Avaliação do desempenho de redes LLNs baseadas nas recomendações 6LoWPAN e RPL
Resumo
Um trabalho importante por parte do IETF vem sendo realizado com o objetivo de introduzir o protocolo IPv6 nas LLNs (Low-power and Lossy Networks). Um dos objetivos desse esforço é facilitar o uso compartilhado, por diferentes aplicações, de uma variedade de dispositivos inteligentes de sensoreamento (como é o caso das aplicações voltadas para o contexto de "cidades inteligentes"). Duas das recomendações do IETF para essa finalidade se destacam: a camada de adaptação 6LoWPAN (RFC6282) e o protocolo de roteamento RPL (RFC6550). Neste artigo, avaliamos o desempenho geral de uma LLN — em termos de eficiência, consumo de memória e tolerância a falhas — usando como referência duas implementações open source das recomendações IETF no contexto de redes de sensores sem fio.Referências
Cody-Kenny, B., Guerin, D., Ennis, D., Simon Carbajo, R., Huggard, M., and Mc Goldrick, C. (2009). Performance evaluation of the 6LoWPAN protocol on MicaZ and TelosB motes. In 4th ACM workshop on Performance monitoring and measurement of heterogeneous wireless and wired networks, pages 25–30. ACM Press.
Contiki-COOJA (2012). http://www.contiki-os.org.
Couto, D., Aguayo, D., Bicket, J., and Morris, R. (2005). A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. Wireless Networks, 11(4):419–434.
Dunkels, A. (2003). Full TCP/IP for 8-bit architectures. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mobile Systems Applications and Services (MobiSys), pages 85–98. ACM Press.
Dunkels, A., Gronvall, B., and Voigt, T. (2004). Contiki — a lightweight and exible operating system for tiny networked sensors. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks, pages 455–462. IEEE.
Hill, J., Szewczyk, R., Woo, A., Hollar, S., Culler, D., and Pister, K. (2000). System architecture directions for networked sensors. In 9th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 93–104. ACM Press.
Hui, J. (2008). Compression format for IPv6 datagrams in 6LoWPAN networks. draftietf-6lowpan-hc-01.
Hui, J. and Culler, D. (2008). IP is dead, long live IP for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys), pages 15–28. ACM Press.
Hui, J., Shelby, Z., and Culler, D. (2007). Interoperability test for 6LoWPAN. draft-ietf6lowpan-interop-00.
Hui, J. and Thubert, P. (2009). Compression format for IPv6 datagrams in 6LoWPAN networks. draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-06.
Hui, J. and Thubert, P. (2011). Compression format for IPv6 datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-based networks. RFC6282.
Ko, J., Dawson-Haggerty, S., Gnawali, O., Culler, D., and Terzis, A. (2011a). Evaluating the performance of RPL and 6LoWPAN in TinyOS. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Extending the Internet to Low power and Lossy Networks (IPSN/2011). ACM Press.
Ko, J., Eriksson, J., Tsiftes, N., Dawson-Haggerty, S., Terzis, A., Dunkels, A., and Culler, D. (2011b). ContikiRPL and TinyRPL: happy together. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Extending the Internet to Low power and Lossy Networks (IPSN 2011).
Ko, J. G., Eriksson, J., Tsiftes, N., Dawson-Haggerty, S., Vasseur, J. P., Durvy, M., Terzis, A., Dunkels, A., and Culler, D. (2011c). Beyond interoperability–pushing the performance of sensor network IP stacks. In ACM SenSys’11.
Korte, K., Sehgal, A., and Schönwälder, J. (2012). A study of the RPL repair process using ContikiRPL. Dependable Networks and Services, pages 50–61.
Kushalnagar, N., Montenegro, G., and Schumacher, C. (2007). IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPANs): Overview, assumptions, problem statement, and goals. RFC4919.
Levis, P., Clausen, T., Hui, J., Gnawali, O., and Ko, J. (2011). The trickle algorithm. RFC6206.
Montenegro, G., Kushalnagar, N., Hui, J., and Culler, D. (2007). Transmission of IPv6 packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks. RFC4944.
Thubert, P. (2011). RPL objective function zero. draft-ietf-roll-of0-20.
TinyOS-Blip (2012). http://docs.tinyos.net/tinywiki/index.php/blip2.0.
Winter, T. and et.al. (2010). RPL: IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks. draft-ietf-roll-rpl-17.
Winter, T. and et.al. (2012). Rpl: IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks. RFC6550.
Contiki-COOJA (2012). http://www.contiki-os.org.
Couto, D., Aguayo, D., Bicket, J., and Morris, R. (2005). A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. Wireless Networks, 11(4):419–434.
Dunkels, A. (2003). Full TCP/IP for 8-bit architectures. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mobile Systems Applications and Services (MobiSys), pages 85–98. ACM Press.
Dunkels, A., Gronvall, B., and Voigt, T. (2004). Contiki — a lightweight and exible operating system for tiny networked sensors. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks, pages 455–462. IEEE.
Hill, J., Szewczyk, R., Woo, A., Hollar, S., Culler, D., and Pister, K. (2000). System architecture directions for networked sensors. In 9th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 93–104. ACM Press.
Hui, J. (2008). Compression format for IPv6 datagrams in 6LoWPAN networks. draftietf-6lowpan-hc-01.
Hui, J. and Culler, D. (2008). IP is dead, long live IP for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys), pages 15–28. ACM Press.
Hui, J., Shelby, Z., and Culler, D. (2007). Interoperability test for 6LoWPAN. draft-ietf6lowpan-interop-00.
Hui, J. and Thubert, P. (2009). Compression format for IPv6 datagrams in 6LoWPAN networks. draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-06.
Hui, J. and Thubert, P. (2011). Compression format for IPv6 datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-based networks. RFC6282.
Ko, J., Dawson-Haggerty, S., Gnawali, O., Culler, D., and Terzis, A. (2011a). Evaluating the performance of RPL and 6LoWPAN in TinyOS. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Extending the Internet to Low power and Lossy Networks (IPSN/2011). ACM Press.
Ko, J., Eriksson, J., Tsiftes, N., Dawson-Haggerty, S., Terzis, A., Dunkels, A., and Culler, D. (2011b). ContikiRPL and TinyRPL: happy together. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Extending the Internet to Low power and Lossy Networks (IPSN 2011).
Ko, J. G., Eriksson, J., Tsiftes, N., Dawson-Haggerty, S., Vasseur, J. P., Durvy, M., Terzis, A., Dunkels, A., and Culler, D. (2011c). Beyond interoperability–pushing the performance of sensor network IP stacks. In ACM SenSys’11.
Korte, K., Sehgal, A., and Schönwälder, J. (2012). A study of the RPL repair process using ContikiRPL. Dependable Networks and Services, pages 50–61.
Kushalnagar, N., Montenegro, G., and Schumacher, C. (2007). IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPANs): Overview, assumptions, problem statement, and goals. RFC4919.
Levis, P., Clausen, T., Hui, J., Gnawali, O., and Ko, J. (2011). The trickle algorithm. RFC6206.
Montenegro, G., Kushalnagar, N., Hui, J., and Culler, D. (2007). Transmission of IPv6 packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks. RFC4944.
Thubert, P. (2011). RPL objective function zero. draft-ietf-roll-of0-20.
TinyOS-Blip (2012). http://docs.tinyos.net/tinywiki/index.php/blip2.0.
Winter, T. and et.al. (2010). RPL: IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks. draft-ietf-roll-rpl-17.
Winter, T. and et.al. (2012). Rpl: IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks. RFC6550.
Publicado
23/07/2013
Como Citar
SILVESTRE, Bruno; PEREIRA FILHO, José Gonçalves; ROSSETTO, Silvana; BARCELLOS, Vinicius.
Avaliação do desempenho de redes LLNs baseadas nas recomendações 6LoWPAN e RPL. In: SEMINÁRIO INTEGRADO DE SOFTWARE E HARDWARE (SEMISH), 40. , 2013, Maceió.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2013
.
p. 356-367.
ISSN 2595-6205.
