Mobility Aware RPL (MARPL): Providing Mobility Support for RPL Protocol
Resumo
Low Power and Lossy Network (LLN) is a common type of wireless network in IoT applications. LLN communication patterns usually require an efficient routing protocol. The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Network (RPL) is considered to be the standard routing protocol for LLNs. However, RPL was developed for static networks and node mobility decreases RPL overall performance. These are the aims of the Mobility Aware RPL (MARPL), presented in this paper. MARPL provides a mobility management based on neighbor variability. MARPL is composed by mechanisms for mobility and link disconnection detection, and DIO and DIS transmission adjustment. Performance evaluation obtained through simulations confirms the effectiveness of MARPL regarding packet delivery rate, overhead and residual energy when compared to RPL, mRPL and D-RPL.
Palavras-chave:
Internet das Coisas, Detecção de Mobilidade, Redes Sem Fio
Referências
Bouaziz, M., Rachedi, A., and Belghith, A. (2017). EKF-MRPL advanced mobility support routing protocol for internet of mobile things: Movement prediction approach. Future Generation Computer Systems, pages 19–24.
Cobarzan, C., Montavont, J., and Noel, T. (2014). Analysis and performance evaluation of RPL under mobility. Computers and Communication (ISCC), pages 1–6.
Dunkels, A., Schmidt, O., Finne, N., Eriksson, J., Österlind, F., Tsiftes, N., and Durvy, M. (2011). The Contiki OS: The operating system for the internet of things. Online at http://www.contikios.org. Accessed at December 2018.
Fotouhi, H., Moreira, D., and Alves, M. (2015). mRPL: Boosting mobility in the internet of things. Ad Hoc Networks, pages 17–35.
Fotouhi, H., Zuniga, M., Alves, M., Koubâa, A., and Marrón, P. (2012). Smart-Hop: A reliable handoff mechanism for mobile wireless sensor networks. In European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, pages 131–146, Berlin, Germany. Springer.
Gara, F., Saad, L. B., Hamida, E. B., Tourancheau, B., and Ayed, R. B. (2016). An adaptive timer for RPL to handle mobility in wireless sensor networks. In Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2016 International, pages 678–683, Paphos, Cyprus.
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., and Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7):1645–1660.
Instruments, T. (2007). CC2420 datasheet. Reference SWRS041B, pages 1–93. http://www.ti.com/product/CC2420, December.
Iova, O., Picco, P., Istomin, T., and Kiraly, C. (2016). Rpl: The routing standard for the internet of things... or is it? IEEE Communications Magazine, 54(12):16–22.
Kharrufa, H., Al-Kashoash, H., Al-Nidawi, Y., Mosquera, M. Q., and Kemp, A. H. (2017). Dynamic RPL for multi-hop routing in IoT applications. In Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS), pages 100–103, Jackson, WY, USA. IEEE.
Ko, J. and Chang, M. (2015). MoMoRo Providing Mobility Support for Low-Power Wireless Applications. IEEE Systems Journal, 9(2):585–594.
Navidi, W. and Camp, T. (2004). Stationary distributions for the random waypoint mobility model. IEEE transactions on Mobile Computing, (1):99–108.
Oppitz, M. and Tomsu, P. (2018). Internet of things. In Inventing the Cloud Century, pages 435–469. Springer.
Osterlind, F., Dunkels, A., Eriksson, J., Finne, N., and Voigt, T. (2006). Cross-level sensor network simulation with cooja. In 2006 31st IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, pages 641–648, Tampa, FL, USA. IEEE.
Paul, P. V. and Saraswathi, R. (2017). The internet of things—a comprehensive survey. In Computation of Power, Energy Information and Communication (ICCPEIC), 2017 International Conference on, pages 421–426, Melmaruvathur, India. IEEE.
RFC 6206 (2011). The trickle algorithm. No. RFC 6206, pages 1–13.
RFC 6550 (2012). RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks. No. RFC 6550, pages 1–157.
Sethi, P. and Sarangi, S. R. (2017). Internet of things: architectures, protocols, and applications. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2017:1–26.
Shaphiro, S. and Wilk, M. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality. Biometrika, 52(3):591–611.
Student (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, pages 1–25.
Wilcoxon, F., Katti, S., and Wilcox, R. A. (1970). Critical values and probability levels for the wilcoxon rank sum test and the wilcoxon signed rank test. Selected tables in mathematical statistics, 1:171–259.
Zhao, M., Kumar, A., Chong, P. H. J., and Lu, R. (2017). A comprehensive study of RPL and P2P-RPL routing protocols: Implementation, challenges and opportunities. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 10(5):1232–1256.
Cobarzan, C., Montavont, J., and Noel, T. (2014). Analysis and performance evaluation of RPL under mobility. Computers and Communication (ISCC), pages 1–6.
Dunkels, A., Schmidt, O., Finne, N., Eriksson, J., Österlind, F., Tsiftes, N., and Durvy, M. (2011). The Contiki OS: The operating system for the internet of things. Online at http://www.contikios.org. Accessed at December 2018.
Fotouhi, H., Moreira, D., and Alves, M. (2015). mRPL: Boosting mobility in the internet of things. Ad Hoc Networks, pages 17–35.
Fotouhi, H., Zuniga, M., Alves, M., Koubâa, A., and Marrón, P. (2012). Smart-Hop: A reliable handoff mechanism for mobile wireless sensor networks. In European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, pages 131–146, Berlin, Germany. Springer.
Gara, F., Saad, L. B., Hamida, E. B., Tourancheau, B., and Ayed, R. B. (2016). An adaptive timer for RPL to handle mobility in wireless sensor networks. In Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2016 International, pages 678–683, Paphos, Cyprus.
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., and Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7):1645–1660.
Instruments, T. (2007). CC2420 datasheet. Reference SWRS041B, pages 1–93. http://www.ti.com/product/CC2420, December.
Iova, O., Picco, P., Istomin, T., and Kiraly, C. (2016). Rpl: The routing standard for the internet of things... or is it? IEEE Communications Magazine, 54(12):16–22.
Kharrufa, H., Al-Kashoash, H., Al-Nidawi, Y., Mosquera, M. Q., and Kemp, A. H. (2017). Dynamic RPL for multi-hop routing in IoT applications. In Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS), pages 100–103, Jackson, WY, USA. IEEE.
Ko, J. and Chang, M. (2015). MoMoRo Providing Mobility Support for Low-Power Wireless Applications. IEEE Systems Journal, 9(2):585–594.
Navidi, W. and Camp, T. (2004). Stationary distributions for the random waypoint mobility model. IEEE transactions on Mobile Computing, (1):99–108.
Oppitz, M. and Tomsu, P. (2018). Internet of things. In Inventing the Cloud Century, pages 435–469. Springer.
Osterlind, F., Dunkels, A., Eriksson, J., Finne, N., and Voigt, T. (2006). Cross-level sensor network simulation with cooja. In 2006 31st IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, pages 641–648, Tampa, FL, USA. IEEE.
Paul, P. V. and Saraswathi, R. (2017). The internet of things—a comprehensive survey. In Computation of Power, Energy Information and Communication (ICCPEIC), 2017 International Conference on, pages 421–426, Melmaruvathur, India. IEEE.
RFC 6206 (2011). The trickle algorithm. No. RFC 6206, pages 1–13.
RFC 6550 (2012). RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks. No. RFC 6550, pages 1–157.
Sethi, P. and Sarangi, S. R. (2017). Internet of things: architectures, protocols, and applications. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2017:1–26.
Shaphiro, S. and Wilk, M. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality. Biometrika, 52(3):591–611.
Student (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, pages 1–25.
Wilcoxon, F., Katti, S., and Wilcox, R. A. (1970). Critical values and probability levels for the wilcoxon rank sum test and the wilcoxon signed rank test. Selected tables in mathematical statistics, 1:171–259.
Zhao, M., Kumar, A., Chong, P. H. J., and Lu, R. (2017). A comprehensive study of RPL and P2P-RPL routing protocols: Implementation, challenges and opportunities. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 10(5):1232–1256.
Publicado
06/05/2019
Como Citar
MARQUES, Vinícius de Figueiredo; KNIESS, Janine.
Mobility Aware RPL (MARPL): Providing Mobility Support for RPL Protocol. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 37. , 2019, Gramado.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2019
.
p. 211-223.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2019.7361.
