O Uso da Blockchain no Brasil à luz da Lei 15.042/2024
Resumo
Este artigo analisa a implementação da tecnologia blockchain no Brasil como ponto de verificabilidade da integridade dos projetos de crédito de carbono, com foco na Lei 15.042/2024, que visa regulamentar o mercado de crédito de carbono no âmbito nacional, instituindo o Sistema Brasileiro de Comércio de Emissão de Gases de Efeito Estufa (SBCE). A pesquisa examina o potencial de tecnologias como blockchain, imagens de satélites e drones, internet das coisas e inteligencia artificial para melhorar a rastreabilidade e a verificabilidade, através de um framework em iniciativas do comércio de créditos de carbono, no tocante do art. 25 da Lei, destacando as metodologias existentes, como VERRA e MSCI Carbon Markets. A regulamentação adequada pode impulsionar a inovação e a transparência nas transações digitais e ambientais.Referências
Adigun, O. A., Falola, B. O., Esebre, S. D., Wada, I., Adewuyi, A. T., Olajide, T. D., and Oladokun, P. (2024). Enhancing carbon markets with fintech innovations: The role of artificial intelligence and blockchain. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(2):579–586.
Aryal, K., Maraseni, T., Subedi, B. P., Laudari, H. K., Ghimire, P. L., Khanal, S. C., Zhang, H., and Timilsina, R. (2024). Redd+ at risk: Emerging ten questions that redd+ must answer. Environmental Science Policy, 156:103744.
Dalsgaard, S. (2022). Tales of carbon offsets: between experiments and indulgences? Journal of Cultural Economy, 15(1):52–66.
Delacote, P., L’Horty, T., Kontoleon, A., West, T., Creti, A., Filewod, B., Levelly, G., Guizar-Coutiño, A., Groom, B., and Elias, M. (2024). Strong transparency required for carbon credit mechanisms. Nature Sustainability, 7(6):706–713.
den Besten, J. W., Arts, B., and Verkooijen, P. (2014). The evolution of redd+: An analysis of discursive-institutional dynamics. Environmental Science Policy, 35:40–48.
Feng, Z. (2022). Key Determinants of Achieving Trust in Applying Blockchain to Emission Trading in Finland. Tilburg University e Turun Yliopisto.
(FGV), F. G. V. (2022). O avanço do mercado voluntário de carbono no brasil: desafios e oportunidades. Technical report, Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV).
Filippi, P. D., Mannan, M., and Reijers, W. (2020). Blockchain as a confidence machine: The problem of trust challenges of governance. Technology in Society, 62:101284.
Howson, P., Oakes, S., Baynham-Herd, Z., and Swords, J. (2019). Cryptocarbon: The promises and pitfalls of forest protection on a blockchain. Geoforum, 100:1–9.
Huang, R., Yao, W., Xu, Z., Cao, L., and Shen, X. (2022). Information fusion approach for biomass estimation in a plateau mountainous forest using a synergistic system comprising uas-based digital camera and lidar. arXiv preprint, page 41.
ISO, I. O. f. S. (2019). Iso 14090:2019 - adaptation to climate change — principles, requirements and guidelines.
Kotsialou, G., Kuralbayeva, K., and Laing, T. (2022). Blockchain’s potential in forest offsets, the voluntary carbon markets and redd+. Environmental Conservation, 49(3):137–145.
Macreadie, P., Robertson, A., Spinks, B., Adams, M., Atchison, J., Bell-James, J., Bryan, B., Chu, L., Filbee-Dexter, K., Drake, L., Duarte, C., Friess, D., Gonzalez, F., Grafton, R., Helmstedt, K., Kaebernick, M., Kelleway, J., Kendrick, G., Kennedy, H., and Rogers, K. (2022). Operationalizing marketable blue carbon. One Earth, 5:485–492.
Medina, G., Pereira, C., Ferreira, J., Berenguer, E., and Barlow, J. (2022). Searching for novel sustainability initiatives in amazonia. Sustainability, 14(16):10299.
More, C., Swaby, G., and Wangdi, S. (2019). Por uma distribuição mais equitativa dos custos das alterações climáticas.
MSCI, I. (2024). State of integrity in the global carbon-credit market.
Olawade, D. B., Wada, O. Z., Ige, A. O., Egbewole, B. I., Olojo, A., and Oladapo, B. I. (2024). Artificial intelligence in environmental monitoring: Advancements, challenges, and future directions. Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances, 12:100114.
on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets, T. (2021). Taskforce on scaling voluntary carbon markets: Final report. Technical report, Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets.
PNMC, G. d. B. (2009). Lei nº 12.187, de 29 de dezembro de 2009. institui a política nacional sobre mudança do clima – pnmc e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União.
Popescu, I.-S., Hitaj, C., and Benetto, E. (2021). Measuring the sustainability of investment funds: A critical review of methods and frameworks in sustainable finance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 314:128016.
Prawitasari, P. P., Nurmalasari, M. R., and Kumalasari, P. D. (2024). Blockchain technology in the carbon market: Enhancing transparency and trust in emissions trading. Jurnal Revenue: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 5(2):1495–1521.
Raina, N., Zavalloni, M., and Viaggi, D. (2024). Incentive mechanisms of carbon farming contracts: A systematic mapping study. Journal of Environmental Management, 352:120126.
Singh, S., Kiran, B. R., and Mohan, S. V. (2024). Carbon farming: a circular framework to augment co2 sinks and to combat climate change. Environmental Science Advances, 3:522–542.
Swinkels, L. (2024). Trading carbon credit tokens on the blockchain. International Review of Economics & Finance, 91:720–733. [link]
Tavares, E. C., de Souza Meirelles, F., Tavares, E. C., Cunha, M. A., and Schunk, L. M. (2021). Blockchain in the amazon: creating public value and promoting sustainability. Information Technology for Development, 27:579–598.
Verra (2025). Validation and verification.
Aryal, K., Maraseni, T., Subedi, B. P., Laudari, H. K., Ghimire, P. L., Khanal, S. C., Zhang, H., and Timilsina, R. (2024). Redd+ at risk: Emerging ten questions that redd+ must answer. Environmental Science Policy, 156:103744.
Dalsgaard, S. (2022). Tales of carbon offsets: between experiments and indulgences? Journal of Cultural Economy, 15(1):52–66.
Delacote, P., L’Horty, T., Kontoleon, A., West, T., Creti, A., Filewod, B., Levelly, G., Guizar-Coutiño, A., Groom, B., and Elias, M. (2024). Strong transparency required for carbon credit mechanisms. Nature Sustainability, 7(6):706–713.
den Besten, J. W., Arts, B., and Verkooijen, P. (2014). The evolution of redd+: An analysis of discursive-institutional dynamics. Environmental Science Policy, 35:40–48.
Feng, Z. (2022). Key Determinants of Achieving Trust in Applying Blockchain to Emission Trading in Finland. Tilburg University e Turun Yliopisto.
(FGV), F. G. V. (2022). O avanço do mercado voluntário de carbono no brasil: desafios e oportunidades. Technical report, Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV).
Filippi, P. D., Mannan, M., and Reijers, W. (2020). Blockchain as a confidence machine: The problem of trust challenges of governance. Technology in Society, 62:101284.
Howson, P., Oakes, S., Baynham-Herd, Z., and Swords, J. (2019). Cryptocarbon: The promises and pitfalls of forest protection on a blockchain. Geoforum, 100:1–9.
Huang, R., Yao, W., Xu, Z., Cao, L., and Shen, X. (2022). Information fusion approach for biomass estimation in a plateau mountainous forest using a synergistic system comprising uas-based digital camera and lidar. arXiv preprint, page 41.
ISO, I. O. f. S. (2019). Iso 14090:2019 - adaptation to climate change — principles, requirements and guidelines.
Kotsialou, G., Kuralbayeva, K., and Laing, T. (2022). Blockchain’s potential in forest offsets, the voluntary carbon markets and redd+. Environmental Conservation, 49(3):137–145.
Macreadie, P., Robertson, A., Spinks, B., Adams, M., Atchison, J., Bell-James, J., Bryan, B., Chu, L., Filbee-Dexter, K., Drake, L., Duarte, C., Friess, D., Gonzalez, F., Grafton, R., Helmstedt, K., Kaebernick, M., Kelleway, J., Kendrick, G., Kennedy, H., and Rogers, K. (2022). Operationalizing marketable blue carbon. One Earth, 5:485–492.
Medina, G., Pereira, C., Ferreira, J., Berenguer, E., and Barlow, J. (2022). Searching for novel sustainability initiatives in amazonia. Sustainability, 14(16):10299.
More, C., Swaby, G., and Wangdi, S. (2019). Por uma distribuição mais equitativa dos custos das alterações climáticas.
MSCI, I. (2024). State of integrity in the global carbon-credit market.
Olawade, D. B., Wada, O. Z., Ige, A. O., Egbewole, B. I., Olojo, A., and Oladapo, B. I. (2024). Artificial intelligence in environmental monitoring: Advancements, challenges, and future directions. Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances, 12:100114.
on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets, T. (2021). Taskforce on scaling voluntary carbon markets: Final report. Technical report, Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets.
PNMC, G. d. B. (2009). Lei nº 12.187, de 29 de dezembro de 2009. institui a política nacional sobre mudança do clima – pnmc e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União.
Popescu, I.-S., Hitaj, C., and Benetto, E. (2021). Measuring the sustainability of investment funds: A critical review of methods and frameworks in sustainable finance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 314:128016.
Prawitasari, P. P., Nurmalasari, M. R., and Kumalasari, P. D. (2024). Blockchain technology in the carbon market: Enhancing transparency and trust in emissions trading. Jurnal Revenue: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 5(2):1495–1521.
Raina, N., Zavalloni, M., and Viaggi, D. (2024). Incentive mechanisms of carbon farming contracts: A systematic mapping study. Journal of Environmental Management, 352:120126.
Singh, S., Kiran, B. R., and Mohan, S. V. (2024). Carbon farming: a circular framework to augment co2 sinks and to combat climate change. Environmental Science Advances, 3:522–542.
Swinkels, L. (2024). Trading carbon credit tokens on the blockchain. International Review of Economics & Finance, 91:720–733. [link]
Tavares, E. C., de Souza Meirelles, F., Tavares, E. C., Cunha, M. A., and Schunk, L. M. (2021). Blockchain in the amazon: creating public value and promoting sustainability. Information Technology for Development, 27:579–598.
Verra (2025). Validation and verification.
Publicado
02/06/2025
Como Citar
FREITAS, André L. de S.; ROCHA, Antonio A. de A..
O Uso da Blockchain no Brasil à luz da Lei 15.042/2024. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS COLABORATIVOS (SBSC), 20. , 2025, Manaus/AM.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 28-39.
ISSN 2326-2842.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbsc.2025.6912.
