Featuring Layers of Abstraction as a Modeling Resource in an Educational Game-Based Learning Platform
Resumo
This paper presents a feature supporting the modeling, management and visualization of layers of abstraction in an educational game engine. Computer science education has conquered significant recognition supported by the concept of Computational Thinking, an essential skill set in a world where computing is pervasive. One of its pillars, abstraction, has many facets on its own, and some of them still struggle to find support of educational tools. Attempting to fill this gap, this work proposes a resource that allows grouping elements while modeling games. Abstract hierarchical graph grammars are used as theoretical foundation and practical examples of how it fosters abstraction are given. The processes found to be possible to grasp with it are generalization, refining, modularization, nesting and navigation through layers of abstraction.Referências
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Busatto, G., Kreowski, H.-J., and Kuske, S. (2005). Abstract hierarchical graph transformation. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, 15(4):773–819.
da Silva, J. V., da Silva Junior, B. A., Foss, L., and da Costa Cavalheiro, S. A. (2021). Gramers: Agentes pedagógicos para uma plataforma de jogos baseada em gramática de grafos. In Proceedings of the VI Workshop-Escola de Informática Teórica, pages 80–87. SBC.
Ehrig, H., Korff, M., and Löwe, M. (1991). Tutorial introduction to the algebraic approach of graph grammars based on double and single pushouts. In Graph Grammars and Their Application to Computer Science: 4th International Workshop Bremen, Germany, March 5–9, 1990 Proceedings 4, pages 24–37. Springer.
Ezeamuzie, N. O., Leung, J. S., and Ting, F. S. (2022). Unleashing the potential of abstraction from cloud of computational thinking: A systematic review of literature. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 60(4):877–905.
Ferreira, A. P. L. (2005). Object-oriented graph grammars. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
Ferreira, A. P. L., Foss, L., and Ribeiro, L. (2007). Formal verification of object-oriented graph grammars specifications. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 175(4):101–114.
Gautam, A., Bortz, W., and Tatar, D. (2020). Abstraction through multiple representations in an integrated computational thinking environment. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, pages 393–399.
Kakavas, P. and Ugolini, F. C. (2019). Computational thinking in primary education: A systematic literature review. Research on Education and Media, 11(2):64–94.
Mirolo, C., Izu, C., Lonati, V., and Scapin, E. (2022). Abstraction in computer science education: An overview. Informatics in Education, 20(4):615–639.
Qian, Y. and Choi, I. (2022). Tracing the essence: ways to develop abstraction in computational thinking. Educational technology research and development, pages 1–24.
Silva Junior, B. A., Cavalheiro, S. A. C., and Foss, L. (2021). GrameStation: Specifying games with graphs. In Proceedings of the XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, pages 499–511, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Silva Junior, B. A., Cavalheiro, S. A. d. C., and Foss, L. (2017). A última árvore: exercitando o pensamento computacional por meio de um jogo educacional baseado em gramática de grafos. In Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação-SBIE, volume 28, pages 735–744. Porto Alegre: SBC.
Tang, X., Yin, Y., Lin, Q., Hadad, R., and Zhai, X. (2020). Assessing computational thinking: A systematic review of empirical studies. Computers & Education, 148:103798.
Tikva, C. and Tambouris, E. (2021). Mapping computational thinking through programming in k-12 education: A conceptual model based on a systematic literature review. Computers & Education, 162:104083.
Veletsianos, G. and Russell, G. S. (2014). Pedagogical agents. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, pages 759–769.
Vieira, J. M. F. and Zaina, L. A. (2021). Learning trajectories visualizations of students data on the computational thinking context. In Proceedings of the XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, pages 705–717. SBC.
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3):33–35.
Wing, J. M. (2008). Computational thinking and thinking about computing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 366(1881):3717–3725.
Avila, C. M. O. and da Costa Cavalheiro, S. A. (2022). Practical guide for designing activities that integrate curricular content, computational thinking and constructionist theory. In Proceedings of the XXXIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, pages 208–219. SBC.
Busatto, G., Kreowski, H.-J., and Kuske, S. (2005). Abstract hierarchical graph transformation. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, 15(4):773–819.
da Silva, J. V., da Silva Junior, B. A., Foss, L., and da Costa Cavalheiro, S. A. (2021). Gramers: Agentes pedagógicos para uma plataforma de jogos baseada em gramática de grafos. In Proceedings of the VI Workshop-Escola de Informática Teórica, pages 80–87. SBC.
Ehrig, H., Korff, M., and Löwe, M. (1991). Tutorial introduction to the algebraic approach of graph grammars based on double and single pushouts. In Graph Grammars and Their Application to Computer Science: 4th International Workshop Bremen, Germany, March 5–9, 1990 Proceedings 4, pages 24–37. Springer.
Ezeamuzie, N. O., Leung, J. S., and Ting, F. S. (2022). Unleashing the potential of abstraction from cloud of computational thinking: A systematic review of literature. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 60(4):877–905.
Ferreira, A. P. L. (2005). Object-oriented graph grammars. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
Ferreira, A. P. L., Foss, L., and Ribeiro, L. (2007). Formal verification of object-oriented graph grammars specifications. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 175(4):101–114.
Gautam, A., Bortz, W., and Tatar, D. (2020). Abstraction through multiple representations in an integrated computational thinking environment. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, pages 393–399.
Kakavas, P. and Ugolini, F. C. (2019). Computational thinking in primary education: A systematic literature review. Research on Education and Media, 11(2):64–94.
Mirolo, C., Izu, C., Lonati, V., and Scapin, E. (2022). Abstraction in computer science education: An overview. Informatics in Education, 20(4):615–639.
Qian, Y. and Choi, I. (2022). Tracing the essence: ways to develop abstraction in computational thinking. Educational technology research and development, pages 1–24.
Silva Junior, B. A., Cavalheiro, S. A. C., and Foss, L. (2021). GrameStation: Specifying games with graphs. In Proceedings of the XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, pages 499–511, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Silva Junior, B. A., Cavalheiro, S. A. d. C., and Foss, L. (2017). A última árvore: exercitando o pensamento computacional por meio de um jogo educacional baseado em gramática de grafos. In Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação-SBIE, volume 28, pages 735–744. Porto Alegre: SBC.
Tang, X., Yin, Y., Lin, Q., Hadad, R., and Zhai, X. (2020). Assessing computational thinking: A systematic review of empirical studies. Computers & Education, 148:103798.
Tikva, C. and Tambouris, E. (2021). Mapping computational thinking through programming in k-12 education: A conceptual model based on a systematic literature review. Computers & Education, 162:104083.
Veletsianos, G. and Russell, G. S. (2014). Pedagogical agents. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, pages 759–769.
Vieira, J. M. F. and Zaina, L. A. (2021). Learning trajectories visualizations of students data on the computational thinking context. In Proceedings of the XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, pages 705–717. SBC.
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3):33–35.
Wing, J. M. (2008). Computational thinking and thinking about computing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 366(1881):3717–3725.
Publicado
06/11/2023
Como Citar
SILVA JUNIOR, Braz Araujo da; SILVA, Júlia Veiga da; CAVALHEIRO, Simone André da Costa; FOSS, Luciana.
Featuring Layers of Abstraction as a Modeling Resource in an Educational Game-Based Learning Platform. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE INFORMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO (SBIE), 34. , 2023, Passo Fundo/RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
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p. 1874-1885.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2023.235276.
