Balanceamento do jogo ESG+P utilizando o Machinations: um Estudo de Caso
Resumo
Este artigo apresenta o balanceamento de um jogo educacional para ensinar desenvolvimento sustentável nas organizações. O sucesso de um jogo é um desafio que depende do balanço entre seus elementos. O balanceamento é um processo complexo, realizado em várias iterações, que começa na concepção e continua até em jogos de teste. Construímos modelos das mecânicas do jogo no Machinations e simulamos centenas de execuções e adequamos os ganhos e custos dos recursos para atingir os objetivos do jogo. Adotar o Machinations no processo de design do jogo contribuiu para identificar impasses, ações e feedbacks, e aprimorar o design sem a necessidade de construir um protótipo. Este estudo de caso contribuiu para demostrar que balancear o jogo o quanto antes no processo de desenvolvimento viabiliza o design e somou à gama de evidências de que simulações computacionais, como o Machinations, beneficiam o balanceamento de um jogo.
Palavras-chave:
Balanceamento, Machinations, Economia Interna
Referências
Adams, E. e Dormans, J. (2012). Game Mechanics: Advanced Game Design. New Riders Games.
Albaghajati, A. e Ahmed, M. (2023). Video game automated testing approaches: An assessment framework. IEEE Transactions on Games, 15(1):81–94.
Almeida, F. d. Q. B. (2015). Rachinations: Modelando a economia interna de jogos. Trabalho de projeto final de curso, Departamento de Ciência da Computação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Ašeriškis, D. e Damaševičius, R. (2014). Gamification patterns for gamification applications. Procedia Computer Science, 39:83–90. The 6th international conference on Intelligent Human Computer Interaction, IHCI 2014.
Becker, A. e Görlich, D. (2019). Game balancing–a semantical analysis. In Workshops at the 2nd International Conference on Applied Informatics.
Beyer, M., Agureikin, A., Anokhin, A., Laenger, C., Nolte, F., Winterberg, J., Renka, M., Rieger, M., Pflanzl, N., Preuss, M., et al. (2016). An integrated process for game balancing. In 2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG), pages 1–8. IEEE.
BR (2023). Business Roundtable. [link].
Chandler, C. e Noriega, L. (2006). Games analysis how to stop history repeating itself. In WSEAS International Conference on Multimedia, Internet & Video Technologies, pages 47–52. Citeseer.
Chen, H., Mori, Y., e Matsuba, I. (2014). Solving the balance problem of massively multiplayer online role-playing games using coevolutionary programming. Applied Soft Computing, 18:1–11.
Ferrada, F. e Camarinha-Matos, L. M. (2019). Simulation model to estimate emotions in collaborative networks. Applied Sciences, 9(23).
Garvin, D. A. (1984). What does product quality really mean? MIT Sloan Management Review.
Koster, R. (2013). Theory of fun for game design. O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Leitao, T., Silva, F., e Xexéo, G. (2021). Análise de métodos de design de jogos sérios sob a ótica da design science research. In Anais Estendidos do XX Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital, pages 40–47. SBC.
Liker, J. (2003). The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles From The World’S Greatest Manufacturer. McGraw-Hill, 1 edition.
Lithoxoidou, E. E., Paliokas, I., Gotsos, I., Krinidis, S., Tsakiris, A., Votis, K., e Tzovaras, D. (2018). A gamification engine architecture for enhancing behavioral change support systems. In Proceedings of the 11th Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference, pages 482–489.
Magalhães, M. F., Parreiras, M., Ouriques, L., Mangeli, E., Silva, F., Valle, E., e Xexéo, G. (2023). An educational game about sustainability based on esg+ p concepts. In Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning: Proceedings of the Annual ABSEL conference, volume 50.
Magalhães, M. F. e Eckschmidt, T. (2021). Satisfação das Partes Interessadas: Poderes e Responsabilidades com os Stakeholders em Negócios Conscientes. CBJourney.
Mangeli, E., de Classe, T. M., Macedo, H., Marques, P., Costa, L. M., Parreiras, M., e Silva, F. (2022). Games with purpose development methodology by ludology laboratory. In Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning: Proceedings of the Annual ABSEL conference, volume 49, pages 161–171.
McGonigal, J. (2011). Reality is broken: Why games make us better and how they can change the world. Penguin.
Novak, J., O’Brien, M., e Gish, J. (2012). Game development essentials, volume 3. Delmar Cengage Learning.
Pfau, J., Liapis, A., Volkmar, G., Yannakakis, G. N., e Malaka, R. (2020). Dungeons & replicants: automated game balancing via deep player behavior modeling. In 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), pages 431–438. IEEE.
Pfau, J., Smeddinck, J. D., e Malaka, R. (2018). Towards deep player behavior models in mmorpgs. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, pages 381–392.
Rollings, A. e Adams, E. (2003). Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on game design. New Riders.
Sahibgareeva, G. F. e Kugurakova, V. V. (2021). Branched structure component for a video game scenario prototype generator. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings.
Schreiber, I. e Romero, B. (2022). Game Balance. CRC Press.
Sirlin, D. (2009). Balancing multiplayer competitive games. In Game Developer’s Conference.
Stephens, C. e Exton, C. (2021). Measuring inflation within virtual economies using deep reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, volume 2, pages 444–453. INSTICC, SciTePress.
Sterman, J. D. (2000). Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World. Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Van Rozen, R. (2020). Languages of games and play: A systematic mapping study. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 53(6):1–37.
Van Rozen, R. e Dormans, J. (2014). Adapting game mechanics with micro-machinations. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, Ford Lauderdale, FL, United States. Society for the Advancement of the Science of Digital Games.
Volz, V., Rudolph, G., e Naujoks, B. (2016). Demonstrating the feasibility of automatic game balancing. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2016, pages 269–276.
Xexéo, G., Mangeli, E., Silva, F., Ouriques, L., Costa, L. F. C., e Monclar, R. S. (2021). Games as information systems. In XVII Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems, pages 1–8.
Zaidan, T., Zaidan, D., e Goés, L. F. W. (2016). Game mechanics design: Applying machinations to eliosi’s hunt. In XV Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment, pages 313–321, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. SBC.
Albaghajati, A. e Ahmed, M. (2023). Video game automated testing approaches: An assessment framework. IEEE Transactions on Games, 15(1):81–94.
Almeida, F. d. Q. B. (2015). Rachinations: Modelando a economia interna de jogos. Trabalho de projeto final de curso, Departamento de Ciência da Computação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Ašeriškis, D. e Damaševičius, R. (2014). Gamification patterns for gamification applications. Procedia Computer Science, 39:83–90. The 6th international conference on Intelligent Human Computer Interaction, IHCI 2014.
Becker, A. e Görlich, D. (2019). Game balancing–a semantical analysis. In Workshops at the 2nd International Conference on Applied Informatics.
Beyer, M., Agureikin, A., Anokhin, A., Laenger, C., Nolte, F., Winterberg, J., Renka, M., Rieger, M., Pflanzl, N., Preuss, M., et al. (2016). An integrated process for game balancing. In 2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG), pages 1–8. IEEE.
BR (2023). Business Roundtable. [link].
Chandler, C. e Noriega, L. (2006). Games analysis how to stop history repeating itself. In WSEAS International Conference on Multimedia, Internet & Video Technologies, pages 47–52. Citeseer.
Chen, H., Mori, Y., e Matsuba, I. (2014). Solving the balance problem of massively multiplayer online role-playing games using coevolutionary programming. Applied Soft Computing, 18:1–11.
Ferrada, F. e Camarinha-Matos, L. M. (2019). Simulation model to estimate emotions in collaborative networks. Applied Sciences, 9(23).
Garvin, D. A. (1984). What does product quality really mean? MIT Sloan Management Review.
Koster, R. (2013). Theory of fun for game design. O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Leitao, T., Silva, F., e Xexéo, G. (2021). Análise de métodos de design de jogos sérios sob a ótica da design science research. In Anais Estendidos do XX Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital, pages 40–47. SBC.
Liker, J. (2003). The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles From The World’S Greatest Manufacturer. McGraw-Hill, 1 edition.
Lithoxoidou, E. E., Paliokas, I., Gotsos, I., Krinidis, S., Tsakiris, A., Votis, K., e Tzovaras, D. (2018). A gamification engine architecture for enhancing behavioral change support systems. In Proceedings of the 11th Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference, pages 482–489.
Magalhães, M. F., Parreiras, M., Ouriques, L., Mangeli, E., Silva, F., Valle, E., e Xexéo, G. (2023). An educational game about sustainability based on esg+ p concepts. In Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning: Proceedings of the Annual ABSEL conference, volume 50.
Magalhães, M. F. e Eckschmidt, T. (2021). Satisfação das Partes Interessadas: Poderes e Responsabilidades com os Stakeholders em Negócios Conscientes. CBJourney.
Mangeli, E., de Classe, T. M., Macedo, H., Marques, P., Costa, L. M., Parreiras, M., e Silva, F. (2022). Games with purpose development methodology by ludology laboratory. In Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning: Proceedings of the Annual ABSEL conference, volume 49, pages 161–171.
McGonigal, J. (2011). Reality is broken: Why games make us better and how they can change the world. Penguin.
Novak, J., O’Brien, M., e Gish, J. (2012). Game development essentials, volume 3. Delmar Cengage Learning.
Pfau, J., Liapis, A., Volkmar, G., Yannakakis, G. N., e Malaka, R. (2020). Dungeons & replicants: automated game balancing via deep player behavior modeling. In 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), pages 431–438. IEEE.
Pfau, J., Smeddinck, J. D., e Malaka, R. (2018). Towards deep player behavior models in mmorpgs. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, pages 381–392.
Rollings, A. e Adams, E. (2003). Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on game design. New Riders.
Sahibgareeva, G. F. e Kugurakova, V. V. (2021). Branched structure component for a video game scenario prototype generator. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings.
Schreiber, I. e Romero, B. (2022). Game Balance. CRC Press.
Sirlin, D. (2009). Balancing multiplayer competitive games. In Game Developer’s Conference.
Stephens, C. e Exton, C. (2021). Measuring inflation within virtual economies using deep reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, volume 2, pages 444–453. INSTICC, SciTePress.
Sterman, J. D. (2000). Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World. Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Van Rozen, R. (2020). Languages of games and play: A systematic mapping study. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 53(6):1–37.
Van Rozen, R. e Dormans, J. (2014). Adapting game mechanics with micro-machinations. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, Ford Lauderdale, FL, United States. Society for the Advancement of the Science of Digital Games.
Volz, V., Rudolph, G., e Naujoks, B. (2016). Demonstrating the feasibility of automatic game balancing. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2016, pages 269–276.
Xexéo, G., Mangeli, E., Silva, F., Ouriques, L., Costa, L. F. C., e Monclar, R. S. (2021). Games as information systems. In XVII Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems, pages 1–8.
Zaidan, T., Zaidan, D., e Goés, L. F. W. (2016). Game mechanics design: Applying machinations to eliosi’s hunt. In XV Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment, pages 313–321, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. SBC.
Publicado
06/11/2023
Como Citar
SILVA, Farmy; OURIQUES, Leandro; PARREIRAS, Marcus; MAGALHÃES, Marcos; XEXÉO, Geraldo.
Balanceamento do jogo ESG+P utilizando o Machinations: um Estudo de Caso. In: TRILHA DE ARTES & DESIGN – ARTIGOS COMPLETOS - SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE JOGOS E ENTRETENIMENTO DIGITAL (SBGAMES), 22. , 2023, Rio Grande/RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 157-168.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbgames_estendido.2023.233692.
