Low-Cost Embedded Hardware for RF Jamming Detection in IIoT Environments
Resumo
RF jamming attacks compromise the availability of wireless industrial systems regardless of the authentication and encryption state, representing a cyberattack vector capable of inducing operational failures that are difficult to detect. Existing approaches present limitations in complexity, cost, or integration that hinder their adoption in resource-constrained embedded systems. In this context, this work presents a low-cost embedded device for jamming detection, implemented for systems operating at 13.56 MHz or 433 MHz, with a focus on IIoT environments. The prototype was validated on a test bench with a maximum detection latency of 10.24 ms, enabling its use in environments with restricted operational budgets.Referências
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Letafati, M., Kuhestani, A., Behroozi, H., and Ng, D. W. K. (2020). Jamming-resilient frequency hopping-aided secure communication for internet-of-things in the presence of an untrusted relay. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(10):6771–6785.
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Perković, T., Rudeš, H., Damjanović, S., and Nakić, A. (2021). Low-cost implementation of reactive jammer on lorawan network. Electronics, 10(7):864.
Pirayesh, H. and Zeng, H. (2022). Jamming attacks and anti-jamming strategies in wireless networks: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 24:767–809.
Sabic, J., Perkovic, T., Begusic, D., and Solic, P. (2025). Practical realization of reactive jamming attack on long-range wide-area network. Sensors, 25:2383.
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Zahra, F. T., Bostanci, Y. S., and Soyturk, M. (2023). Real-time jamming detection in wireless iot networks. IEEE Access, 11:70425–70442.
Anthi, E., Williams, L., Ieropoulos, V., and Spyridopoulos, T. (2024). Investigating radio frequency vulnerabilities in the internet of things (iot). IoT, 5(2):356–380.
Araújo, P. R., Bortoloto, R. G. O., Faria, D. R. M., and Gomes, O. S. M. (2025). Rf cyber range: Building communication scenarios using software-defined radio for radio frequency vulnerability analysis. In Anais do XXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Cibersegurança (SBSeg), pages 757–773.
Araújo, P. R., Rezende, J. A. M., Faria, D. R. d. M., and Gomes, O. d. S. (2026). Cybersecurity in radio frequency technologies: A scientometric and systematic review with implications for iot and wireless applications. Sensors, 26(2):747.
Bhamidipati, S. and Gao, G. X. (2019). Locating multiple gps jammers using networked uavs. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(2):1816–1828.
ISA/IEC (2007). ISA/IEC 62443 — security for industrial automation and control systems.
ISO/IEC (2018). ISO/IEC 27000:2018 — information security management systems.
Kazim, S. A., Darwich, A., and Marais, J. (2025). GNSS jamming detection with automatic gain control (AGC) and carrier-to-noise ratio density (CNO) observables from a COTS receiver. In 7th SmartRacon Scientific Seminar.
Lee, S. J., Lee, Y. R., Jeon, S. E., and Lee, I. G. (2023). Machine learning-based jamming attack classification and effective defense technique. Computers & Security, 128:103169.
Letafati, M., Kuhestani, A., Behroozi, H., and Ng, D. W. K. (2020). Jamming-resilient frequency hopping-aided secure communication for internet-of-things in the presence of an untrusted relay. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(10):6771–6785.
Ma, S., Wang, H., Zhu, L., and Zhang, Q. (2023). Joint security and resilience control in iiot-based virtual control train sets under jamming attacks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 72(9):11196–11212.
Mittal, A. and Shrivastava, A. (2022). Detecting continuous jamming attack using ultra-low power RSSI circuit. In 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), pages 49–52.
Mugarza, I., Flores, J. L., and Montero, J. L. (2020). Security issues and software updates management in the industrial internet of things (iiot) era. Sensors, 20(24).
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Industrial wireless systems. NIST Programs and Projects. Accessed 2026-04-12.
National Vulnerability Database (NVD) (2021). CVE-2021-40171 detail. National Vulnerability Database (NVD). Accessed 2026-04-8.
National Vulnerability Database (NVD) (2026). CVE-2025-65553 detail. National Vulnerability Database (NVD). Accessed 2026-04-8.
Perković, T., Rudeš, H., Damjanović, S., and Nakić, A. (2021). Low-cost implementation of reactive jammer on lorawan network. Electronics, 10(7):864.
Pirayesh, H. and Zeng, H. (2022). Jamming attacks and anti-jamming strategies in wireless networks: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 24:767–809.
Sabic, J., Perkovic, T., Begusic, D., and Solic, P. (2025). Practical realization of reactive jamming attack on long-range wide-area network. Sensors, 25:2383.
Sormayli, J., Darvishi, M., Zarrinnegar, K., and Mosavi, M. R. (2025). Real-time jamming detection using windowing and hybrid machine learning models for presaturation alerts. Scientific Reports, 15:24748.
Uribe, J. d. J. R., Guillén, E. P., and Cardoso, L. S. (2022). A technical review of wireless security for the internet of things: Software defined radio perspective. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 34(7):4122–4134.
Zahra, F. T., Bostanci, Y. S., and Soyturk, M. (2023). Real-time jamming detection in wireless iot networks. IEEE Access, 11:70425–70442.
Publicado
01/09/2026
Como Citar
ARAÚJO, Patrícia R.; FARIA, Décio R. M.; BORTOLOTO, Raul G. O.; MACHADO, Raphael C. S.; GOMES, Otávio S. M..
Low-Cost Embedded Hardware for RF Jamming Detection in IIoT Environments. In: TRILHA DE INTERAÇÃO COM A INDÚSTRIA E DE INOVAÇÃO - SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE CIBERSEGURANÇA (SBSEG), 26. , 2026, Armação dos Búzios/RJ.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 917-924.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbseg_estendido.2026.27085.
