Critical Success Factors of Agile Transformation Initiatives from a Project Management Perspective
Resumo
Context: Agile methods have been adopted as an alternative to meet the frequent changes in the IT industry and to address issues of quality, cost, speed, and efficiency in systems development processes. Problem: Managers are responsible for the appropriate application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques that can impact the success or failure of an agile transformation initiative. However, there is not much visibility into the critical success factor (CSF) associated with it. Solution: We aim to identify the CSF that affect agile transformation initiatives from a project management perspective. IS Theory: The General Systems Theory provides the basis for this study since the organizational aspects involved in the agile transformation are interrelated and influenced by factors such as environment, culture, information technology, internal management systems, and other elements that may hinder its adoption. Method: We performed a systematic mapping study in the following digital databases: EI Compendex, IEEE, ISI Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Summary of Results: We identified 12 CFS based on 12 studies. The most cited ones were top management support, team empowerment, adapting the process to agile, and customer focus. Adoption of participatory management, good communication, and building strong teams are among the least mentioned CSF. Contributions and Impact in the IS Area: Our results can help organizations in new agile transformation initiatives. Such CSF are interrelated and, if taken into consideration, have an essential effect on the success of the agile transformation. Moreover, management should consider the business through a systemic and holistic view because those CSF can positively impact agile transformation.
Palavras-chave:
Agile Transformation, Agile Software Development, Critical Success Factors, Project Management
Referências
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Victor R Basili1 Gianluigi Caldiera and H Dieter Rombach. 1994. The experience factory. Encyclopedia of Software Eng.: Vol 1 (1994), 469–476.
Martin Calnan and Alon Rozen. 2019. ING's Agile transformation—Teaching an elephant to race. Journal of Creating Value 5, 2 (2019), 190–209.
Amadeu Silveira Campanelli, Dairton Bassi, and Fernando Silva Parreiras. 2017. Agile transformation success factors: a practitioner's survey. In International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. Springer, 364–379.
Amadeu Silveira Campanelli and Fernando Silva Parreiras. 2015. Agile methods tailoring–A systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software 110 (2015), 85–100.
Tsun Chow and Dac-Buu Cao. 2008. A survey study of critical success factors in agile software projects. Journal of systems and software 81, 6 (2008), 961–971.
Jacob Cohen. 1960. A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 20, 1 (1960), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104 arXiv: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104
Kieran Conboy, Sharon Coyle, Xiaofeng Wang, and Minna Pikkarainen. 2011. People over Process: Key Challenges in Agile Development. IEEE Software 28, 4 (2011), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2010.132
Digital.ai. 2021. 15th Annual State Of Agile Report | Resource Center | Digital.ai. [link]. (Accessed on 12/06/2022).
Thaíssa Diirr and Gleison Santos. 2014. Improvement of IT service processes: a study of critical success factors. Journal of Software engineering research and development 2 (2014), 1–21.
Kim Dikert, Maria Paasivaara, and Casper Lassenius. 2016. Challenges and success factors for large-scale agile transformations: A systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software 119 (2016), 87–108.
Tore Dyba, Torgeir Dingsoyr, and Geir K Hanssen. 2007. Applying systematic reviews to diverse study types: An experience report. In First international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement (ESEM 2007). IEEE, 225–234.
Tore Dybå, Torgeir Dingsøyr, and Nils Brede Moe. 2014. Agile project management. In Software project management in a changing world. Springer, 277–300.
Taghi Javdani Gandomani and Mina Ziaei Nafchi. 2015. An empirically-developed framework for Agile transition and adoption: A Grounded Theory approach. Journal of Systems and Software 107 (2015), 204–219.
Taghi Javdani Gandomani, Hazura Zulzalil, Abdul Azim Abdul Ghani, Abu Bakar Md Sultan, and Mina Ziaei Nafchi. 2013. Obstacles in moving to agile software development methods; at a glance. Journal of Computer Science 9, 5 (2013), 620.
Taghi Javdani Gandomani, Hazura Zulzalil, and Mina Ziaei Nafchi. 2014. Agile Transformation: What is it about?. In 2014 8th. Malaysian Software Engineering Conference (MySEC). IEEE, 240–245.
Anastasia Grass, Julia Backmann, and Martin Hoegl. 2020. From empowerment dynamics to team adaptability: exploring and conceptualizing the continuous agile team innovation process. Journal of Product Innovation Management 37, 4 (2020), 324–351.
Miloš Jovanović, Antoni-Lluís Mesquida, Antonia Mas, and Ricardo Colomo-Palacios. 2020. Agile transition and adoption frameworks, issues and factors: a systematic mapping. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 15711–15735.
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Leonardo Lourenco Lacerda and Felipe Furtado. 2018. Factors that help in the implantation of agile methods: A systematic mapping of the liteature. In 2018 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 1–6.
Alok Mishra, Samia Abdalhamid, Deepti Mishra, and Sofiya Ostrovska. 2021. Organizational issues in embracing Agile methods: an empirical assessment. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 12, 6 (2021), 1420–1433.
Mariano Angel Montoni and Ana Regina Cavalcanti da Rocha. 2011. Uma investigação sobre os fatores críticos de sucesso em iniciativas de melhoria de processos de software [An investigation into the critical success factors in software process improvement initiatives]. In Anais do X Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software. SBC, 151–165.
Maria Paasivaara and Casper Lassenius. 2014. Communities of practice in a large distributed agile software development organization–Case Ericsson. Information and Software Technology 56, 12 (2014), 1556–1577.
Matthew J Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick M Bossuyt, Isabelle Boutron, Tammy C Hoffmann, Cynthia D Mulrow, Larissa Shamseer, Jennifer M Tetzlaff, Elie A Akl, Sue E Brennan, et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic reviews 10, 1 (2021), 1–11.
Kai Petersen, Sairam Vakkalanka, and Ludwik Kuzniarz. 2015. Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update. Information and software technology 64 (2015), 1–18.
GUIDE PMBOK. 2013. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide). Fifth Edition 123 (2013), 25.
Fabio Reginaldo and Gleison Santos. 2020. Challenges in Agile Transformation Journey: A Qualitative Study. In Proceedings of the 34th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering. 11–20.
Denis Alcides Rezende and Aline França de Abreu. 2009. Tecnologia da informação aplicada a sistemas de informação empresariais [Information technology applied to business information systems]. São Paulo: Atlas 3 (2009), 30.
Daniel Russo. 2021. The Agile Success Model: A Mixed-methods Study of a Large-scale Agile Transformation. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) 30, 4 (2021), 1–46.
Nancy L Russo, Guy Fitzgerald, and Siamak Shams. 2013. Exploring adoption and use of agile methods: A comparative case study. (2013).
Yogeshwar Shastri, Rashina Hoda, and Robert Amor. 2017. Understanding the roles of the manager in agile project management. In Proceedings of the 10th Innovations in Software Engineering Conference. 45–55.
Danielle RD Silva, André F Santana, Patrícia R Tedesco, Geber L Ramalho, and Hermano Perrelli. 2007. Um Retrato da Gestão de Pessoas em Projetos de Software: A Visão do Gerente vs. A do Desenvolvedor [A Portrait of People Management in Software Projects: The Manager's View vs. Developer's]. XXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenharia de Software, João Pessoa (2007).
Jayakanth Srinivasan and Kristina Lundqvist. 2010. Agile in India: Challenges and lessons learned. In Proceedings of the 3rd India software engineering conference. 125–130.
José Carlos de Toledo, Sérgio Luís da Silva, Glauco Henrique Souza Mendes, and Daniel Jugend. 2008. Fatores críticos de sucesso no gerenciamento de projetos de desenvolvimento de produto em empresas de base tecnológica de pequeno e médio porte [Critical success factors in managing product development projects in small and medium-sized technology-based companies]. Gestão & Produção 15 (2008), 117–134.
Hany Wells, Darren Dalcher, and Hedley Smyth. 2015. The adoption of agile management practices in a traditional project environment: An IT/IS Case Study. In 2015 48th Hawaii international conference on system sciences. IEEE, 4446–4453.
Dave West, Tom Grant, Mary Gerush, and David D'Silva. 2010. Agile development: Mainstream adoption has changed agility. Forrester Research 2, 1 (2010), 41.
Ludwig von Bertalanffy. 1968. General system theory: Foundations, development, applications. G. Braziller.
Christine V Bullen and John F Rockart. 1981. A primer on critical success factors. Center for Information Systems Research Working Paper (1981).
Ruben Burga, Chris Spraakman, Carson Balestreri, and Davar Rezania. 2022. Examining the transition to agile practices with information technology projects: Agile teams and their experience of accountability. International Journal of Project Management 40, 1 (2022), 76–87.
Victor R Basili1 Gianluigi Caldiera and H Dieter Rombach. 1994. The experience factory. Encyclopedia of Software Eng.: Vol 1 (1994), 469–476.
Martin Calnan and Alon Rozen. 2019. ING's Agile transformation—Teaching an elephant to race. Journal of Creating Value 5, 2 (2019), 190–209.
Amadeu Silveira Campanelli, Dairton Bassi, and Fernando Silva Parreiras. 2017. Agile transformation success factors: a practitioner's survey. In International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. Springer, 364–379.
Amadeu Silveira Campanelli and Fernando Silva Parreiras. 2015. Agile methods tailoring–A systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software 110 (2015), 85–100.
Tsun Chow and Dac-Buu Cao. 2008. A survey study of critical success factors in agile software projects. Journal of systems and software 81, 6 (2008), 961–971.
Jacob Cohen. 1960. A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 20, 1 (1960), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104 arXiv: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104
Kieran Conboy, Sharon Coyle, Xiaofeng Wang, and Minna Pikkarainen. 2011. People over Process: Key Challenges in Agile Development. IEEE Software 28, 4 (2011), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2010.132
Digital.ai. 2021. 15th Annual State Of Agile Report | Resource Center | Digital.ai. [link]. (Accessed on 12/06/2022).
Thaíssa Diirr and Gleison Santos. 2014. Improvement of IT service processes: a study of critical success factors. Journal of Software engineering research and development 2 (2014), 1–21.
Kim Dikert, Maria Paasivaara, and Casper Lassenius. 2016. Challenges and success factors for large-scale agile transformations: A systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software 119 (2016), 87–108.
Tore Dyba, Torgeir Dingsoyr, and Geir K Hanssen. 2007. Applying systematic reviews to diverse study types: An experience report. In First international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement (ESEM 2007). IEEE, 225–234.
Tore Dybå, Torgeir Dingsøyr, and Nils Brede Moe. 2014. Agile project management. In Software project management in a changing world. Springer, 277–300.
Taghi Javdani Gandomani and Mina Ziaei Nafchi. 2015. An empirically-developed framework for Agile transition and adoption: A Grounded Theory approach. Journal of Systems and Software 107 (2015), 204–219.
Taghi Javdani Gandomani, Hazura Zulzalil, Abdul Azim Abdul Ghani, Abu Bakar Md Sultan, and Mina Ziaei Nafchi. 2013. Obstacles in moving to agile software development methods; at a glance. Journal of Computer Science 9, 5 (2013), 620.
Taghi Javdani Gandomani, Hazura Zulzalil, and Mina Ziaei Nafchi. 2014. Agile Transformation: What is it about?. In 2014 8th. Malaysian Software Engineering Conference (MySEC). IEEE, 240–245.
Anastasia Grass, Julia Backmann, and Martin Hoegl. 2020. From empowerment dynamics to team adaptability: exploring and conceptualizing the continuous agile team innovation process. Journal of Product Innovation Management 37, 4 (2020), 324–351.
Miloš Jovanović, Antoni-Lluís Mesquida, Antonia Mas, and Ricardo Colomo-Palacios. 2020. Agile transition and adoption frameworks, issues and factors: a systematic mapping. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 15711–15735.
Barbara Kitchenham, Stuart Charters, et al. 2007. Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Keele University, Keele, UK. (2007), 65.
Leonardo Lourenco Lacerda and Felipe Furtado. 2018. Factors that help in the implantation of agile methods: A systematic mapping of the liteature. In 2018 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 1–6.
Alok Mishra, Samia Abdalhamid, Deepti Mishra, and Sofiya Ostrovska. 2021. Organizational issues in embracing Agile methods: an empirical assessment. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 12, 6 (2021), 1420–1433.
Mariano Angel Montoni and Ana Regina Cavalcanti da Rocha. 2011. Uma investigação sobre os fatores críticos de sucesso em iniciativas de melhoria de processos de software [An investigation into the critical success factors in software process improvement initiatives]. In Anais do X Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software. SBC, 151–165.
Maria Paasivaara and Casper Lassenius. 2014. Communities of practice in a large distributed agile software development organization–Case Ericsson. Information and Software Technology 56, 12 (2014), 1556–1577.
Matthew J Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick M Bossuyt, Isabelle Boutron, Tammy C Hoffmann, Cynthia D Mulrow, Larissa Shamseer, Jennifer M Tetzlaff, Elie A Akl, Sue E Brennan, et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic reviews 10, 1 (2021), 1–11.
Kai Petersen, Sairam Vakkalanka, and Ludwik Kuzniarz. 2015. Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update. Information and software technology 64 (2015), 1–18.
GUIDE PMBOK. 2013. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide). Fifth Edition 123 (2013), 25.
Fabio Reginaldo and Gleison Santos. 2020. Challenges in Agile Transformation Journey: A Qualitative Study. In Proceedings of the 34th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering. 11–20.
Denis Alcides Rezende and Aline França de Abreu. 2009. Tecnologia da informação aplicada a sistemas de informação empresariais [Information technology applied to business information systems]. São Paulo: Atlas 3 (2009), 30.
Daniel Russo. 2021. The Agile Success Model: A Mixed-methods Study of a Large-scale Agile Transformation. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) 30, 4 (2021), 1–46.
Nancy L Russo, Guy Fitzgerald, and Siamak Shams. 2013. Exploring adoption and use of agile methods: A comparative case study. (2013).
Yogeshwar Shastri, Rashina Hoda, and Robert Amor. 2017. Understanding the roles of the manager in agile project management. In Proceedings of the 10th Innovations in Software Engineering Conference. 45–55.
Danielle RD Silva, André F Santana, Patrícia R Tedesco, Geber L Ramalho, and Hermano Perrelli. 2007. Um Retrato da Gestão de Pessoas em Projetos de Software: A Visão do Gerente vs. A do Desenvolvedor [A Portrait of People Management in Software Projects: The Manager's View vs. Developer's]. XXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenharia de Software, João Pessoa (2007).
Jayakanth Srinivasan and Kristina Lundqvist. 2010. Agile in India: Challenges and lessons learned. In Proceedings of the 3rd India software engineering conference. 125–130.
José Carlos de Toledo, Sérgio Luís da Silva, Glauco Henrique Souza Mendes, and Daniel Jugend. 2008. Fatores críticos de sucesso no gerenciamento de projetos de desenvolvimento de produto em empresas de base tecnológica de pequeno e médio porte [Critical success factors in managing product development projects in small and medium-sized technology-based companies]. Gestão & Produção 15 (2008), 117–134.
Hany Wells, Darren Dalcher, and Hedley Smyth. 2015. The adoption of agile management practices in a traditional project environment: An IT/IS Case Study. In 2015 48th Hawaii international conference on system sciences. IEEE, 4446–4453.
Dave West, Tom Grant, Mary Gerush, and David D'Silva. 2010. Agile development: Mainstream adoption has changed agility. Forrester Research 2, 1 (2010), 41.
Publicado
29/05/2023
Como Citar
ANDRADE, Álan Júnior Da Cruz; MATTOS, Claudio Saraiva; FORTUNA, Alessandra; RAMOS, Luiz Felipe; SANTOS, Rodrigo Pereira Dos; SANTOS, Gleison.
Critical Success Factors of Agile Transformation Initiatives from a Project Management Perspective. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO (SBSI), 19. , 2023, Maceió/AL.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
