Application of Software Reengineering in the Accelerated Construction of Ontologies
Abstract
Ontologies are a basic building block of the Semantic Web. As a consequence, a great number of researchers are working in method and techniques to build ontologies through automatic or semi-automatic processes, which perform knowledge acquisition from texts, dictionaries and structured and semi-structured knowledge bases. On the other hand, reverse engineering, when applied to software engineering, uses a collection of theories, methodologies and techniques to support information abstraction and extraction from a piece of software. This paper presents the results of an initial study, which uses reverse engineering techniques applied to ontology engineering, whose goal is to reduce the time consuming task of ontology creation. A case study was developed to test this proposal, which is applied in a educational software, using some OMG standards (UML, MOF and XMI). The ontology obtained represents old knowledge about a specific domain and it can help engineers to build a final ontology
Keywords:
Reverse engineering, Construction of ontologies, Progressive engineering, UML format
References
I. Astrova. Reverse engineering of relational databases to ontologies. In C. Bussler, J. Davies, D. Fensel, and R. Stude, editors, The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, First European Semantic Web Symposium (ESWS), pages 327–341, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 2004. ISBN 3-540-21999-4.
K. Baclawski, M. Kokar, P. Kogut, L. Hart, J. Smith, W. Holmes, J. Letkowski, and M. Aroston. UOL: Unified ontology language. Assorted papers discussed at the DC Ontology SIG Meeting, 2002. http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ontology/2002-11-02.
T. Berners-Lee. The World Wide Web past present and future. http://www.w3.org/2002/04/Japan/Lecture.html, 2002.
E. J. Chikofsky and J. H. Cross II. Reverse engineering and design recovery: A taxonomy. IEEE Software, 7(1):13–17, 1990.
Ó. Corcho, M. Fernández-López, A. Gómez-Pérez, and A. López-Cima. Building legal ontologies with methontology and webode. In Law and the Semantic Web, pages 142–157, 2003.
S. Cranefield. UML and the semantic web. In International Semantic Web Working Symposium, 2001.
A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, and J. Rice. The ontolingua server: A tool for colaborative ontology construction. volume 46, pages 707–728, June 1997.
A. Gómez-Pérez and D. Manzano-Macho. A survey of ontology learning methods and techniques. http://ontoweb.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/Members/ruben/Deliverable, 2003.
M. Grüninger and M. S. Fox. The role of competency questions in enterprise engineering. In Workshop on Bechmarking, Theory and Practice, Trondheim, Norway, 1994. http://www.ie.utoronto.ca/EIL/public/competency.ps.
T. R. Gruber. Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing. 43:907–928, 1995.
N. Guarino. Understanding, building, and using ontologies: a commentary to using explicit ontologies. 46:293–310, 1997.
S. Handschuh. KAON the karlsruhe ontology and semantic web infrastructure. Technical report, Forschungszentrum Informatik Karlsruhe, 2001. http://kaon.semanticweb.org/papers.
I. Jacobson and F. Lindstrom. Reegineering of old systems to an object-oriented architeture. In SIGPLAN Notices, volume 26, pages 340–350, 1991.
R. Karp, V. Chaudhri, and J. Thomere. XOL: AnXML-Based Ontology Exchange Language (version 0.4). www.ai.sri.com/ pkarp/xol, August 1999.
M. Kifer, G. Lausen, and J. Wu. Logical foundations of object-oriented and frame-based languages. J. ACM, 42(4):741–843, 1995.
H. Knublauch. Ontology driven software development in the context of the semantic web: An example, scenario with protégé/owl. 1st International Workshop on the Model-Driven Semantic Web (MDSW2004), 2004.
D. B. Lenat and R. V. Guha. Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems; Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., 1989.
S. Luke and J. Heflin. SHOE 1.01. Proposed Specification SHOE Project. Technical report, University of Maryland, 2000. http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/SHOE/spec1.01.htm.
A. Maedche. Ontology learning for the Semantic Web. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts, 2002. 241p.
OMG. Meta-object facility (MOF). http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/apps/doc?formal/02-04-03.pdf, 2002.
OMG. XML metadata interchange (XMI). http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/2002-01-01, 2002.
OMG. Unified modeling language (UML). http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/apps/doc?formal/03-03-01.zip, 2003.
R. S. Pressman. Engenharia de Software. Mcgraw-Hill Interamericana do Brasil, 2002. 5a. edição.
A. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, H. Akkermans, W. van de Velde, and A. Anjewierden. CML: The CommonKADS conceptual modeling language. In S. et al., editor, Proc. 8th European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (EKAW94) A Future of Knowledge Acquisition. Springer-Verlag, 1994. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 867.
M. Uschold and M. King. Towards a methodology for building ontologies. In IJCAI-95 Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, 1995.
K. Baclawski, M. Kokar, P. Kogut, L. Hart, J. Smith, W. Holmes, J. Letkowski, and M. Aroston. UOL: Unified ontology language. Assorted papers discussed at the DC Ontology SIG Meeting, 2002. http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ontology/2002-11-02.
T. Berners-Lee. The World Wide Web past present and future. http://www.w3.org/2002/04/Japan/Lecture.html, 2002.
E. J. Chikofsky and J. H. Cross II. Reverse engineering and design recovery: A taxonomy. IEEE Software, 7(1):13–17, 1990.
Ó. Corcho, M. Fernández-López, A. Gómez-Pérez, and A. López-Cima. Building legal ontologies with methontology and webode. In Law and the Semantic Web, pages 142–157, 2003.
S. Cranefield. UML and the semantic web. In International Semantic Web Working Symposium, 2001.
A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, and J. Rice. The ontolingua server: A tool for colaborative ontology construction. volume 46, pages 707–728, June 1997.
A. Gómez-Pérez and D. Manzano-Macho. A survey of ontology learning methods and techniques. http://ontoweb.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/Members/ruben/Deliverable, 2003.
M. Grüninger and M. S. Fox. The role of competency questions in enterprise engineering. In Workshop on Bechmarking, Theory and Practice, Trondheim, Norway, 1994. http://www.ie.utoronto.ca/EIL/public/competency.ps.
T. R. Gruber. Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing. 43:907–928, 1995.
N. Guarino. Understanding, building, and using ontologies: a commentary to using explicit ontologies. 46:293–310, 1997.
S. Handschuh. KAON the karlsruhe ontology and semantic web infrastructure. Technical report, Forschungszentrum Informatik Karlsruhe, 2001. http://kaon.semanticweb.org/papers.
I. Jacobson and F. Lindstrom. Reegineering of old systems to an object-oriented architeture. In SIGPLAN Notices, volume 26, pages 340–350, 1991.
R. Karp, V. Chaudhri, and J. Thomere. XOL: AnXML-Based Ontology Exchange Language (version 0.4). www.ai.sri.com/ pkarp/xol, August 1999.
M. Kifer, G. Lausen, and J. Wu. Logical foundations of object-oriented and frame-based languages. J. ACM, 42(4):741–843, 1995.
H. Knublauch. Ontology driven software development in the context of the semantic web: An example, scenario with protégé/owl. 1st International Workshop on the Model-Driven Semantic Web (MDSW2004), 2004.
D. B. Lenat and R. V. Guha. Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems; Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., 1989.
S. Luke and J. Heflin. SHOE 1.01. Proposed Specification SHOE Project. Technical report, University of Maryland, 2000. http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/SHOE/spec1.01.htm.
A. Maedche. Ontology learning for the Semantic Web. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts, 2002. 241p.
OMG. Meta-object facility (MOF). http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/apps/doc?formal/02-04-03.pdf, 2002.
OMG. XML metadata interchange (XMI). http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/2002-01-01, 2002.
OMG. Unified modeling language (UML). http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/apps/doc?formal/03-03-01.zip, 2003.
R. S. Pressman. Engenharia de Software. Mcgraw-Hill Interamericana do Brasil, 2002. 5a. edição.
A. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, H. Akkermans, W. van de Velde, and A. Anjewierden. CML: The CommonKADS conceptual modeling language. In S. et al., editor, Proc. 8th European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (EKAW94) A Future of Knowledge Acquisition. Springer-Verlag, 1994. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 867.
M. Uschold and M. King. Towards a methodology for building ontologies. In IJCAI-95 Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, 1995.
Published
2005-10-26
How to Cite
CANTELE, Regina C.; ADAMATTI, Diana F.; FERREIRA, Maria A. G. V.; SICHMAN, Jaime S..
Application of Software Reengineering in the Accelerated Construction of Ontologies. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS (SBSI), 2. , 2005, Florianópolis.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2005
.
p. 1-8.
ISSN 3086-4836.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2005.14961.
