Estratégias crowdsourcing para aplicativos de cidades
Resumo
Crowdsourcing é um modelo de resolução de problemas através da contribuição de um grande número de pessoas e tem entre suas principais vantagens o baixo custo. Por outro lado, smart cities compreendem hoje um desafio multidisciplinar, onde têm-se por objetivo o desenvolvimento sustentável e o aumento da qualidade de vida dos seus habitantes. Assim sendo, vemos no crowdsourcing um recurso capaz de contribuir para construção de smart cities. Este artigo busca investigar a intersecção existente entre os domínios de smart cities e crowdsourcing e descobrir as lacunas e desafios que caracterizam este contexto de aplicações. Como resultado, propomos algumas estratégias para facilitar o desenvolvimento de aplicações crowdsourcing. Estas estratégias são então aplicadas para a construção de diversas aplicações deste tipo, sendo duas delas discutidas no fim do artigo.
Palavras-chave:
Crowdsourcing, smart cities, aplicações, plataforma
Referências
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Bassi Filho, D.L. 2008. Experiências com desenvolvimento ágil, Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de São Paulo.
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Cao, L., and Ramesh, B. 2008. Agile requirements engineering practices: An empirical study. Software, IEEE, v. 25, n. 1, p. 60-67.
Ciscon, L.A. 2009. Um Estudo E Uma Ferramenta De Gerência De Projetos Com Desenvolvimento Ágil De Software. Dissertação De Mestrado. Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais.
Cleland-Huang, J. 2006. Just enough requirements traceability. In Computer Software and Applications Conference, 2006. COMPSAC'06. 30th Annual International IEEE, p. 41-42.
Cleland-Huang, J., Gotel, O.C.Z., Huffman Hayes, J., Mader, P., and Zisman, A. 2014. Software traceability: trends and future directions. In: Proceedings of the on Future of Software Engineering. ACM. p. 55-69.
Collis, J., and Hussey, R. 2005. Pesquisa em administração: um guia prático para alunos de graduação e pós-graduação. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Dall'Oglio, P. 2006 . Uma Ferramenta para Gerenciamento de Requisitos em Projetos Baseados em Extreme Programming.. Monografia. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos.
De Rezende Alves, S., and Alves, A.L., Alves–Especialista, A. L. Engenharia De Requisitos Em Métodologias Ágeis.
Duraisamy, G., and Atan, R. 2013. Requirement Traceability Matrix through Documentation for Scrum Methodology. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, v. 52, n. 2, p. 154-159.
Egyed, A., and Grünbacher, P. 2005. Supporting software understanding with automated requirements traceability. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, v. 15, n. 05, p. 783-810.
Espinoza, A., and Garbajosa, J. 2011. A study to support agile methods more effectively through traceability. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, v. 7, n. 1, p. 53-69.
Franceschi, R.A., and Duarte, A.M.D. 2011. Uma abordagem para gerência de requisitos integrada com práticas ágeis de gerência de projetos.
Genvigir, E.C. 2009. Um modelo para rastreabilidade de requisitos de software baseado em generalização de elos e atributos. Doctoral Thesis. São José dos Campos: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.
Ghazarian, A. 2008. Traceability patterns: an approach to requirement-component traceability in agile software development. In Proceedings of the 8th conference on Applied computer scince. World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS). p. 236-241.
Ghazarian, A. 2010. Reliability in agile softwaref engineering: A dilemma. Technical report, IEEE Reliability Society, East Lansing, Michigan, 2011. 1.
Gotel, O.C.Z., and Finkelstein, A.C.W. 1994. An analysis of the requirements traceability problem. In Requirements Engineering, 1994, Proceedings of the First International Conference on IEEE, 94-101.
Hayes, J.H., Dekhtyar, A., and Janzen, D.S. 2009. Towards traceable test-driven development. In Traceability in Emerging Forms of Software Engineering, 2009. TEFSE'09. ICSE Workshop on IEEE, p. 26-30.
Hayes, J.H., Dekhtyar, A., Sundaram, S.K., Holbrook, E.A., Vadlamudi, S., and April, A. 2007. REquirements TRacing On target (RETRO): improving software maintenance through traceability recovery. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, v. 3, n. 3, p. 193-202.
Hoang Duc, V. 2013. Traceability in Agile software projects. Master Thesis. University of Gothenburg, Chalmers University of Technology.
Jacobsson, M. 2009. Implementing traceability in agile software development. Master Thesis. Department of Computer Science, Lund University.
Jaqueira, A.D.O.P. 2013. Uso de modelos i* para enriquecer requisitos em métodos ágeis. Master Thesis. Departamento de Informática e Matemática Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.
Kääriäinen, J., Koskela, J., Takalo, J., Abrahamsson, P., and Kolehmainen, K. 2003. Supporting requirements engineering in extreme programming: managing user stories. In Proc. 16th International Conference on Software & Systems Engineering and their Applications (ICSSEA 2003).
Khan, H.M., and Arshad, I. 2012. Test-lists Utilization in Test Driven Development: The Role of test-lists in Requirements Traceability. Master Thesis. School of Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology.
Lee, C., Guadagno, L., and Jia, X. 2003. An agile approach to capturing requirements and traceability. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Traceability in Emerging Forms of Software Engineering (TEFSE 2003). Citeseer.
Letelier, P. 2002. A framework for requirements traceability in UML-based projects. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Traceability in Emerging Forms of Software Engineering. p. 30-41.
Li, Y., and Maalej, W. 2012. Which traceability visualization is suitable in this context? a comparative study. In: Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. p. 194-210.
Lucia, A.D., and Qusef, A. 2010. Requirements engineering in agile software development. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence, v. 2, n. 3, p. 212-220.
Malhotra, N. K. 2006. Pesquisa de Marketing. Porto Alegre,Bookman.
Mattar, F., and Motta, S. 2014. Pesquisa de Marketing, 7ª Edição. Elsevier Brasil.
Nascimento, F., Texeira, M., Thiry, M., and Zoucas, A. 2011. Controlle: Ferramenta de Apoio à Gerência de Requisitos.WANPS, 2011.
Paetsch, F., Eberlein, A., and Maurer, F. 2003. Requirements engineering and agile software development. In Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE 2003). Proceedings. Twelfth IEEE International Workshops on. IEEE, 2003. p. 308-313.
Pereira, J.R.R. 2011. Desenvolvimento de um software para métricas em rastreabilidade de requisitos de software. Proposta de Trabalho de Diplomação. Universidade Tcnológica Federal do Paraná, Cornélio Procópio.
Pohl, K., and Rupp, C. 2011. Requirements Engineering Fundamentals: A Study Guide for the Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering Exam-Foundation Level-IREB Compliant.Rocky Nook, Inc.
Qusef, A. 2013. Test-to-code traceability: Why and how? In Applied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (AEECT), 2013 IEEE Jordan Conference on IEEE. p. 1-8.
Ramesh, B., and Jarke, M. 2001. Toward reference models for requirements traceability. Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 27, 58-93.
Reyes, J.M.H., and Ramírez, C.E.. Sistema de control de trazabilidad de requerimientos en ambientes ágiles de desarrollo de software.
Sá Neto, E. L. 2013. Rastreabilidade de Requisitos. Monografia da disciplina de Engenharia de Requisitos. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.
Sayão, M., and Do Prado Leite, J.C.S. 2005. Rastreabilidade de requisitos. RITA, v. 13, n. 1, p. 57-86, 2005.
Sillitti, A., and Succi, G. 2005. Requirements engineering for agile methods. In Engineering and Managing Software Requirements. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, p. 309-326.
Sommerville, I. 2010. Software Engineering. 9th edition – New York- Addison Wesley.
Sommerville, I., and Kotonya, G. 1998. Requirements Engineering: Processes and Techniques. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Stålhane, T., Katta, V., and Myklebust, T. 2014. Change Impact Analysis in Agile Development. EHPG Røros.
Taromirad, M, and Paige, R.F. 2012. Agile requirements traceability using domain-specific modelling languages. In Proceedings of the 2012 Extreme Modeling Workshop ACM, p. 45-50.
Urquiza-Yllescas, J.F. and Martínez-Martínez, A. 2011. Trying to Link Traceability Elements in a General Agile Model Life Cycle.
Vergara, S.C. 2000. Começando a definir a metodologia. Projetos e relatórios de pesquisa em administração, v. 3, p. 46-53.
Arbain, F.B.A., Ghani, I., Kadir, W.M.N.W. 2014. Agile non functional requiremnents (NFR) traceability metamodel. In Software Engineering Conference (MySEC), 2014 8th Malaysian IEEE, p. 228-233.
Bassi Filho, D.L. 2008. Experiências com desenvolvimento ágil, Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de São Paulo.
Beck, K. et al. 2001. Manisfesto Ágil, Manifesto para o Desenvolvimento Ágil de Software. Disponível em http://www.manifestoagil.com.br/index.html. Último acesso: Fevereito, 2016.
Cao, L., and Ramesh, B. 2008. Agile requirements engineering practices: An empirical study. Software, IEEE, v. 25, n. 1, p. 60-67.
Ciscon, L.A. 2009. Um Estudo E Uma Ferramenta De Gerência De Projetos Com Desenvolvimento Ágil De Software. Dissertação De Mestrado. Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais.
Cleland-Huang, J. 2006. Just enough requirements traceability. In Computer Software and Applications Conference, 2006. COMPSAC'06. 30th Annual International IEEE, p. 41-42.
Cleland-Huang, J., Gotel, O.C.Z., Huffman Hayes, J., Mader, P., and Zisman, A. 2014. Software traceability: trends and future directions. In: Proceedings of the on Future of Software Engineering. ACM. p. 55-69.
Collis, J., and Hussey, R. 2005. Pesquisa em administração: um guia prático para alunos de graduação e pós-graduação. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Dall'Oglio, P. 2006 . Uma Ferramenta para Gerenciamento de Requisitos em Projetos Baseados em Extreme Programming.. Monografia. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos.
De Rezende Alves, S., and Alves, A.L., Alves–Especialista, A. L. Engenharia De Requisitos Em Métodologias Ágeis.
Duraisamy, G., and Atan, R. 2013. Requirement Traceability Matrix through Documentation for Scrum Methodology. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, v. 52, n. 2, p. 154-159.
Egyed, A., and Grünbacher, P. 2005. Supporting software understanding with automated requirements traceability. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, v. 15, n. 05, p. 783-810.
Espinoza, A., and Garbajosa, J. 2011. A study to support agile methods more effectively through traceability. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, v. 7, n. 1, p. 53-69.
Franceschi, R.A., and Duarte, A.M.D. 2011. Uma abordagem para gerência de requisitos integrada com práticas ágeis de gerência de projetos.
Genvigir, E.C. 2009. Um modelo para rastreabilidade de requisitos de software baseado em generalização de elos e atributos. Doctoral Thesis. São José dos Campos: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.
Ghazarian, A. 2008. Traceability patterns: an approach to requirement-component traceability in agile software development. In Proceedings of the 8th conference on Applied computer scince. World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS). p. 236-241.
Ghazarian, A. 2010. Reliability in agile softwaref engineering: A dilemma. Technical report, IEEE Reliability Society, East Lansing, Michigan, 2011. 1.
Gotel, O.C.Z., and Finkelstein, A.C.W. 1994. An analysis of the requirements traceability problem. In Requirements Engineering, 1994, Proceedings of the First International Conference on IEEE, 94-101.
Hayes, J.H., Dekhtyar, A., and Janzen, D.S. 2009. Towards traceable test-driven development. In Traceability in Emerging Forms of Software Engineering, 2009. TEFSE'09. ICSE Workshop on IEEE, p. 26-30.
Hayes, J.H., Dekhtyar, A., Sundaram, S.K., Holbrook, E.A., Vadlamudi, S., and April, A. 2007. REquirements TRacing On target (RETRO): improving software maintenance through traceability recovery. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, v. 3, n. 3, p. 193-202.
Hoang Duc, V. 2013. Traceability in Agile software projects. Master Thesis. University of Gothenburg, Chalmers University of Technology.
Jacobsson, M. 2009. Implementing traceability in agile software development. Master Thesis. Department of Computer Science, Lund University.
Jaqueira, A.D.O.P. 2013. Uso de modelos i* para enriquecer requisitos em métodos ágeis. Master Thesis. Departamento de Informática e Matemática Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.
Kääriäinen, J., Koskela, J., Takalo, J., Abrahamsson, P., and Kolehmainen, K. 2003. Supporting requirements engineering in extreme programming: managing user stories. In Proc. 16th International Conference on Software & Systems Engineering and their Applications (ICSSEA 2003).
Khan, H.M., and Arshad, I. 2012. Test-lists Utilization in Test Driven Development: The Role of test-lists in Requirements Traceability. Master Thesis. School of Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology.
Lee, C., Guadagno, L., and Jia, X. 2003. An agile approach to capturing requirements and traceability. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Traceability in Emerging Forms of Software Engineering (TEFSE 2003). Citeseer.
Letelier, P. 2002. A framework for requirements traceability in UML-based projects. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Traceability in Emerging Forms of Software Engineering. p. 30-41.
Li, Y., and Maalej, W. 2012. Which traceability visualization is suitable in this context? a comparative study. In: Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. p. 194-210.
Lucia, A.D., and Qusef, A. 2010. Requirements engineering in agile software development. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence, v. 2, n. 3, p. 212-220.
Malhotra, N. K. 2006. Pesquisa de Marketing. Porto Alegre,Bookman.
Mattar, F., and Motta, S. 2014. Pesquisa de Marketing, 7ª Edição. Elsevier Brasil.
Nascimento, F., Texeira, M., Thiry, M., and Zoucas, A. 2011. Controlle: Ferramenta de Apoio à Gerência de Requisitos.WANPS, 2011.
Paetsch, F., Eberlein, A., and Maurer, F. 2003. Requirements engineering and agile software development. In Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE 2003). Proceedings. Twelfth IEEE International Workshops on. IEEE, 2003. p. 308-313.
Pereira, J.R.R. 2011. Desenvolvimento de um software para métricas em rastreabilidade de requisitos de software. Proposta de Trabalho de Diplomação. Universidade Tcnológica Federal do Paraná, Cornélio Procópio.
Pohl, K., and Rupp, C. 2011. Requirements Engineering Fundamentals: A Study Guide for the Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering Exam-Foundation Level-IREB Compliant.Rocky Nook, Inc.
Qusef, A. 2013. Test-to-code traceability: Why and how? In Applied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (AEECT), 2013 IEEE Jordan Conference on IEEE. p. 1-8.
Ramesh, B., and Jarke, M. 2001. Toward reference models for requirements traceability. Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 27, 58-93.
Reyes, J.M.H., and Ramírez, C.E.. Sistema de control de trazabilidad de requerimientos en ambientes ágiles de desarrollo de software.
Sá Neto, E. L. 2013. Rastreabilidade de Requisitos. Monografia da disciplina de Engenharia de Requisitos. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.
Sayão, M., and Do Prado Leite, J.C.S. 2005. Rastreabilidade de requisitos. RITA, v. 13, n. 1, p. 57-86, 2005.
Sillitti, A., and Succi, G. 2005. Requirements engineering for agile methods. In Engineering and Managing Software Requirements. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, p. 309-326.
Sommerville, I. 2010. Software Engineering. 9th edition – New York- Addison Wesley.
Sommerville, I., and Kotonya, G. 1998. Requirements Engineering: Processes and Techniques. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Stålhane, T., Katta, V., and Myklebust, T. 2014. Change Impact Analysis in Agile Development. EHPG Røros.
Taromirad, M, and Paige, R.F. 2012. Agile requirements traceability using domain-specific modelling languages. In Proceedings of the 2012 Extreme Modeling Workshop ACM, p. 45-50.
Urquiza-Yllescas, J.F. and Martínez-Martínez, A. 2011. Trying to Link Traceability Elements in a General Agile Model Life Cycle.
Vergara, S.C. 2000. Começando a definir a metodologia. Projetos e relatórios de pesquisa em administração, v. 3, p. 46-53.
Publicado
17/05/2016
Como Citar
QUIRINO, Wancharle S.; SANTOS, Celso A. S.; CALLES, Juan X. E. A.; TINELLI, Fernando F..
Estratégias crowdsourcing para aplicativos de cidades. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO (SBSI), 12. , 2016, Florianópolis.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2016
.
p. 510-517.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2016.6001.
