Tatuoca Project: Automated data extraction from magnetogram images
Resumo
The Earth’s magnetic field acts as a natural shield against solar radiation, with several magnetic observatories established around the world. Among them, the Tatuoca Magnetic Observatory, located in the equatorial region, stands out for the intense variations of the field in this area. Its 50 years of historical records are fundamental to the study of the Earth’s magnetic field. However, preserving these records faces significant challenges, as they degrade over time. To prevent this loss, the Tatuoca Project proposes the computerized extraction of data from these records and making this information available to the global scientific community. Using image processing and data analysis techniques, including clustering methods such as DBSCAN, the project aims to transform the physical records into accurate and accessible digital formats, as well as enabling automatic extraction, replacing the time-consuming manual work of data extraction.
Referências
G. Hulot, T. J. Sabaka, N. Olsen, and A. Fournier, “5.02 - The Present and Future Geomagnetic Field,” in Treatise on Geophysics (Second Edition), G. Schubert, Ed. Oxford: Elsevier, Jan. 2015, pp. 33–78.
H. E. McComb, Magnetic Observatory Manual: Coast and Geodetic Survey, No. 283, ser. Special Publication U.S. Department of Commerce and Geodetic Survey. Washington: Literary Licensing, LLC, 1952, no. 283.
K. A. Wienert, Notes on Geomagnetic Observatory and Survey Practice. Unesco, 1970.
S. J. Reay, D. C. Herzog, S. Alex, E. P. Kharin, S. McLean, M. Nosé, and N. A. Sergeyeva, “Magnetic Observatory Data and Metadata: Types and Availability,” in Geomagnetic Observations and Models, M. Mandea and M. Korte, Eds. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011, pp. 149–181.
C. Berrío Zapata, E. Ferreira da Silva, M. Pinheiro, V. Abreu, C. Martins, M. Gongora, and K. Dunman, “The Arquive of Tatuoca Magnetic Observatory Brazil: From paper to intelligent bytes,” in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), Osaka, Dec. 2022, p. 2489.
R. Baldez, P. L. Machado, K. F. Sales, M. Pinheiro, V. A. C. Abreu, J. Camperos Reyes, C. Berrío Zapata, and C. Mendel Martins, “Extracting digital data from paper magnetograms with AI: The case of the Magnetic Observatory of Tatuoca,” Vassouras - RJ, Brazil, Nov. 2024.
J. J. Curto, E. Sanclement, and J. M. Torta, “Automatic measurement of magnetic records on photographic paper,” Computers & Geosciences, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 359–368, May 1996.
T. Iyemoru, M. Nose, T. Kamei, M. Takeda, Y. Odagi, M. Yagi, and H. McCreadie, “Digitization of old Analogue Geomagnetic Data,” Edinburgh, 2005.
N. Mashiko, T. Yamamoto, M. Akutagawa, and Y. Minamoto, “Digitization of Bromide Paper Records to Extract One-Minute Geomagnetic Data,” Data Science Journal, vol. 12, no. 0, p. WDS254, May 2013.
M. Weygang, “Historic Magnetogram Digitization,” Master of Science, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, Sep. 2019.
C. D. Beggan, E. Eaton, E. Maume, E. Clarke, J. Williamson, and T. Humphries, “Digitizing UK analogue magnetogram records from large geomagnetic storms of the past two centuries,” Geoscience Data Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 73–86, 2023.
M. Ester, H.-P. Kriegel, J. Sander, X. Xu et al., “A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise,” in kdd, vol. 96, 1996, pp. 226–231.
OpenCV, “Resizing and Rescaling images with opencv,” [link], 2025, accesses at 09-06-2025.
——, “OpenCV: Image Tresholding,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-23-2025.
K. F. Sales, “Gaussian Processes,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
OpenCV, “OpenCV: Smoothing Images,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-23-2025.
M. Marengoni and S. Stringhini, “Tutorial: Introdução à Visão Computacional usando OpenCV,” Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 125–160, Mar. 2010. [Online]. Available: [link]
K. World Data Center for Geomagnetism, “TTB magnetograms in 1964,” [link] 1964 normal-e. html, 1964, accessed at 03-07-2025.
OpenCV, “OpenCV: Canny Edge Detection,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-23-2025.
K. F. Sales, “Canny’s Code,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
——, “Skeletonization Code,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
P. L. Machado, “DBScan Code,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
K. F. Sales, “Conversion Code,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
IAGA, “Iaga official website,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-08-2025.
British Geological Survey, “World data center of geomagnetism,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-08-2025.
H. E. McComb, Magnetic Observatory Manual: Coast and Geodetic Survey, No. 283, ser. Special Publication U.S. Department of Commerce and Geodetic Survey. Washington: Literary Licensing, LLC, 1952, no. 283.
K. A. Wienert, Notes on Geomagnetic Observatory and Survey Practice. Unesco, 1970.
S. J. Reay, D. C. Herzog, S. Alex, E. P. Kharin, S. McLean, M. Nosé, and N. A. Sergeyeva, “Magnetic Observatory Data and Metadata: Types and Availability,” in Geomagnetic Observations and Models, M. Mandea and M. Korte, Eds. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011, pp. 149–181.
C. Berrío Zapata, E. Ferreira da Silva, M. Pinheiro, V. Abreu, C. Martins, M. Gongora, and K. Dunman, “The Arquive of Tatuoca Magnetic Observatory Brazil: From paper to intelligent bytes,” in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), Osaka, Dec. 2022, p. 2489.
R. Baldez, P. L. Machado, K. F. Sales, M. Pinheiro, V. A. C. Abreu, J. Camperos Reyes, C. Berrío Zapata, and C. Mendel Martins, “Extracting digital data from paper magnetograms with AI: The case of the Magnetic Observatory of Tatuoca,” Vassouras - RJ, Brazil, Nov. 2024.
J. J. Curto, E. Sanclement, and J. M. Torta, “Automatic measurement of magnetic records on photographic paper,” Computers & Geosciences, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 359–368, May 1996.
T. Iyemoru, M. Nose, T. Kamei, M. Takeda, Y. Odagi, M. Yagi, and H. McCreadie, “Digitization of old Analogue Geomagnetic Data,” Edinburgh, 2005.
N. Mashiko, T. Yamamoto, M. Akutagawa, and Y. Minamoto, “Digitization of Bromide Paper Records to Extract One-Minute Geomagnetic Data,” Data Science Journal, vol. 12, no. 0, p. WDS254, May 2013.
M. Weygang, “Historic Magnetogram Digitization,” Master of Science, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, Sep. 2019.
C. D. Beggan, E. Eaton, E. Maume, E. Clarke, J. Williamson, and T. Humphries, “Digitizing UK analogue magnetogram records from large geomagnetic storms of the past two centuries,” Geoscience Data Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 73–86, 2023.
M. Ester, H.-P. Kriegel, J. Sander, X. Xu et al., “A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise,” in kdd, vol. 96, 1996, pp. 226–231.
OpenCV, “Resizing and Rescaling images with opencv,” [link], 2025, accesses at 09-06-2025.
——, “OpenCV: Image Tresholding,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-23-2025.
K. F. Sales, “Gaussian Processes,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
OpenCV, “OpenCV: Smoothing Images,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-23-2025.
M. Marengoni and S. Stringhini, “Tutorial: Introdução à Visão Computacional usando OpenCV,” Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 125–160, Mar. 2010. [Online]. Available: [link]
K. World Data Center for Geomagnetism, “TTB magnetograms in 1964,” [link] 1964 normal-e. html, 1964, accessed at 03-07-2025.
OpenCV, “OpenCV: Canny Edge Detection,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-23-2025.
K. F. Sales, “Canny’s Code,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
——, “Skeletonization Code,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
P. L. Machado, “DBScan Code,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
K. F. Sales, “Conversion Code,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-07-2025.
IAGA, “Iaga official website,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-08-2025.
British Geological Survey, “World data center of geomagnetism,” [link], 2025, accessed at 03-08-2025.
Publicado
30/09/2025
Como Citar
SALES, Keanu Frota; BALDEZ, Raissa Moraes; MACHADO, Pericles Lopes; ABREU, Vinicius Augusto Carvalho de; CAMPEROS-REYES, Jacquelin Teresa; ZAPATA, Cristian Berrío; MARTINS, Cristiano Mendel.
Tatuoca Project: Automated data extraction from magnetogram images. In: WORKSHOP DE TRABALHOS EM ANDAMENTO - CONFERENCE ON GRAPHICS, PATTERNS AND IMAGES (SIBGRAPI), 38. , 2025, Salvador/BA.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 67-72.
