Automatic Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Steels Maraging using Digital Image Processing Techniques
Resumo
Some strategic sectors of the economy require that the raw material of their machines and equipment have mechanical properties that satisfy their use. Maraging steel is a material of great concern since it is necessary to have a high mechanical resistance associated with high fracture toughness. The traditional tests to determine the fracture toughness of this material before use in applications are the Charpy and KIC tests. However, this process is characterized by being exhaustive and requiring specialized and trained professionals. Thus, to reverse this situation, this work proposes a new approach to determine the mechanical properties of maraging steel. For this, initially, the method removes any artifacts present in the image resulting from the mode of acquisition. In sequence, this works tested the method Extended Minimum Transformation (EMT) and mathematical morphology to find these markers of the regions of the dimples. Then, the Adaptive Thresholding, Optimal Global Thresholdusing the Otsu Method and Watershed transformation methods were used to segment the dimples. In the end, the diameter of the dimples and the toughness of the material were calculated. Tests are carried out and compared with the result obtained by specialists using the traditional system to evaluate the proposed approach. The results obtained were satisfactory for the application because the proposed approach presented speed and precision to the conventional methods.Referências
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V. X. de Lima Filho, "Influência da temperatura de solubilidade nas propriedades mecânicas do aço maraging 300," PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil, 6 2018.
W. Server and A. S. Tetelman, "The use of pre-cracked charpy specimens to determine dynamic fracture toughness," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 367–375, 1972.
H.-K. Oh, "Determination of fracture toughness by uniaxial tensile test," Engineering fracture mechanics, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 865–868, 1996.
V. Diwakar, S. Arumugam, T. Lakshmanan, and B. Sarkar, "Fracture toughness of maraging steel from charpy "v" notch specimens," Journal of materials science, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 3994–3999, 1989.
I. de Assis do Nascimento, A. R. Soares, and A. L. de Brito Baptista, "A utilização da análise de imagens como ferramenta do ensaio meta- lográfico no controle de qualidade de peças de ferro fundido: Tubos e conexões," 57 Congresso Internacional da ABM.
D. d. A. Rodrigues, G. P. d. Santos, M. C. Fernandes, J. C. d. Santos, F. N. C. Freitas, and P. P. Rebouc¸as Filho, "Classificação automatica do tipo de ferro fundido utilizando reconhecimento de padrões em imagens de microscopia," Matéria (Rio de Janeiro), vol. 22, 00 2017.
E. S. Rebouc¸as, A. M. Braga, R. C. Marques, and P. P. R. Filho, "A new approach to calculate the nodule density of ductile cast iron graphite using a level set," Measurement, vol. 89, pp. 316 – 321, 2016.
F. d. M. Peixoto and E. Rebouc¸as, "Desenvolvimento de um Software para cálculo da densidade de nódulos de grafita em ferro fundido nodular através de Processamento Digital de Imagens," Matéria (Rio de Janeiro).
R. F. Ivo, D. de Araújo Rodrigues, J. C. dos Santos, F. N. C. Freitas, L. F. G. Herculano, H. F. G. de Abreu, and P. P. R. Filho, "Study and classification of the crystallographic orientation distribution function of a non-grain oriented electrical steel using computer vision system," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1070 – 1083, 2019.
P. P. R. Filho, J. C. dos Santos, F. N. C. Freitas, D. de Araújo Rodrigues, R. F. Ivo, L. F. G. Herculano, and H. F. G. de Abreu, "New approach to evaluate a non-grain oriented electrical steel electromagnetic performance using photomicrographic analysis via digital image processing," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 112 – 126, 2019.
R. F. Ivo, D. de A. Rodrigues, G. M. Bezerra, F. N. Freitas, H. F. G. de Abreu, and P. P. R. Filho, "Non-grain oriented electrical steel photomicrograph classification using transfer learning," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 8580 – 8591, 2020.
G. B. Holanda, D. d. A. Lima, and P. P. Rebouças Filho, "Uma nova abordagem para a medição da diluição de soldagem, baseada nos pontos de inflexão de um Contorno Ativo," Matéria (Rio de Janeiro), vol. 24, 00 2019.
M. N. Rao, "Progress in understanding the metallurgy of 18% nickel maraging steels," Zeitschrift f¨ur Metallkunde, vol. 97, no. 11, pp. 1594– 1607, 2006.
J. C. Lopes, "Os aços maraging," Ciência & Tecnologia dos Materiais, vol. 19, no. 1-2, pp. 41–44, 2007. Tokimatsu, R. Koike,
A. Koike, R. Tokimatsu, F. Nogueira, S. Irikura, G. de Caracterização Mecânica, and M. dos Materiais, "A influência da microestrutura na tenacidade à fratura dinâmica aparente do aço abnt 4340," Anais do 17o CBCIMat–15 a, vol. 19, 2006.
H. Chandra-Holm, M. Bichsel, and P. Uggowitzer, "The fracture toughness behaviour of a 18 ni (300 grade) maraging steel in various solution treated and aged conditions," Scripta metallurgica, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 373–378, 1984.
H. Stüwe, "The work necessary to form a ductile fracture surface," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 231–236, 1980.
V. X. d. Lima Filho, "Influencia da temperatura de solubilidade nas propriedades mecanicas do ac¸o maraging 300," Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Jun. 2018, (visited on 02/03/2020). [Online]. Available: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/47921
R. C. Gonzales and R. E. Woods, "Digital image processing," 2002.
P. Soille, Morphological image analysis: principles and applications. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
A. N. Strahler, "Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology," Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 913– 920, 1957.
L. Vincent and P. Soille, "Watersheds in digital spaces: an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 583–598, 1991.
I. Syarif, A. Prugel-Bennett, and G. Wills, "Svm parameter optimization using grid search and genetic algorithm to improve classification performance," Telkomnika, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 1502, 2016.
Publicado
07/11/2020
Como Citar
VIANA, Angélica Alves; RABELO, Savio Lopes; SANTOS, José Daniel de Alencar; FILHO, Venceslau Xavier de Lima; RODRIGUES, Douglas de Araújo; IVO, Roberto Fernandes; REBOUÇAS FILHO, Pedro Pedrosa .
Automatic Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Steels Maraging using Digital Image Processing Techniques. In: WORKSHOP DE APLICAÇÕES INDUSTRIAIS - CONFERENCE ON GRAPHICS, PATTERNS AND IMAGES (SIBGRAPI), 33. , 2020, Evento Online.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2020
.
p. 211-218.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2020.13014.
