Digital Twins for Education: A Literature Review
Resumo
The evolution of Virtual Reality (VR) to Digital Twins (DT) represents a significant advancement in the field of immersive and interactive technologies, particularly when aiming to establish a connection between the physical and synthetically generated worlds. This connection provides conditions for simulation, prevention, and optimization of processes and systems in the real environment. The importance of this topic is based on various reasons. Opportunities are envisioned to apply DTs in several industrial sectors, like Education, especially in the areas of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics). These applications can reduce costs and maximize innovation opportunities in the teaching-learning processes, supporting the testing of scenarios and strategies in a safe virtual environment that correlates with real-world implementation. Thus, this paper presents a literature review on the applications of DT in Education, offering a contemporary panorama and pointing out some directions for future research.
Palavras-chave:
Education, Digital Twins, Simulation, Mixed Reality
Referências
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Araujo, R. M., de la Higuera Amato, C. A., Martins, V. F., Eliseo, M. A., & Silveira, I. F. (2020). COVID-19, mudanças em práticas educacionais e a percepção de estresse por docentes do ensino superior no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação, 28, 864-891.
ARUP (2018). Digital Twin – Towards a Meaningful Framework [online], Available at: [link], 2018.
Attaran, M., & Celik, B. G. (2023). Digital Twin: Benefits, use cases, challenges, and opportunities. Decision Analytics Journal, 6, 100165.
Biazus, G. F., & Rieder, C. R. M. (2019). Uso da Tecnologia Assistiva na Educação Inclusiva no Ambiente Escolar: Revisão Sistemática. Revista Educação Especial, 32, 1-15.
Costa, D. L., Abrantes, D., Albert, F., & Bacelar, M. (2018). Revisão bibliográfica dos aspectos e métodos componentes da gamificação na educação. Feedback, 10(1), 6.
Drummond, D., & Gonsard, A. (2024). Patient digital twins: an introduction based on a scoping review. medRxiv, 2024-02.
Dai, R. & Brell-Çokcan, S. (2022) “Digital Twins as Education Support in Construction: A First Development Framework Based on the Reference Construction Site Aachen West”. Construction Robotics 6,1: 75–83. DOI: 10.1007/s41693-022-00070-7.
Erdei, T. I., Krakó, R. & Husi, G. (2022) “Design of a Digital Twin Training Centre for an Industrial Robot Arm”. Applied Sciences 12, 17 : 8862. DOI: 10.3390/app12178862.
Carlberg, M., Kreutzer, S., Smit, J. et al. (2016) Industry 4.0, European Parliament, [link]
Eliseo, M. A., Martins, V. F., de la Higuera Amato, C. A., & Silveira, I. F. (2024). A digital ecosystem with pedagogical aspects to support the creation of accessible educational resources. In A. Rocha, H. Adeli, G. Dzemyda, F. Moreira, & V. Colla (Eds.), Information Systems and Technologies. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 802. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45651-0_44
Fabris, L. L., & Finco, M. D. (2012). Percepção de escolares no uso de laptops educacionais no contexto do projeto UCA. XXIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação.
Garibaldi, L., & Ibarra, M. (2012). Plan Ceibal: Mucho más que distribución de computadoras. Revista Paraguaya de Educación, 19-31.
Hagedorn, L., Riedelsheimer, T. & Stark, R. (2023) “Project-Based Learning In Engineering Education – Developing Digital Twins in a Case Study”. Proceedings of the Design Society 3: 2975–84. DOI: 10.1017/pds.2023.298.
Hong, Y., Zhen, H., Chen, P., Zheng, S., Du, Y., Chen, Z., & Gan, C. (2023). 3d-llm: Injecting the 3d world into large language models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36, 20482-20494.
Hu, Z., Iscen, A., Jain, A., Kipf, T., Yue, Y., Ross, D. A., ... & Fathi, A. (2024, January). SceneCraft: An LLM Agent for Synthesizing 3D Scenes as Blender Code. In Forty-first International Conference on Machine Learning, Vienna, Austria.
Iqbal, J. D., Krauthammer, M., & Biller-Andorno, N. (2022). The use and ethics of digital twins in medicine. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 50(3), 583-596.
Johnson, P., Levine, S., Bonnard, C., Schuerer, K., Pécuchet, N., Gazères, N., & D’Souza, K. (2023). Digital twin for healthcare and lifesciences. In The digital twin (pp. 1023-1044). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Kandasamy, N. K., Venugopalan, S., Wong, T. K. & Leu, N. J. (2022) “An Electric Power Digital Twin for Cyber Security Testing, Research and Education”. Computers and Electrical Engineering 101: 108061. DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108061.
Kangisser, S., Irizarry, J., Watt, K., Borger, R. & Burger, A. (2022) “Integrating Digital Twins in Construction Education Through Hands-on Experiential Learning”. Proceedings of the 39th ISARC, Bogotá, Colombia. DOI: 10.22260/ISARC2022/0035.
Lee, J. Y., Pyon, C. U. & Woo, J. (2023) “Digital Twin for Math Education: A Study on the Utilization of Games and Gamification for University Mathematics Education”. Electronics 12, no 15 : 3207. DOI: 10.3390/electronics12153207.
Liljaniemi, A. & Paavilainen, H. (2020) “Using Digital Twin Technology in Engineering Education – Course Concept to Explore Benefits and Barriers”. Open Engineering 10, no 1: 377–85. DOI: 10.1515/eng-2020-0040.
Luhmann, T., Robson, S., Kyle, S., & Boehm, J. (2023). Close-range photogrammetry and 3D imaging. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
Maciel, M., Passerino, L., & Bez, M. R. (2011). Um computador portátil para os alunos das escolas públicas: Ceibal e UCA. In Anais do XVII Workshop de Informática na Escola (pp. 1576-1579). SBC.
Mathur, A. P. (2023) “Reconfigurable Digital Twin to Support Research, Education, and Training in the Defense of Critical Infrastructure”. IEEE Security & Privacy 21, no 4: 51–60. DOI: 10.1109/MSEC.2023.3281272.
Michael, N., Drakou, M. & Lanitis, A. Model-based generation of personalized full-body 3D avatars from uncalibrated multi-view photographs. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 14169–14195 (2017). DOI: 10.1007/s11042-016-3808-1
NASA - National Research Council, Division on Engineering, Physical Sciences, Aeronautics, Space Engineering Board, & Steering Committee for NASA Technology Roadmaps. (2012). NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities: Restoring NASA's Technological Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space. National Academies Press.
Nikolaev, S., M. Gusev, D. Padalitsa, E. Mozhenkov, S. Mishin, e I. Uzhinsky. “Implementation of ‘Digital Twin’ Concept for Modern Project-Based Engineering Education”. In Chiabert, P. et al. (org), Product Lifecycle Management to Support Industry 4.0, 540:193–203. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01614-2_18.
Ochoa, X., Lang, C., Siemens, G., Wise, A., Gasevic, D., & Merceron, A. (2022). Multimodal learning analytics-Rationale, process, examples, and direction. In The handbook of learning analytics (pp. 54-65).
O’Mahony, N., Campbell, S., Carvalho, A., Harapanahalli, S., Hernandez, G. V., Krpalkova, L., ... & Walsh, J. (2020). Deep learning vs. traditional computer vision. In Advances in Computer Vision: Proceedings of the 2019 Computer Vision Conference (CVC), Volume 1 1 (pp. 128-144). Springer International Publishing.
Or-El, R., Luo, X., Shan, M., Shechtman, E., Park, J. J., & Kemelmacher-Shlizerman, I. (2022). Stylesdf: High-resolution 3d-consistent image and geometry generation. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 13503-13513).
Palmer, C., B. Roullier, M. Aamir, F. McQuade, Leonardo Stella, A. Anjum, e U. Diala. “Digital Twinning Remote Laboratories for Online Practical Learning”. Production & Manufacturing Research 10, no 1 (31 de dezembro de 2022): 519–45. DOI: 10.1080/21693277.2022.2097140.
Pittaluga, L., & Rivoir, A. (2012). One laptop per child and bridging the digital divide: The case of plan CEIBAL in Uruguay. Information Technologies & International Development, 8(4), pp-145.
Pregnolato, M., S. Gunner, E. Voyagaki, R. De Risi, N. Carhart, G. Gavriel, P. Tully, T. Tryfonas, J. Macdonald & C. Taylor. (2022) “Towards Civil Engineering 4.0: Concept, Workflow and Application of Digital Twins for Existing Infrastructure”. Automation in Construction 141: 104421. DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104421.
Qin, R., & Gruen, A. (2021). The role of machine intelligence in photogrammetric 3D modeling–an overview and perspectives. International Journal of Digital Earth, 14(1), 15-31.
Rose, D. (2000). Universal design for learning. Journal of Special Education Technology, 15(4), 47-51.
Rosen, R., Von Wichert, G., Lo, G., & Bettenhausen, K. D. (2015). About the importance of autonomy and digital twins for the future of manufacturing. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(3), 567-572.
Samak, T., Samak, C., Kandhasamy, S., Krovi, V. & Xie, M. (2023) “AutoDRIVE: A Comprehensive, Flexible and Integrated Digital Twin Ecosystem for Autonomous Driving Research & Education”. Robotics 12, no 3: 77. DOI: 10.3390/robotics12030077.
Sepasgozar, S. M. E. (2020) “Digital Twin and Web-Based Virtual Gaming Technologies for Online Education: A Case of Construction Management and Engineering”. Applied Sciences 10, no 13 : 4678. DOI: 10.3390/app10134678.
Siqueira, A.G., Cardoso, A., Martins, V.F., Silveira, I.F. (2024). From Virtual Reality to Digital Twins: The Long and Winding Road. 26th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality [Manuscript accepted for publication];
Song, W., Zhang, X., Guo, Y., Li, S., Hao, A., & Qin, H. (2023). Automatic Generation of 3D Scene Animation Based on Dynamic Knowledge Graphs and Contextual Encoding. International Journal of Computer Vision, 131(11), 2816-2844.
Souza Cruz Ravaglio, A., Muitana, G., da Silva Benites, C., Santana, C., Eliseo, M. A., Silveira, I. F., Martins, V. F., & de la Higuera Amato, C. A. (2023). The idiosyncrasies of digital divide in Brazil: A literature review on initiatives of digital inclusion. In Ł. Tomczyk, F. D. Guillén-Gámez, J. Ruiz-Palmero, & A. Habibi (Eds.), Lecture notes in educational technology (Vol. 1, pp. 59-93). Springer Nature Singapore.
Tomczyk, Ł., Eliseo, M. A., Costas, V., Sanchez, G., Silveira, I. F., Barros, M.-J., & Oyelere, S. S. (2019). Digital divide in Latin America and Europe: Main characteristics in selected countries. Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI 2019). IEEE. DOI: 10.23919/CISTI.2019.8760821
Van der Valk, H., Haße, H., Möller, F., Arbter, M., Henning, J. L., & Otto, B. (2020, August). A Taxonomy of Digital Twins. In AMCIS.
Wu, J., Zhang, C., Xue, T., Freeman, B., & Tenenbaum, J. (2016). Learning a probabilistic latent space of object shapes via 3d generative-adversarial modeling. Advances in neural information processing systems, 29.
Zacher, S. (2020). Digital twins for education and study of engineering sciences. International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology, 2(2), 61-69.
Zalake, M., de Siqueira, A. G., Vaddiparti, K., Antonenko, P., Hamza-Lup, F., & Lok, B. (2020). Towards rapid development of conversational virtual humans using Web3D technologies. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on 3D Web Technology (pp. 1-2).
Zhang, J., Jiang, Z., Yang, D., Xu, H., Shi, Y., Song, G., ... & Feng, J. (2022, October). Avatargen: a 3d generative model for animatable human avatars. In European Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 668-685). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Araujo, R. M., de la Higuera Amato, C. A., Martins, V. F., Eliseo, M. A., & Silveira, I. F. (2020). COVID-19, mudanças em práticas educacionais e a percepção de estresse por docentes do ensino superior no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação, 28, 864-891.
ARUP (2018). Digital Twin – Towards a Meaningful Framework [online], Available at: [link], 2018.
Attaran, M., & Celik, B. G. (2023). Digital Twin: Benefits, use cases, challenges, and opportunities. Decision Analytics Journal, 6, 100165.
Biazus, G. F., & Rieder, C. R. M. (2019). Uso da Tecnologia Assistiva na Educação Inclusiva no Ambiente Escolar: Revisão Sistemática. Revista Educação Especial, 32, 1-15.
Costa, D. L., Abrantes, D., Albert, F., & Bacelar, M. (2018). Revisão bibliográfica dos aspectos e métodos componentes da gamificação na educação. Feedback, 10(1), 6.
Drummond, D., & Gonsard, A. (2024). Patient digital twins: an introduction based on a scoping review. medRxiv, 2024-02.
Dai, R. & Brell-Çokcan, S. (2022) “Digital Twins as Education Support in Construction: A First Development Framework Based on the Reference Construction Site Aachen West”. Construction Robotics 6,1: 75–83. DOI: 10.1007/s41693-022-00070-7.
Erdei, T. I., Krakó, R. & Husi, G. (2022) “Design of a Digital Twin Training Centre for an Industrial Robot Arm”. Applied Sciences 12, 17 : 8862. DOI: 10.3390/app12178862.
Carlberg, M., Kreutzer, S., Smit, J. et al. (2016) Industry 4.0, European Parliament, [link]
Eliseo, M. A., Martins, V. F., de la Higuera Amato, C. A., & Silveira, I. F. (2024). A digital ecosystem with pedagogical aspects to support the creation of accessible educational resources. In A. Rocha, H. Adeli, G. Dzemyda, F. Moreira, & V. Colla (Eds.), Information Systems and Technologies. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 802. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45651-0_44
Fabris, L. L., & Finco, M. D. (2012). Percepção de escolares no uso de laptops educacionais no contexto do projeto UCA. XXIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação.
Garibaldi, L., & Ibarra, M. (2012). Plan Ceibal: Mucho más que distribución de computadoras. Revista Paraguaya de Educación, 19-31.
Hagedorn, L., Riedelsheimer, T. & Stark, R. (2023) “Project-Based Learning In Engineering Education – Developing Digital Twins in a Case Study”. Proceedings of the Design Society 3: 2975–84. DOI: 10.1017/pds.2023.298.
Hong, Y., Zhen, H., Chen, P., Zheng, S., Du, Y., Chen, Z., & Gan, C. (2023). 3d-llm: Injecting the 3d world into large language models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36, 20482-20494.
Hu, Z., Iscen, A., Jain, A., Kipf, T., Yue, Y., Ross, D. A., ... & Fathi, A. (2024, January). SceneCraft: An LLM Agent for Synthesizing 3D Scenes as Blender Code. In Forty-first International Conference on Machine Learning, Vienna, Austria.
Iqbal, J. D., Krauthammer, M., & Biller-Andorno, N. (2022). The use and ethics of digital twins in medicine. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 50(3), 583-596.
Johnson, P., Levine, S., Bonnard, C., Schuerer, K., Pécuchet, N., Gazères, N., & D’Souza, K. (2023). Digital twin for healthcare and lifesciences. In The digital twin (pp. 1023-1044). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Kandasamy, N. K., Venugopalan, S., Wong, T. K. & Leu, N. J. (2022) “An Electric Power Digital Twin for Cyber Security Testing, Research and Education”. Computers and Electrical Engineering 101: 108061. DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108061.
Kangisser, S., Irizarry, J., Watt, K., Borger, R. & Burger, A. (2022) “Integrating Digital Twins in Construction Education Through Hands-on Experiential Learning”. Proceedings of the 39th ISARC, Bogotá, Colombia. DOI: 10.22260/ISARC2022/0035.
Lee, J. Y., Pyon, C. U. & Woo, J. (2023) “Digital Twin for Math Education: A Study on the Utilization of Games and Gamification for University Mathematics Education”. Electronics 12, no 15 : 3207. DOI: 10.3390/electronics12153207.
Liljaniemi, A. & Paavilainen, H. (2020) “Using Digital Twin Technology in Engineering Education – Course Concept to Explore Benefits and Barriers”. Open Engineering 10, no 1: 377–85. DOI: 10.1515/eng-2020-0040.
Luhmann, T., Robson, S., Kyle, S., & Boehm, J. (2023). Close-range photogrammetry and 3D imaging. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
Maciel, M., Passerino, L., & Bez, M. R. (2011). Um computador portátil para os alunos das escolas públicas: Ceibal e UCA. In Anais do XVII Workshop de Informática na Escola (pp. 1576-1579). SBC.
Mathur, A. P. (2023) “Reconfigurable Digital Twin to Support Research, Education, and Training in the Defense of Critical Infrastructure”. IEEE Security & Privacy 21, no 4: 51–60. DOI: 10.1109/MSEC.2023.3281272.
Michael, N., Drakou, M. & Lanitis, A. Model-based generation of personalized full-body 3D avatars from uncalibrated multi-view photographs. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 14169–14195 (2017). DOI: 10.1007/s11042-016-3808-1
NASA - National Research Council, Division on Engineering, Physical Sciences, Aeronautics, Space Engineering Board, & Steering Committee for NASA Technology Roadmaps. (2012). NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities: Restoring NASA's Technological Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space. National Academies Press.
Nikolaev, S., M. Gusev, D. Padalitsa, E. Mozhenkov, S. Mishin, e I. Uzhinsky. “Implementation of ‘Digital Twin’ Concept for Modern Project-Based Engineering Education”. In Chiabert, P. et al. (org), Product Lifecycle Management to Support Industry 4.0, 540:193–203. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01614-2_18.
Ochoa, X., Lang, C., Siemens, G., Wise, A., Gasevic, D., & Merceron, A. (2022). Multimodal learning analytics-Rationale, process, examples, and direction. In The handbook of learning analytics (pp. 54-65).
O’Mahony, N., Campbell, S., Carvalho, A., Harapanahalli, S., Hernandez, G. V., Krpalkova, L., ... & Walsh, J. (2020). Deep learning vs. traditional computer vision. In Advances in Computer Vision: Proceedings of the 2019 Computer Vision Conference (CVC), Volume 1 1 (pp. 128-144). Springer International Publishing.
Or-El, R., Luo, X., Shan, M., Shechtman, E., Park, J. J., & Kemelmacher-Shlizerman, I. (2022). Stylesdf: High-resolution 3d-consistent image and geometry generation. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 13503-13513).
Palmer, C., B. Roullier, M. Aamir, F. McQuade, Leonardo Stella, A. Anjum, e U. Diala. “Digital Twinning Remote Laboratories for Online Practical Learning”. Production & Manufacturing Research 10, no 1 (31 de dezembro de 2022): 519–45. DOI: 10.1080/21693277.2022.2097140.
Pittaluga, L., & Rivoir, A. (2012). One laptop per child and bridging the digital divide: The case of plan CEIBAL in Uruguay. Information Technologies & International Development, 8(4), pp-145.
Pregnolato, M., S. Gunner, E. Voyagaki, R. De Risi, N. Carhart, G. Gavriel, P. Tully, T. Tryfonas, J. Macdonald & C. Taylor. (2022) “Towards Civil Engineering 4.0: Concept, Workflow and Application of Digital Twins for Existing Infrastructure”. Automation in Construction 141: 104421. DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104421.
Qin, R., & Gruen, A. (2021). The role of machine intelligence in photogrammetric 3D modeling–an overview and perspectives. International Journal of Digital Earth, 14(1), 15-31.
Rose, D. (2000). Universal design for learning. Journal of Special Education Technology, 15(4), 47-51.
Rosen, R., Von Wichert, G., Lo, G., & Bettenhausen, K. D. (2015). About the importance of autonomy and digital twins for the future of manufacturing. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(3), 567-572.
Samak, T., Samak, C., Kandhasamy, S., Krovi, V. & Xie, M. (2023) “AutoDRIVE: A Comprehensive, Flexible and Integrated Digital Twin Ecosystem for Autonomous Driving Research & Education”. Robotics 12, no 3: 77. DOI: 10.3390/robotics12030077.
Sepasgozar, S. M. E. (2020) “Digital Twin and Web-Based Virtual Gaming Technologies for Online Education: A Case of Construction Management and Engineering”. Applied Sciences 10, no 13 : 4678. DOI: 10.3390/app10134678.
Siqueira, A.G., Cardoso, A., Martins, V.F., Silveira, I.F. (2024). From Virtual Reality to Digital Twins: The Long and Winding Road. 26th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality [Manuscript accepted for publication];
Song, W., Zhang, X., Guo, Y., Li, S., Hao, A., & Qin, H. (2023). Automatic Generation of 3D Scene Animation Based on Dynamic Knowledge Graphs and Contextual Encoding. International Journal of Computer Vision, 131(11), 2816-2844.
Souza Cruz Ravaglio, A., Muitana, G., da Silva Benites, C., Santana, C., Eliseo, M. A., Silveira, I. F., Martins, V. F., & de la Higuera Amato, C. A. (2023). The idiosyncrasies of digital divide in Brazil: A literature review on initiatives of digital inclusion. In Ł. Tomczyk, F. D. Guillén-Gámez, J. Ruiz-Palmero, & A. Habibi (Eds.), Lecture notes in educational technology (Vol. 1, pp. 59-93). Springer Nature Singapore.
Tomczyk, Ł., Eliseo, M. A., Costas, V., Sanchez, G., Silveira, I. F., Barros, M.-J., & Oyelere, S. S. (2019). Digital divide in Latin America and Europe: Main characteristics in selected countries. Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI 2019). IEEE. DOI: 10.23919/CISTI.2019.8760821
Van der Valk, H., Haße, H., Möller, F., Arbter, M., Henning, J. L., & Otto, B. (2020, August). A Taxonomy of Digital Twins. In AMCIS.
Wu, J., Zhang, C., Xue, T., Freeman, B., & Tenenbaum, J. (2016). Learning a probabilistic latent space of object shapes via 3d generative-adversarial modeling. Advances in neural information processing systems, 29.
Zacher, S. (2020). Digital twins for education and study of engineering sciences. International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology, 2(2), 61-69.
Zalake, M., de Siqueira, A. G., Vaddiparti, K., Antonenko, P., Hamza-Lup, F., & Lok, B. (2020). Towards rapid development of conversational virtual humans using Web3D technologies. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on 3D Web Technology (pp. 1-2).
Zhang, J., Jiang, Z., Yang, D., Xu, H., Shi, Y., Song, G., ... & Feng, J. (2022, October). Avatargen: a 3d generative model for animatable human avatars. In European Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 668-685). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Publicado
04/11/2024
Como Citar
BACHMANN, João Eduardo Cosentino; SILVEIRA, Ismar Frango; MARTINS, Valeria Farinazzo.
Digital Twins for Education: A Literature Review. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE INFORMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO (SBIE), 35. , 2024, Rio de Janeiro/RJ.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 722-736.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2024.242288.
