Embracing Representation: Integrating Canoeing and Female Swimming Adapted Sports in a Digital Game Platform
Resumo
The representation of individuals from diverse backgrounds in the media is a topic extensively discussed in literature, posing itself as a challenging area for investigation. Such representation can significantly influence whether a person chooses to engage with a particular application or not. Digital games serve as a crucial medium that offers opportunities to both learn various content and bring visibility to individuals from diverse profiles. However, the literature reveals a scarcity of digital games featuring characters with disabilities or special needs as protagonists. Therefore, this article presents a game that not only builds upon the existing modalities explored in previous studies but also introduces two additional modalities of adapted sports: canoeing and female swimming. The aim is to broaden the game’s scope, allowing it to reach an audience that has yet to be targeted, while simultaneously contributing to the discourse on representation in digital media. The game can be used to stard discussions about gender stereotypes, disabilities, representation and diversity in line with the the Brazilian “National Common Core Curriculum” (Base Nacional Comum Curricular - BNCC).
Referências
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Barrera Yañez, A. G., Alonso-Fernandez, C., and Fernandez Manjon, B. (2020). Review of serious games to educate on gender equality. In Eighth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, pages 662–668.
Barrera Yañez, A. G., Alonso-Fernández, C., and Fernández-Manjón, B. (2022). Acceptance evaluation of a serious game to address gender stereotypes in mexico. In International Conference on Web-Based Learning, pages 229–240. Springer.
Beacom, A., French, L., and Kendall, S. (2016). Reframing impairment? continuity and change in media representations of disability through the paralympic games. International Journal of Sport Communication, 9(1):42–62.
Bertschy, S. and Reinhardt, J. D. (2012). Disability sport in the swiss media. Heroes or Zeros, pages 65–76.
Bold, A. and Garone, P. M. C. (2013). Arte conceitual na concepção de jogos. Proceedings of SBGames.
Brandão, A. L., de Aguiar, A., de Araujo, A. F., Domingos, G. B., and Soares, R. C. (2016). Parajecripe: Um jogo sobre esportes adaptados. In Proceedings of the XIV Brazilian Symposium on Games and Digital Entertainment, SBGAMES ’16.
Brittain, I. (2004). Perceptions of disability and their impact upon involvement in sport for people with disabilities at all levels. Journal of sport and social issues, 28(4):429–452.
Brittain, I. (2017). Communicating and managing the message: Media and media representation of disability and paralympic sport. Managing the Paralympics, pages 241–262.
Camacho-Sánchez, R., Manzano-León, A., Rodríguez-Ferrer, J. M., Serna, J., and Lavega-Burgués, P. (2023). Game-based learning and gamification in physical education: A systematic review. Education Sciences, 13(2).
Cherney, J. L., Lindemann, K., and Hardin, M. (2015). Research in communication, disability, and sport. Communication & Sport, 3(1):8–26.
Costanzi, N. R., Koga, A., and Brandão, A. (2022). Prototipaçao com design participativo de um jogo digital sobre igualdade de gênero. In Anais Estendidos do XXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital, pages 388–397. SBC.
da Silva, T. R., Medeiros, T. J., and Aranha, E. H. d. S. (2014). Jogos digitais para ensino e aprendizagem de programação: uma revisão sistemática da literatura. In Brazilian Symposium on Computers in Education (Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação-SBIE), volume 25,1, page 692.
de Souza, D. L., Marques, A. M., and Fermino, L. (2020). Paralympic games: The experience with “the other” through the screens. J. Phys. Educ., 31.
Domingos, G., Miura, B., Santos, Á. P. A., Carthery-Goulart, M. T., and Brandão, A. L. (2018). Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de jogo com design participativo para treino cognitivo de pessoas idosas. In Proceedings of XVII Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment, pages 97–106.
Domingos, G. B., Brandão, A. L., Szykman, A. G., and Gois, J. P. (2017). Production and post-production phases of the game scrum for the development of an adapted sports digital game. In Proceedings of the XV Brazilian Symposium on Games and Digital Entertainment, SBGAMES ’17.
Ferreira, W. B. (2015). O conceito de diversidade na bncc-relações de poder e interesses ocultos. Retratos da escola, 9(17).
Garland-Thomson, R. et al. (2002). The politics of staring: Visual rhetorics of disability in popular photography. Disability studies: Enabling the humanities, 1.
Hardin, B. and Hardin, M. (2003). Conformity and conflict: Wheelchair athletes discuss sport media. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 20(3):246–259.
Holland, K., Holland, S. K., and Haegele, J. A. (2023a). Inspirational and worthy of charity: (mis)representations of disability in sport media. Communication & Sport, 0(0):21674795231170542.
Holland, K., Holland, S. K., and Haegele, J. A. (2023b). Inspirational and worthy of charity:(mis) representations of disability in sport media. Communication & Sport, page 21674795231170542.
Hu, T., Cottingham, M., Shapiro, D., and Lee, D. (2023). Promote the “wow”:(mis) representation, perception and reception of media promotion on wheelchair rugby. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship.
Kamberidou, I. (2008). Promoting a culture of peacemaking: Peace games and peace education. International Journal of Physical Education, 4:176–188.
Kolotouchkina, O., Llorente-Barroso, C., García-Guardia, M. L., and Pavón, J. (2020). Disability, sport, and television: Media visibility and representation of paralympic games in news programs. Sustainability, 13(1):256.
Lamb, R. L., Annetta, L., Firestone, J., and Etopio, E. (2018). A meta-analysis with examination of moderators of student cognition, affect, and learning outcomes while using serious educational games, serious games, and simulations. Computers in Human Behavior, 80:158–167.
Mack, K., Hsu, R. C. L., Monroy-Hernández, A., Smith, B. A., and Liu, F. (2023). Towards inclusive avatars: Disability representation in avatar platforms. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1–13.
McGillivray, D., O’Donnell, H., McPherson, G., and Misener, L. (2021). Repurposing the (super) crip: Media representations of disability at the rio 2016 paralympic games. Communication & Sport, 9(1):3–32.
McPherson, G., O’Donnell, H., McGillivray, D., and Misener, L. (2016). Elite athletes or superstars? media representation of para-athletes at the glasgow 2014 commonwealth games. Disability & society, 31(5):659–675.
Mello, M. T. D. and Winckler, C. (2012). Esporte Paralimpico. Editora Atheneu.
Mitchell, F. R., Santarossa, S., Ramawickrama, I. L., Rankin, E. F., Yaciuk, J. A., McMahon, E. R., and van Wyk, P. M. (2019). An evaluation of social media images portrayal of disability discourse: amputeefitness. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 12(2).
Mitchell, F. R., van Wyk, P. M., and Santarossa, S. (2021). Curating a culture: The portrayal of disability stereotypes by paralympians on instagram. International Journal of Sport Communication, 14(3):334–355.
Mott, M., Cutrell, E., Franco, M. G., Holz, C., Ofek, E., Stoakley, R., and Morris, M. R. (2019). Accessible by design: An opportunity for virtual reality. In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pages 451–454. IEEE.
NEWZOO (2021). Newzoo global games market report 2021 — free version. Accessed on June 21th, 2023.
Oliver, M. and Barnes, C. (2012). The new politics of disablement. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Pardun, C. (2005). Changing attitudes changing the world: Media’s portrayal of people with intellectual disabilities.
Pietruchinski, M. H., Neto, J. C., Malucelli, A., and Reinehr, S. (2012). Os jogos educativos no contexto do sbie: uma revisão sistemática de literatura. In Brazilian Symposium on Computers in Education (Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação-SBIE), volume 1, 1.
Ramon, X. and Rojas-Torrijos, J. L. (2022). Public service media, sports and cultural citizenship in the age of social media: An analysis of bbc sport agenda diversity on twitter. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 57(6):918–939.
Rojas-Torrijos, J. L. and Ramon, X. (2021). Exploring agenda diversity in european public service media sports desks: A comparative study of underrepresented disciplines, sportswomen and disabled athletes’ coverage on twitter. Journalism Studies, 22(2):225–242.
Schell, J. (2008). The Art of Game Design: A book of lenses. Taylor & Francis US.
Shields, N., Synnot, A. J., and Barr, M. (2012). Perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity for children with disability: a systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 46(14):989–997.
Silva, C. F. and Howe, P. D. (2012). The (in) validity of supercrip representation of paralympian athletes. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 36(2):174–194.
Stasienko, J., Dytman-Stasieńko, A., Madej, K., and Śledź, M. (2021). ”Fragile Avatars?”. Representations of Disability in Video Games. University of Lower Silesia.
Tjønndal, A. and Skauge, M. (2021). Youth sport 2.0? the development of esports in norway from 2016 to 2019. Qualitiative Research in Sport, 13:166–83.
Vukicevic, S., Dordevic, M., Glumbic, N., Bogdanovic, Z., and Duric Jovivic, M. (2019). A demonstration project for the utility of kinect-based educational games to benefit motor skills of children with asd. Perceptual and motor skills, 126(6):1117–1144.
WHO (2023). Disability. Accessed on June 21th, 2023.
Wikipedia (2023). Edênia garcia. https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edenia_Garcia. [Online; accessed June 19, 2023].
Yoo, J. J., Min, B., and Koh, Y. (2022). Cross-national news narratives of the paralympic games: Computational text analysis of the media coverage in the united states and south korea. Communication & Sport, page 21674795221090420.
Zhong, Y., Guo, K., Su, J., and Chu, S. K. W. (2022). The impact of esports participation on the development of 21st century skills in youth: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 191:104640.
Barrera Yañez, A. G., Alonso-Fernandez, C., and Fernandez Manjon, B. (2020). Review of serious games to educate on gender equality. In Eighth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, pages 662–668.
Barrera Yañez, A. G., Alonso-Fernández, C., and Fernández-Manjón, B. (2022). Acceptance evaluation of a serious game to address gender stereotypes in mexico. In International Conference on Web-Based Learning, pages 229–240. Springer.
Beacom, A., French, L., and Kendall, S. (2016). Reframing impairment? continuity and change in media representations of disability through the paralympic games. International Journal of Sport Communication, 9(1):42–62.
Bertschy, S. and Reinhardt, J. D. (2012). Disability sport in the swiss media. Heroes or Zeros, pages 65–76.
Bold, A. and Garone, P. M. C. (2013). Arte conceitual na concepção de jogos. Proceedings of SBGames.
Brandão, A. L., de Aguiar, A., de Araujo, A. F., Domingos, G. B., and Soares, R. C. (2016). Parajecripe: Um jogo sobre esportes adaptados. In Proceedings of the XIV Brazilian Symposium on Games and Digital Entertainment, SBGAMES ’16.
Brittain, I. (2004). Perceptions of disability and their impact upon involvement in sport for people with disabilities at all levels. Journal of sport and social issues, 28(4):429–452.
Brittain, I. (2017). Communicating and managing the message: Media and media representation of disability and paralympic sport. Managing the Paralympics, pages 241–262.
Camacho-Sánchez, R., Manzano-León, A., Rodríguez-Ferrer, J. M., Serna, J., and Lavega-Burgués, P. (2023). Game-based learning and gamification in physical education: A systematic review. Education Sciences, 13(2).
Cherney, J. L., Lindemann, K., and Hardin, M. (2015). Research in communication, disability, and sport. Communication & Sport, 3(1):8–26.
Costanzi, N. R., Koga, A., and Brandão, A. (2022). Prototipaçao com design participativo de um jogo digital sobre igualdade de gênero. In Anais Estendidos do XXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital, pages 388–397. SBC.
da Silva, T. R., Medeiros, T. J., and Aranha, E. H. d. S. (2014). Jogos digitais para ensino e aprendizagem de programação: uma revisão sistemática da literatura. In Brazilian Symposium on Computers in Education (Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação-SBIE), volume 25,1, page 692.
de Souza, D. L., Marques, A. M., and Fermino, L. (2020). Paralympic games: The experience with “the other” through the screens. J. Phys. Educ., 31.
Domingos, G., Miura, B., Santos, Á. P. A., Carthery-Goulart, M. T., and Brandão, A. L. (2018). Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de jogo com design participativo para treino cognitivo de pessoas idosas. In Proceedings of XVII Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment, pages 97–106.
Domingos, G. B., Brandão, A. L., Szykman, A. G., and Gois, J. P. (2017). Production and post-production phases of the game scrum for the development of an adapted sports digital game. In Proceedings of the XV Brazilian Symposium on Games and Digital Entertainment, SBGAMES ’17.
Ferreira, W. B. (2015). O conceito de diversidade na bncc-relações de poder e interesses ocultos. Retratos da escola, 9(17).
Garland-Thomson, R. et al. (2002). The politics of staring: Visual rhetorics of disability in popular photography. Disability studies: Enabling the humanities, 1.
Hardin, B. and Hardin, M. (2003). Conformity and conflict: Wheelchair athletes discuss sport media. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 20(3):246–259.
Holland, K., Holland, S. K., and Haegele, J. A. (2023a). Inspirational and worthy of charity: (mis)representations of disability in sport media. Communication & Sport, 0(0):21674795231170542.
Holland, K., Holland, S. K., and Haegele, J. A. (2023b). Inspirational and worthy of charity:(mis) representations of disability in sport media. Communication & Sport, page 21674795231170542.
Hu, T., Cottingham, M., Shapiro, D., and Lee, D. (2023). Promote the “wow”:(mis) representation, perception and reception of media promotion on wheelchair rugby. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship.
Kamberidou, I. (2008). Promoting a culture of peacemaking: Peace games and peace education. International Journal of Physical Education, 4:176–188.
Kolotouchkina, O., Llorente-Barroso, C., García-Guardia, M. L., and Pavón, J. (2020). Disability, sport, and television: Media visibility and representation of paralympic games in news programs. Sustainability, 13(1):256.
Lamb, R. L., Annetta, L., Firestone, J., and Etopio, E. (2018). A meta-analysis with examination of moderators of student cognition, affect, and learning outcomes while using serious educational games, serious games, and simulations. Computers in Human Behavior, 80:158–167.
Mack, K., Hsu, R. C. L., Monroy-Hernández, A., Smith, B. A., and Liu, F. (2023). Towards inclusive avatars: Disability representation in avatar platforms. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1–13.
McGillivray, D., O’Donnell, H., McPherson, G., and Misener, L. (2021). Repurposing the (super) crip: Media representations of disability at the rio 2016 paralympic games. Communication & Sport, 9(1):3–32.
McPherson, G., O’Donnell, H., McGillivray, D., and Misener, L. (2016). Elite athletes or superstars? media representation of para-athletes at the glasgow 2014 commonwealth games. Disability & society, 31(5):659–675.
Mello, M. T. D. and Winckler, C. (2012). Esporte Paralimpico. Editora Atheneu.
Mitchell, F. R., Santarossa, S., Ramawickrama, I. L., Rankin, E. F., Yaciuk, J. A., McMahon, E. R., and van Wyk, P. M. (2019). An evaluation of social media images portrayal of disability discourse: amputeefitness. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 12(2).
Mitchell, F. R., van Wyk, P. M., and Santarossa, S. (2021). Curating a culture: The portrayal of disability stereotypes by paralympians on instagram. International Journal of Sport Communication, 14(3):334–355.
Mott, M., Cutrell, E., Franco, M. G., Holz, C., Ofek, E., Stoakley, R., and Morris, M. R. (2019). Accessible by design: An opportunity for virtual reality. In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pages 451–454. IEEE.
NEWZOO (2021). Newzoo global games market report 2021 — free version. Accessed on June 21th, 2023.
Oliver, M. and Barnes, C. (2012). The new politics of disablement. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Pardun, C. (2005). Changing attitudes changing the world: Media’s portrayal of people with intellectual disabilities.
Pietruchinski, M. H., Neto, J. C., Malucelli, A., and Reinehr, S. (2012). Os jogos educativos no contexto do sbie: uma revisão sistemática de literatura. In Brazilian Symposium on Computers in Education (Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação-SBIE), volume 1, 1.
Ramon, X. and Rojas-Torrijos, J. L. (2022). Public service media, sports and cultural citizenship in the age of social media: An analysis of bbc sport agenda diversity on twitter. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 57(6):918–939.
Rojas-Torrijos, J. L. and Ramon, X. (2021). Exploring agenda diversity in european public service media sports desks: A comparative study of underrepresented disciplines, sportswomen and disabled athletes’ coverage on twitter. Journalism Studies, 22(2):225–242.
Schell, J. (2008). The Art of Game Design: A book of lenses. Taylor & Francis US.
Shields, N., Synnot, A. J., and Barr, M. (2012). Perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity for children with disability: a systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 46(14):989–997.
Silva, C. F. and Howe, P. D. (2012). The (in) validity of supercrip representation of paralympian athletes. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 36(2):174–194.
Stasienko, J., Dytman-Stasieńko, A., Madej, K., and Śledź, M. (2021). ”Fragile Avatars?”. Representations of Disability in Video Games. University of Lower Silesia.
Tjønndal, A. and Skauge, M. (2021). Youth sport 2.0? the development of esports in norway from 2016 to 2019. Qualitiative Research in Sport, 13:166–83.
Vukicevic, S., Dordevic, M., Glumbic, N., Bogdanovic, Z., and Duric Jovivic, M. (2019). A demonstration project for the utility of kinect-based educational games to benefit motor skills of children with asd. Perceptual and motor skills, 126(6):1117–1144.
WHO (2023). Disability. Accessed on June 21th, 2023.
Wikipedia (2023). Edênia garcia. https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edenia_Garcia. [Online; accessed June 19, 2023].
Yoo, J. J., Min, B., and Koh, Y. (2022). Cross-national news narratives of the paralympic games: Computational text analysis of the media coverage in the united states and south korea. Communication & Sport, page 21674795221090420.
Zhong, Y., Guo, K., Su, J., and Chu, S. K. W. (2022). The impact of esports participation on the development of 21st century skills in youth: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 191:104640.
Publicado
06/11/2023
Como Citar
SILVA, Daniel Espindola da; BRANDÃO, André Luiz; VITTORI, Karla.
Embracing Representation: Integrating Canoeing and Female Swimming Adapted Sports in a Digital Game Platform. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE INFORMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO (SBIE), 34. , 2023, Passo Fundo/RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 618-630.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2023.234301.
