Uma Análise dos Efeitos de Falhas e Recuperação no Desempenho de Sensores LoRa
Resumo
Implantações com sensores LoRa (Long Range) e LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) são comuns em monitoramento e telemetria, com múltiplos dispositivos gerando pacotes de forma contínua ou periódica. Nesses cenários, carga e escala afetam métricas como vazão e perdas, enquanto falhas intermitentes e o tempo de recuperação introduzem períodos de indisponibilidade que alteram o comportamento do sistema. Ainda é difícil quantificar, de forma direta, como falhas e recuperação afetam a entrega de pacotes sob diferentes níveis de carga. Em especial, análises em regime permanente não capturam bem o comportamento transiente durante a indisponibilidade e a retomada, dificultando prever quedas de vazão e aumento de perdas. Este trabalho propõe um modelo analítico baseado em Redes de Petri Estocásticas que integra disponibilidade do sensor e fluxo de pacotes. A avaliação utiliza métricas transientes de vazão, pacotes enviados e pacotes perdidos sob dois cenários: variação da taxa de chegada (λ = 1, 2 e 3 pct/h) e variação do tempo de recuperação (TTR = 100, 200 e 300 h). Os resultados mostram que a carga controla a taxa de acúmulo de perdas durante a falha — chegando a 2,7× mais perdas entre os extremos de carga analisados, enquanto o TTR define a duração do regime degradado, com impacto aproximadamente proporcional ao tempo de indisponibilidade.Referências
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Bermudez, E. and Maciel, P. (2024). Assessing satellite resilience: Spn and ctmc models for availability evaluation. In Proceedings of the 13th Latin-American Symposium on Dependable and Secure Computing, pages 175–178.
Bor, M., Roedig, U., Voigt, T., and Alonso, J. M. (2016). Do lora low-power wide-area networks scale? In Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM ’16), pages 59–67. ACM.
Correia, L. F., Dantas, J. R., and Silva, F. A. (2023). Blockchain as a service environment: a dependability evaluation. The Journal of Supercomputing, pages 1–25.
Cotrim, J. R. and Margi, C. B. (2024). Make or break? how lorawan duty cycle impacts performance in multihop networks. IEEE Access.
Fé, I., Nguyen, T. A., Soares, A., Son, S., Choi, E., Min, D., Lee, J.-W., and Silva, F. A. (2023). Model-driven dependability and power consumption quantification of kubernetes based cloud-fog continuum. IEEE Access.
Ferré, G. (2017). Collision and packet loss analysis in a lorawan network. In 2017 25th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), pages 2586–2590.
German, R. (1995). Transient analysis of deterministic and stochastic petri nets with timenet. In Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 1995. Springer.
Jung, J.-Y. and Lee, J.-R. (2021). Throughput and packet loss probability analysis of long range wide area network. Applied Sciences, 11(17):8091.
Khan, F. H., Jurdak, R., and Portmann, M. (2019). A model for reliable uplink transmissions in lorawan. In 2019 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pages 147–156. IEEE.
Lindemann, C. (1999). Transient analysis of deterministic and stochastic petri nets. Performance Evaluation, 36–37:151–179.
Maciel, P., Matos, R., Silva, B., Figueiredo, J., Oliveira, D., Fé, I., Maciel, R., and Dantas, J. (2017). Mercury: Performance and dependability evaluation of systems with exponential, expolynomial, and general distributions. In 2017 IEEE 22nd Pacific Rim international symposium on dependable computing (PRDC), pages 50–57. IEEE.
Santos Filho, F. H. C., Dester, P. S., Stancanelli, E. M. G., Cardieri, P., Nardelli, P. H. J., Carrillo, D., and Alves, H. (2020). Performance of lorawan for handling telemetry and alarm messages in industrial applications. Sensors, 20(11):3061.
Silva, L. G., Cardoso, I., Brito, C., Barbosa, V., Nogueira, B., Choi, E., Nguyen, T. A., Min, D., Lee, J. W., and Silva, F. A. (2023). Urban advanced mobility dependability: A model-based quantification on vehicular ad hoc networks with virtual machine migration. Sensors, 23(23):9485.
Araujo, I., Barbosa, V., Lima, L. N., Silva, L. G., Brito, C., Fé, I., Lopes, L., Andrade, E., Leao, E., and Silva, F. A. (2025a). Assessing the performance of a fault tolerant lorawan architecture with a focus on the sensor layer and data retransmission strategy. Cluster Computing, 28(4):275.
Araujo, I., Silva, L. G., Brito, C., Min, D., Lee, J.-W., Nguyen, T. A., Leao, E., and Silva, F. A. (2025b). Dds-p: Stochastic models based performance of iot disaster detection systems across multiple geographic areas. ICT Express, 11(1):34–40.
Bermudez, E. and Maciel, P. (2024). Assessing satellite resilience: Spn and ctmc models for availability evaluation. In Proceedings of the 13th Latin-American Symposium on Dependable and Secure Computing, pages 175–178.
Bor, M., Roedig, U., Voigt, T., and Alonso, J. M. (2016). Do lora low-power wide-area networks scale? In Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM ’16), pages 59–67. ACM.
Correia, L. F., Dantas, J. R., and Silva, F. A. (2023). Blockchain as a service environment: a dependability evaluation. The Journal of Supercomputing, pages 1–25.
Cotrim, J. R. and Margi, C. B. (2024). Make or break? how lorawan duty cycle impacts performance in multihop networks. IEEE Access.
Fé, I., Nguyen, T. A., Soares, A., Son, S., Choi, E., Min, D., Lee, J.-W., and Silva, F. A. (2023). Model-driven dependability and power consumption quantification of kubernetes based cloud-fog continuum. IEEE Access.
Ferré, G. (2017). Collision and packet loss analysis in a lorawan network. In 2017 25th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), pages 2586–2590.
German, R. (1995). Transient analysis of deterministic and stochastic petri nets with timenet. In Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 1995. Springer.
Jung, J.-Y. and Lee, J.-R. (2021). Throughput and packet loss probability analysis of long range wide area network. Applied Sciences, 11(17):8091.
Khan, F. H., Jurdak, R., and Portmann, M. (2019). A model for reliable uplink transmissions in lorawan. In 2019 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pages 147–156. IEEE.
Lindemann, C. (1999). Transient analysis of deterministic and stochastic petri nets. Performance Evaluation, 36–37:151–179.
Maciel, P., Matos, R., Silva, B., Figueiredo, J., Oliveira, D., Fé, I., Maciel, R., and Dantas, J. (2017). Mercury: Performance and dependability evaluation of systems with exponential, expolynomial, and general distributions. In 2017 IEEE 22nd Pacific Rim international symposium on dependable computing (PRDC), pages 50–57. IEEE.
Santos Filho, F. H. C., Dester, P. S., Stancanelli, E. M. G., Cardieri, P., Nardelli, P. H. J., Carrillo, D., and Alves, H. (2020). Performance of lorawan for handling telemetry and alarm messages in industrial applications. Sensors, 20(11):3061.
Silva, L. G., Cardoso, I., Brito, C., Barbosa, V., Nogueira, B., Choi, E., Nguyen, T. A., Min, D., Lee, J. W., and Silva, F. A. (2023). Urban advanced mobility dependability: A model-based quantification on vehicular ad hoc networks with virtual machine migration. Sensors, 23(23):9485.
Publicado
19/07/2026
Como Citar
LIMA, Luiz Nelson; SABINO, Arthur; FÉ, Iure; PEREIRA, José Miqueias; LOPES, Lucas Silva; REGO, Paulo; SILVA, Francisco Airton.
Uma Análise dos Efeitos de Falhas e Recuperação no Desempenho de Sensores LoRa. In: SEMINÁRIO INTEGRADO DE SOFTWARE E HARDWARE (SEMISH), 53. , 2026, Gramado/RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 806-817.
ISSN 2595-6205.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/semish.2026.23170.
