
Oliver, M. B., Bowman, N., Woolley, J., Rogers, R., Sherrick, B., and Chung, M.-Y. (2015). Video games as meaningful entertainment experiences. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5.
Pallavicini, F., Pepe, A., and Minissi, M. E. (2019). Gaming in virtual reality: What changes in terms of usability, emotional response and sense of presence compared to non-immersive video games? Simulation & Gaming, 50(2):136–159.
Pinheiro, T. S. d. M., Valerio, C. C., Maciel, C., da Hora Rodrigues, K. R., and dos Santos Nunes, E. P. (2021). Revisiting empathy games concept from user comments perspective. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1–11.
Rodrigues, R. H., K., Valerio, C. C., S. M. Pinheiro, T., Maciel, C., and dos Santos Nunes, E. P. ´ (2021). Revisiting empathy games concept from user comments perspective. In Proceedings of the SBGames 2021.
Rules, T. (2020). History of vr technology, but i have to explain in vr — tech rules. Tech Rules.
Santos, D. B. d., de Melo Pinheiro, T. S., Maciel, C., Rodrigues, K. R. d. H., and Nunes, E. P. d. S. (2020). Interpreting posts in empathic games: assumptions for a conceptual framework. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1–10.
Sawyer, B. (2007). Serious games: Broadening games impact beyond entertainment. In Computer Graphics Forum, volume 26, pages xviii–xviii. Wiley Online Library.
Sega (©1999). Shenmue. Dreamcast.
Shanahan, E. A., Jones, M. D., McBeth, M. K., and Radaelli, C. M. (2018). The narrative policy framework. In Theories of the policy process, pages 173–213. Routledge.
Sharp, J. (2016). 31 independent games. Debugging Game History: A Critical Lexicon, page 259.
Smith, A. (1822). The theory of moral sentiments, volume 1. J. Richardson.
Smith, A. (2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971-1982. CRC Press.
Stone, C. (2019). The evolution of video games as a storytelling medium, and the role of narrative in modern games. Game Developer.
TECMO (©2001). Fatal frame. PlayStation 2, Xbox.
TeeChu (2021). The story of the nintendo wii remote. Teechu.
Usher, R., Robertson, P., and Sloan, R. (2013). Physical responses (arousal) to audio in games. The Computer Games Journal, 2:5–13.
Weidman, G. (2017). Gaming beyond the iron curtain: East germany. Super Bunnyhop.
Weidman, G. (2018). Review: Playstation vr. Super Bunnyhop.
Weisel, E. (1994). Victims and punishment. Harm in American Penology: Offenders, Victims, and Their Communities, page 113.
Wikepedia (c2021). Home video game console generations. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Wolf, M. J. (2008). The video game explosion: a history from PONG to Playstation and beyond. ABC-CLIO.
Barton, M. and Stacks, S. (2019). Dungeons and desktops: The history of computer role-playing games 2e. CRC Press.
Belman, J. and Flanagan, M. (2010). Designing games to foster empathy. International Journal of Cognitive Technology, 15(1):11.
Berger, A. (2017). Video Games: A Popular Culture Phenomenon, pages 3–28.
Boltz, L. O., Henriksen, D., and Mishra, P. (2015). Rethinking technology & creativity in the 21st century: Empathy through gaming-perspective taking in a complex world. TechTrends, 59(6):3–8.
Brackin, A. L. (2014). Arg for arg’s sake: The authenticity of non-commercial alternate reality games. In Transmedia Practice: A Collective Approach, pages 143–152. Brill.
Brown, S. (2015a). A brief history of graphics. Ahoy.
Brown, S. (2015b). Nuclear fruit: How the cold war shaped video games. Ahoy.
Brown, S. (2019). The first video game. Ahoy.
Burelli, P. (2016). Game cinematography: From camera control to player emotions. In Emotion in Games, pages 181–195. Springer.
Capcom (©1993-©1994). Super street fighter ii. Arcade, Amiga, Fujitsu Fm Towns, MS-DOS, Sharp X68000, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Mega Drive, Super Nintendo Entretainment System.
Capcom (©2005). Devil may cry 3: Dante’s awakening. Playstation 2, Microsoft Windows.
Conway, S. (2010). A circular wall? reformulating the fourth wall for videogames. Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds, 2(2):145–155.
Crogan, P. (2018). Indie dreams: Video games, creative economy, and the hyperindustrial epoch. Games and Culture, 13(7):671–689.
Crowbcat (2016). Kinect: The dark age of xbox. Crowbcat.
Cussan (2019). Evolution of video game graphics 1958-2020 [4k]. Cussan. de Castro, V. O. (2015). Indie games: a atuação dos independentes no design de videogames. Master’s thesis. Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FAU).
Denham, J., Hirschler, S., and Spokes, M. (2021). The reification of structural violence in video games. Crime, Media, Culture, 17(1):85–103.
Diogo, G. V. (2016). Empathy games: Life, death, and digital narratives. Radboud University.
Dunniway, T. (2000). Using the hero’s journey in games. Game Developer.
Edler, D. and Dickmann, F. (2017). The impact of 1980s and 1990s video games on multimedia cartography. Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, 52(2):168–177.
Ferreira, E. (2014). Diz-me com quem andas e direi o quão índie és: relações entre gênero e mercado no cenário dos videogames independentes. In CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL COMUNICAÇÃO E CONSUMO, volume 4, pages 1–15.
Georgina Goodlander, M. M. (2013). Press start: Video games in an art museum. Journal of Interactive Humanities, 1(1):615–624.
Godtsfriedt, J. and Cardoso, F. L. (2021). E-sports: uma prática esportiva atual. Motrivivencia, 33(64):1–.
Goulart, L. A. (2017). Jogos vivos para pessoas vivas: composições queer-contrapúblicas nas culturas de jogo digital.
Grant, M. J. and Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health information & libraries journal, 26(2):91–108.
Griffiths, D. C. (2013). Virtual ascendance: Video games and the remaking of reality. Rowman & Littlefield.
Hansen, D. (2016). Game on! Video game history from Pong and Pac-Man to Mario, Minecraft, and more, volume 1. Macmillan.
Historian, G. (2016). A criação da esrb gaming historian. Gaming Historian. Hume, D. (1896). A treatise of human nature. Clarendon Press.
Ivory, J. D. (2015). A brief history of video games. The video game debate: Unravelling the physical, social, and psychological effects of digital games, pages 1–21.
Janssen, J., Verschuren, O., Renger, W. J., Ermers, J., Ketelaar, M., and Vanee, R. (2017). Gamification in physical therapy: More than using games. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 29(1):95–99.
Kaplan, A. (2013). The Epic Evolution of Video Games. Lerner Publishing Group, The.
Kent, S. L. (2010). The Ultimate History of Video Games: from Pong to Pokemon and beyond. the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, volume 1. Crown.
Kring-Schreifels, J. (2021). Video games used to copy movies. now they’re influencing modern action. The Ringer.
Kushner, D. (2003). Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture. Random House Inc., USA.
Lakkaraju, K., Epifanovskaya, L. W. E., Stites, M. C., Letchford, J., Reinhardt, J. C., and Whetzel, J. (2018). Online games for studying human behavior. Technical report, Sandia National Lab. (SNLNM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia.
Lankoski, P. (2007). Goals, affects, and empathy in games. Philosophy of computer games, pages 1–10.
Lizardi, R. (2012). Dlc: Perpetual commodification of the video game. Democratic Communique, 25(1):3.
Macak, M. et al. (2020). The dawn of the 9th console generation: The scalpers’ heaven. Acta Ludologica, 3(2):92–93.
Martinez, V. C. V. (2009). “o brincar e a realidade.” virtual: videogame, assassinatos e imortalidade. Estilos da Clínica, 14(26):150–173.
Michaelis (© 2022). Empatia. Editora Melhoramentos.
Mørch, A. I., Eielsen, C. S., and Mifsud, L. (2021). Using minecraft to reconstruct and roleplay local history: Intersubjectivity, temporality, and tension. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning-CSCL 2021. International Society of the Learning Sciences.
Nintendo (©1981). Donkey kong. Arcade.
Oliver, M. B., Bowman, N., Woolley, J., Rogers, R., Sherrick, B., and Chung, M.-Y. (2015). Video games as meaningful entertainment experiences. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5.
Pallavicini, F., Pepe, A., and Minissi, M. E. (2019). Gaming in virtual reality: What changes in terms of usability, emotional response and sense of presence compared to non-immersive video games? Simulation & Gaming, 50(2):136–159.
Pinheiro, T. S. d. M., Valerio, C. C., Maciel, C., da Hora Rodrigues, K. R., and dos Santos Nunes, E. P. (2021). Revisiting empathy games concept from user comments perspective. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1–11.
Rodrigues, R. H., K., Valerio, C. C., S. M. Pinheiro, T., Maciel, C., and dos Santos Nunes, E. P. ´ (2021). Revisiting empathy games concept from user comments perspective. In Proceedings of the SBGames 2021.
Rules, T. (2020). History of vr technology, but i have to explain in vr — tech rules. Tech Rules.
Santos, D. B. d., de Melo Pinheiro, T. S., Maciel, C., Rodrigues, K. R. d. H., and Nunes, E. P. d. S. (2020). Interpreting posts in empathic games: assumptions for a conceptual framework. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1–10.
Sawyer, B. (2007). Serious games: Broadening games impact beyond entertainment. In Computer Graphics Forum, volume 26, pages xviii–xviii. Wiley Online Library.
Sega (©1999). Shenmue. Dreamcast.
Shanahan, E. A., Jones, M. D., McBeth, M. K., and Radaelli, C. M. (2018). The narrative policy framework. In Theories of the policy process, pages 173–213. Routledge.
Sharp, J. (2016). 31 independent games. Debugging Game History: A Critical Lexicon, page 259.
Smith, A. (1822). The theory of moral sentiments, volume 1. J. Richardson.
Smith, A. (2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971-1982. CRC Press.
Stone, C. (2019). The evolution of video games as a storytelling medium, and the role of narrative in modern games. Game Developer.
TECMO (©2001). Fatal frame. PlayStation 2, Xbox.
TeeChu (2021). The story of the nintendo wii remote. Teechu.
Usher, R., Robertson, P., and Sloan, R. (2013). Physical responses (arousal) to audio in games. The Computer Games Journal, 2:5–13.
Weidman, G. (2017). Gaming beyond the iron curtain: East germany. Super Bunnyhop.
Weidman, G. (2018). Review: Playstation vr. Super Bunnyhop.
Weisel, E. (1994). Victims and punishment. Harm in American Penology: Offenders, Victims, and Their Communities, page 113.
Wikepedia (c2021). Home video game console generations. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Wolf, M. J. (2008). The video game explosion: a history from PONG to Playstation and beyond. ABC-CLIO.
Publicado
24/10/2022
Como Citar
GALVÃO, Vinícius Ferreira; RODRIGUES, Kamila Rios da Hora; MACIEL, Cristiano; NUNES, Eunice; TREVISAN, Daniele.
Máquinas de empatia - Uma visão geral histórica da indústria sobre elementos característicos dos jogos empáticos. In: TRILHA DE CULTURA – ARTIGOS COMPLETOS - SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE JOGOS E ENTRETENIMENTO DIGITAL (SBGAMES), 21. , 2022, Natal/RN.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2022
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p. 468-477.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbgames_estendido.2022.226147.
