Revisão Sistemática sobre princípios de design de aplicações web acessíveis para analfabetos funcionais
Resumo
O tema Acessibilidade na web tem por finalidade a implementação de processos e recomendações que conduzam ao desenvolvimento de interfaces que tenham seu acesso garantido por usuários, independentemente das necessidades especiais que possam ser apresentadas por eles. No entanto, poucos estudos têm como foco o desenvolvimento dessas aplicações web para indivíduos com baixo nível de escolaridade (analfabetos e analfabetos funcionais), embora existam trabalhos que desenvolvam esse tema em aplicações locais. Considerando isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo a identificação de princípios que permitam o acesso a aplicações web por usuários analfabetos e analfabetos funcionais. Esses princípios foram extraídos de estudos da área de Interface Humano Computador pelo processo de revisão sistemática.Referências
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Allen, J. (2005). Designing desirability in an augmentative and alternative communication device. Univers. Access Inf. Soc., 4(2):135–145.
Aluisio, S. M., Specia, L., Pardo, T. A., Maziero, E. G., and Fortes, R. P. (2008). Towards brazilian portuguese automatic text simplification systems. In DocEng ’08: Proceeding of the eighth ACM symposium on Document engineering, pages 240–248, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Axelsson, J., Cross, C., Ferrans, J., McCobb, G., Raman, T. V., and Wilson, L. (2004). Xhtml+voice profile 1.2. Technical report.
Becker, S. A. (2004). A study of web usability for older adults seeking online health resources. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., 11(4):387–406.
Beyer, H. and Holtzblatt, K. (1999). Contextual design. interactions, 6(1):32–42.
Blake, E. H. (2002). Extended abstract a field computer for animal trackers. CHI ’02: CHI ’02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pages 532–533.
Boucheix, J.-M. (2004). Multimedia simulation and comprehension aid for complex technical documents: A course for crane drivers. ICALT ’04: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pages 898–899.
Cervantes, R. and Sambasivan, N. (2008). Voicelist: user-driven telephone-based audio content. MobileHCI ’08: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services, pages 499–500.
Dahlback, N., Jonsson, A., and Ahrenberg, L. (1993). Wizard of oz studies: why and how. In IUI ’93: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, pages 193–200, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Freire, A. P., Goularte, R., and de Mattos Fortes, R. P. (2007). Techniques for developing more accessible web applications: a survey towards a process classification. In SIGDOC ’07: Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM international conference on Design of communication, pages 162–169, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Fulcher, J., Gluck, R., Worthy, M., Draisma, K., and Vialle, W. (2003). A neural network, speech-based approach to literacy. ISICT ’03: Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Information and communication technologies, pages 40–45.
Ghosh, K., Parikh, T. S., and Chavan, A. L. (2003). Design considerations for a financial management system for rural, semi-literate users. CHI ’03: CHI ’03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pages 824–825.
Hahn, E. A., Cella, D., Dobrez, D., Shiomoto, G., Marcus, E., Taylor, S. G., Vohra, M., Chang, C.-H., Wright, B. D., Linacre, J. M., Weiss, B. D., Valenzuela, V., Chiang, H.-L., and Webster, K. (2004). The talking touchscreen: A new approach to outcomes assessment in low literacy. Psycho-Oncology, Volume 13, Issue 2:86–95.
Hemmings, T. and Crabtree, A. (2002). Ethnography for design? International Workshop on ”Interpretive”Approaches to Information Systems and Computing Research.
IBGE (2008). Síntese dos indicadores sociais - uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira. disponível em: [link].
Jibaja-Weiss, M. L., Volk, R. J., Friedman, L. C., Granchi, T. S., Neff, N. E., Spann, S. J., Robinson, E. K., Aoki, N., and Beck, J. R. (2006). Preliminary testing of a just-in-time, user-defined values clarification exercise to aid lower literate women in making informed breast cancer treatment decisions. Health Expectations, Volume 9, Issue 3:218–231.
Jones, M., Harwood, W., Buchanan, G., and Lalmas, M. (2007). Storybank: an indian village community digital library. JCDL ’07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, pages 257–258.
Joshi, A., Welankar, N., BL, N., Kanitkar, K., and Sheikh, R. (2008). Rangoli: a visual phonebook for low-literate users. MobileHCI ’08: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services, pages 217–223.
Kelly, B., Sloan, D., Phipps, L., Petrie, H., and Hamilton, F. (2005). Forcing standardization or accommodating diversity?: a framework for applying the wcag in the real world. In W4A ’05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A), pages 46–54, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Technical report, Keele University and NICTA.
Kumar, A., Rajput, N., Chakraborty, D., Agarwal, S. K., and Nanavati, A. A. (2007a). Voiserv: Creation and delivery of converged services through voice for emerging economies. World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2007. WoWMoM 2007. IEEE International Symposium on a, pages 1–8.
Kumar, A., Rajput, N., Chakraborty, D., Agarwal, S. K., and Nanavati, A. A. (2007b). Wwtw: the world wide telecom web. NSDR ’07: Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Networked systems for developing regions, pages 1–6.
Martins, I. H., de Carvalho, L. A. V., Ferreira, L., do Socorro Martins Calháu, M., and Benício, M. L. T. (2003). Man-computer interaction aspects in systems for the young people and non-alphabetized adults. CLIHC ’03: Proceedings of the Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction, pages 235–238.
Medhi, I., Prasad, A., and Toyama, K. (2007a). Optimal audio-visual representations for illiterate users of computers. WWW ’07: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web, pages 873–882.
Medhi, I., Sagar, A., and Toyama, K. (2007b). Text-free user interfaces for illiterate and semiliterate users. Inf. Technol. Int. Dev., 4(1):37–50.
Nielsen, J. (1994). Ten usability heuristics. disponível em: [link].
Nielsen, J. and Molich, R. (1990). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. In CHI ’90: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 249–256, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Parikh, T., Ghosh, K., and Chavan, A. (2003). Design studies for a financial management system for micro-credit groups in rural india. CUU ’03: Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Universal usability, pages 15–22.
Petta, T. D. and Woloshyn, V. E. (2001). Voice recognition for on-line literacy: Continuous voice recognition technology in adult literacy training. Education and Information Technologies, 6(4):225–240.
Plauche, M., Nallasamy, U., Pal, J., Wooters, C., and Ramachandran, D. (2006). Speech recognition for illiterate access to information and technology. Information and Communication Technologies and Development, 2006. ICTD ’06. International Conference on, pages 83–92.
Plauché, M. and Prabaker, M. (2006). Tamil market: a spoken dialog system for rural india. CHI ’06: CHI ’06 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pages 1619–1624.
Prasad, A., Medhi, I., Toyama, K., and Balakrishnan, R. (2008). Exploring the feasibility of video mail for illiterate users. AVI ’08: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, pages 103–110.
Sevilla, J., Herrera, G., Martinez, B., and Alcantud, F. (2007). Web accessibility for individuals with cognitive deficits: A comparative study between an existing commercial web and its cognitively accessible equivalent. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., 14(3):12.
Shakeel, H. and Best, M. (2002). Community knowledge sharing: an internet application to support communications across literacy levels. Technology and Society, 2002. (ISTAS’02). 2002 International Symposium on, pages 37–44.
Summers, K., Langford, J., Wu, J., Abela, C., and Souza, R. (2006). Designing web-based forms for users with lower literacy skills. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Volume 43, Issue 1:174.
Taoufik, I., Kabaili, H., and Kettani, D. (2007). Designing an e-government portal accessible to illiterate citizens. ICEGOV ’07: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Theory and practice of electronic governance, pages 327–336.
W3C (1999). Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0. W3C Recommendation. Disponível em: [link].
W3C (2008a). A guide to understanding and implementing web content accessibility guidelines 2.0. W3C Working Group Note. Disponível em: [link].
W3C (2008b). Web content accessibility guidelines (wcag) 2.0. W3C Recommendation. Disponível em: [link].
Walsh, P. and Meade, J. (2003). Speech enabled e-learning for adult literacy tutoring. Advanced Learning Technologies, 2003. Proceedings. The 3rd IEEE International Conference on, pages 17–21.
Akan, K., Farrell, S., Zerull, L., Mahone, I., and Guerlain, S. (2006). escreening: Developing an electronic screening tool for rural primary care. Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium, 2006 IEEE, pages 212–215.
Allen, J. (2005). Designing desirability in an augmentative and alternative communication device. Univers. Access Inf. Soc., 4(2):135–145.
Aluisio, S. M., Specia, L., Pardo, T. A., Maziero, E. G., and Fortes, R. P. (2008). Towards brazilian portuguese automatic text simplification systems. In DocEng ’08: Proceeding of the eighth ACM symposium on Document engineering, pages 240–248, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Axelsson, J., Cross, C., Ferrans, J., McCobb, G., Raman, T. V., and Wilson, L. (2004). Xhtml+voice profile 1.2. Technical report.
Becker, S. A. (2004). A study of web usability for older adults seeking online health resources. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., 11(4):387–406.
Beyer, H. and Holtzblatt, K. (1999). Contextual design. interactions, 6(1):32–42.
Blake, E. H. (2002). Extended abstract a field computer for animal trackers. CHI ’02: CHI ’02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pages 532–533.
Boucheix, J.-M. (2004). Multimedia simulation and comprehension aid for complex technical documents: A course for crane drivers. ICALT ’04: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pages 898–899.
Cervantes, R. and Sambasivan, N. (2008). Voicelist: user-driven telephone-based audio content. MobileHCI ’08: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services, pages 499–500.
Dahlback, N., Jonsson, A., and Ahrenberg, L. (1993). Wizard of oz studies: why and how. In IUI ’93: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, pages 193–200, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Freire, A. P., Goularte, R., and de Mattos Fortes, R. P. (2007). Techniques for developing more accessible web applications: a survey towards a process classification. In SIGDOC ’07: Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM international conference on Design of communication, pages 162–169, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Fulcher, J., Gluck, R., Worthy, M., Draisma, K., and Vialle, W. (2003). A neural network, speech-based approach to literacy. ISICT ’03: Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Information and communication technologies, pages 40–45.
Ghosh, K., Parikh, T. S., and Chavan, A. L. (2003). Design considerations for a financial management system for rural, semi-literate users. CHI ’03: CHI ’03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pages 824–825.
Hahn, E. A., Cella, D., Dobrez, D., Shiomoto, G., Marcus, E., Taylor, S. G., Vohra, M., Chang, C.-H., Wright, B. D., Linacre, J. M., Weiss, B. D., Valenzuela, V., Chiang, H.-L., and Webster, K. (2004). The talking touchscreen: A new approach to outcomes assessment in low literacy. Psycho-Oncology, Volume 13, Issue 2:86–95.
Hemmings, T. and Crabtree, A. (2002). Ethnography for design? International Workshop on ”Interpretive”Approaches to Information Systems and Computing Research.
IBGE (2008). Síntese dos indicadores sociais - uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira. disponível em: [link].
Jibaja-Weiss, M. L., Volk, R. J., Friedman, L. C., Granchi, T. S., Neff, N. E., Spann, S. J., Robinson, E. K., Aoki, N., and Beck, J. R. (2006). Preliminary testing of a just-in-time, user-defined values clarification exercise to aid lower literate women in making informed breast cancer treatment decisions. Health Expectations, Volume 9, Issue 3:218–231.
Jones, M., Harwood, W., Buchanan, G., and Lalmas, M. (2007). Storybank: an indian village community digital library. JCDL ’07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, pages 257–258.
Joshi, A., Welankar, N., BL, N., Kanitkar, K., and Sheikh, R. (2008). Rangoli: a visual phonebook for low-literate users. MobileHCI ’08: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services, pages 217–223.
Kelly, B., Sloan, D., Phipps, L., Petrie, H., and Hamilton, F. (2005). Forcing standardization or accommodating diversity?: a framework for applying the wcag in the real world. In W4A ’05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A), pages 46–54, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Technical report, Keele University and NICTA.
Kumar, A., Rajput, N., Chakraborty, D., Agarwal, S. K., and Nanavati, A. A. (2007a). Voiserv: Creation and delivery of converged services through voice for emerging economies. World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2007. WoWMoM 2007. IEEE International Symposium on a, pages 1–8.
Kumar, A., Rajput, N., Chakraborty, D., Agarwal, S. K., and Nanavati, A. A. (2007b). Wwtw: the world wide telecom web. NSDR ’07: Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Networked systems for developing regions, pages 1–6.
Martins, I. H., de Carvalho, L. A. V., Ferreira, L., do Socorro Martins Calháu, M., and Benício, M. L. T. (2003). Man-computer interaction aspects in systems for the young people and non-alphabetized adults. CLIHC ’03: Proceedings of the Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction, pages 235–238.
Medhi, I., Prasad, A., and Toyama, K. (2007a). Optimal audio-visual representations for illiterate users of computers. WWW ’07: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web, pages 873–882.
Medhi, I., Sagar, A., and Toyama, K. (2007b). Text-free user interfaces for illiterate and semiliterate users. Inf. Technol. Int. Dev., 4(1):37–50.
Nielsen, J. (1994). Ten usability heuristics. disponível em: [link].
Nielsen, J. and Molich, R. (1990). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. In CHI ’90: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 249–256, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Parikh, T., Ghosh, K., and Chavan, A. (2003). Design studies for a financial management system for micro-credit groups in rural india. CUU ’03: Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Universal usability, pages 15–22.
Petta, T. D. and Woloshyn, V. E. (2001). Voice recognition for on-line literacy: Continuous voice recognition technology in adult literacy training. Education and Information Technologies, 6(4):225–240.
Plauche, M., Nallasamy, U., Pal, J., Wooters, C., and Ramachandran, D. (2006). Speech recognition for illiterate access to information and technology. Information and Communication Technologies and Development, 2006. ICTD ’06. International Conference on, pages 83–92.
Plauché, M. and Prabaker, M. (2006). Tamil market: a spoken dialog system for rural india. CHI ’06: CHI ’06 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pages 1619–1624.
Prasad, A., Medhi, I., Toyama, K., and Balakrishnan, R. (2008). Exploring the feasibility of video mail for illiterate users. AVI ’08: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, pages 103–110.
Sevilla, J., Herrera, G., Martinez, B., and Alcantud, F. (2007). Web accessibility for individuals with cognitive deficits: A comparative study between an existing commercial web and its cognitively accessible equivalent. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., 14(3):12.
Shakeel, H. and Best, M. (2002). Community knowledge sharing: an internet application to support communications across literacy levels. Technology and Society, 2002. (ISTAS’02). 2002 International Symposium on, pages 37–44.
Summers, K., Langford, J., Wu, J., Abela, C., and Souza, R. (2006). Designing web-based forms for users with lower literacy skills. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Volume 43, Issue 1:174.
Taoufik, I., Kabaili, H., and Kettani, D. (2007). Designing an e-government portal accessible to illiterate citizens. ICEGOV ’07: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Theory and practice of electronic governance, pages 327–336.
W3C (1999). Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0. W3C Recommendation. Disponível em: [link].
W3C (2008a). A guide to understanding and implementing web content accessibility guidelines 2.0. W3C Working Group Note. Disponível em: [link].
W3C (2008b). Web content accessibility guidelines (wcag) 2.0. W3C Recommendation. Disponível em: [link].
Walsh, P. and Meade, J. (2003). Speech enabled e-learning for adult literacy tutoring. Advanced Learning Technologies, 2003. Proceedings. The 3rd IEEE International Conference on, pages 17–21.
Publicado
20/07/2009
Como Citar
WATANABE, Willian Massami; FORTES, Renata Pontin de Mattos.
Revisão Sistemática sobre princípios de design de aplicações web acessíveis para analfabetos funcionais. In: SEMINÁRIO INTEGRADO DE SOFTWARE E HARDWARE (SEMISH), 36. , 2009, Bento Gonçalves/RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2009
.
p. 403-417.
ISSN 2595-6205.
