CSMA Adaptativo para Redes LoRa
Resumo
LoRaWAN é um protocolo de acesso ao meio baseado na camada física LoRa (Long Range). Esta tecnologia utiliza Aloha puro, tamanho variável de pacote e espalhamento espectral adaptativo. O objetivo desse artigo é propor uma mudança no protocolo de acesso ao meio, substituindo o padrão Aloha por um CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) Adaptativo. O impacto dessa alteração é analisado em termos da taxa de entrega de mensagens, taxa de vazão da rede e eficiência energética. Com o CSMA Adaptativo, pode-se notar uma melhora na vazão da rede e na eficiência energética, tornando o protocolo mais confiável e capaz de suportar implementações que necessitem dessas características. Redes LoRa têm como uma das suas maiores preocupações uma grande autonomia de seus nós, assim uma melhora na eficiência energética, em termos de quantidade de bits enviados por Joule de energia, torna o método de acesso ao meio proposto ainda mais atrativo. Pode-se notar com as simulações realizadas que com uma grande ocupação da rede o CSMA Adaptativo obteve uma eficiência energética 173% maior que o CSMA e 62% maior que o Aloha.Referências
Adelantado, F., Vilajosana, X., Tuset-Peiro, P., Martinez, B., Melia-Segui, J., and Watteyne, T. (2017). Understanding the limits of lorawan. IEEE Communications magazine, 55(9):34–40.
Aras, E., Ramachandran, G. S., Lawrence, P., and Hughes, D. (2017). Exploring the security vulnerabilities of lora. In 2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF), pages 1–6. IEEE.
Augustin, A., Yi, J., Clausen, T., and Townsley, W. M. (2016). A study of lora: Long range & low power networks for the internet of things. Sensors, 16(9):1466.
Bankov, D., Khorov, E., and Lyakhov, A. (2016). On the limits of lorawan channel access. In 2016 International Conference on Engineering and Telecommunication (EnT), pages 10–14. IEEE.
Bor, M. and Roedig, U. (2017). Lora transmission parameter selection. In 2017 13th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pages 27–34. IEEE.
Bor, M. C., Roedig, U., Voigt, T., and Alonso, J. M. (2016). Do lora low-power widearea networks scale? In Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pages 59–67.
de Carvalho Silva, J., Rodrigues, J. J., Alberti, A. M., Solic, P., and Aquino, A. L. (2017). Lorawan—a low power wan protocol for internet of things: A review and opportunities. In 2017 2nd International Multidisciplinary Conference on Computer and Energy Science (SpliTech), pages 1–6. IEEE.
Georgiou, O. and Raza, U. (2017). Low power wide area network analysis: Can lora scale? IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 6(2):162–165.
Magrin, D. and Capuzzo, M. and Romagnolo, S. and Luvisotto, M. (2018). Lorawan class a implementation for ns-3. https://github.com/signetlabdei/lorawan. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
Mangold, S., Choi, S., May, P., Klein, O., Hiertz, G., and Stibor, L. (2002). Ieee 802.11 e wireless lan for quality of service. In Proc. European Wireless, volume 2, pages 32–39. sn.
Margelis, G., Piechocki, R., Kaleshi, D., and Thomas, P. (2015). Low throughput networks for the iot: Lessons learned from industrial implementations. In 2015 IEEE 2nd world forum on internet of things (WF-IoT), pages 181–186. IEEE.
Mikhaylov, K., Petaejaejaervi, J., and Haenninen, T. (2016). Analysis of capacity and scalability of the lora low power wide area network technology. In European Wireless 2016; 22th European Wireless Conference, pages 1–6. VDE.
Neumann, P., Montavont, J., and Noël, T. (2016). Indoor deployment of low-power wide area networks (lpwan): A lorawan case study. In 2016 IEEE 12th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), pages 1–8. IEEE.
ns3 (2011-2021). A discrete-event network simulator for internet systems. https://www.nsnam.org/. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
Petajajarvi, J., Mikhaylov, K., Roivainen, A., Hanninen, T., and Pettissalo, M. (2015). On the coverage of lpwans: range evaluation and channel attenuation model for lora technology. In 2015 14th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST), pages 55–59. IEEE.
Petric, T., Goessens, M., Nuaymi, L., Toutain, L., and Pelov, A. (2016). Measurements, performance and analysis of lora fabian, a real-world implementation of lpwan. In 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pages 1–7. IEEE.
Semtech Corporation (2015). AN1200.22: LoRa Modulation Basics. Rev. 2. http://wiki.lahoud.fr/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=an1200.22.pdf. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
Semtech Corporation (2016). LoRa® and LoRaWAN®. [link]. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
Semtech Corporation (2019). Wireless RF LoRa Transceivers: SX1276; Rev. 6. https://semtech.my.salesforce.com. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
To, T. and Duda, A. (2018). Simulation of lora in ns-3: Improving lora performance with csma. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pages 1–7.
Voigt, T., Bor, M., Roedig, U., and Alonso, J. (2016). Mitigating inter-network interference in lora networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.00688.
Weber, P., Jäckle, D., Rahusen, D., and Sikora, A. (2016). Ipv6 over lorawan™. In 2016 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Systems within the Conferences on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems (IDAACS-SWS), pages 75–79. IEEE.
Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., and Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(1):22–32.
Aras, E., Ramachandran, G. S., Lawrence, P., and Hughes, D. (2017). Exploring the security vulnerabilities of lora. In 2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF), pages 1–6. IEEE.
Augustin, A., Yi, J., Clausen, T., and Townsley, W. M. (2016). A study of lora: Long range & low power networks for the internet of things. Sensors, 16(9):1466.
Bankov, D., Khorov, E., and Lyakhov, A. (2016). On the limits of lorawan channel access. In 2016 International Conference on Engineering and Telecommunication (EnT), pages 10–14. IEEE.
Bor, M. and Roedig, U. (2017). Lora transmission parameter selection. In 2017 13th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pages 27–34. IEEE.
Bor, M. C., Roedig, U., Voigt, T., and Alonso, J. M. (2016). Do lora low-power widearea networks scale? In Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pages 59–67.
de Carvalho Silva, J., Rodrigues, J. J., Alberti, A. M., Solic, P., and Aquino, A. L. (2017). Lorawan—a low power wan protocol for internet of things: A review and opportunities. In 2017 2nd International Multidisciplinary Conference on Computer and Energy Science (SpliTech), pages 1–6. IEEE.
Georgiou, O. and Raza, U. (2017). Low power wide area network analysis: Can lora scale? IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 6(2):162–165.
Magrin, D. and Capuzzo, M. and Romagnolo, S. and Luvisotto, M. (2018). Lorawan class a implementation for ns-3. https://github.com/signetlabdei/lorawan. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
Mangold, S., Choi, S., May, P., Klein, O., Hiertz, G., and Stibor, L. (2002). Ieee 802.11 e wireless lan for quality of service. In Proc. European Wireless, volume 2, pages 32–39. sn.
Margelis, G., Piechocki, R., Kaleshi, D., and Thomas, P. (2015). Low throughput networks for the iot: Lessons learned from industrial implementations. In 2015 IEEE 2nd world forum on internet of things (WF-IoT), pages 181–186. IEEE.
Mikhaylov, K., Petaejaejaervi, J., and Haenninen, T. (2016). Analysis of capacity and scalability of the lora low power wide area network technology. In European Wireless 2016; 22th European Wireless Conference, pages 1–6. VDE.
Neumann, P., Montavont, J., and Noël, T. (2016). Indoor deployment of low-power wide area networks (lpwan): A lorawan case study. In 2016 IEEE 12th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), pages 1–8. IEEE.
ns3 (2011-2021). A discrete-event network simulator for internet systems. https://www.nsnam.org/. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
Petajajarvi, J., Mikhaylov, K., Roivainen, A., Hanninen, T., and Pettissalo, M. (2015). On the coverage of lpwans: range evaluation and channel attenuation model for lora technology. In 2015 14th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST), pages 55–59. IEEE.
Petric, T., Goessens, M., Nuaymi, L., Toutain, L., and Pelov, A. (2016). Measurements, performance and analysis of lora fabian, a real-world implementation of lpwan. In 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pages 1–7. IEEE.
Semtech Corporation (2015). AN1200.22: LoRa Modulation Basics. Rev. 2. http://wiki.lahoud.fr/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=an1200.22.pdf. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
Semtech Corporation (2016). LoRa® and LoRaWAN®. [link]. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
Semtech Corporation (2019). Wireless RF LoRa Transceivers: SX1276; Rev. 6. https://semtech.my.salesforce.com. [Online; acessado em 18-Junho-2021].
To, T. and Duda, A. (2018). Simulation of lora in ns-3: Improving lora performance with csma. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pages 1–7.
Voigt, T., Bor, M., Roedig, U., and Alonso, J. (2016). Mitigating inter-network interference in lora networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.00688.
Weber, P., Jäckle, D., Rahusen, D., and Sikora, A. (2016). Ipv6 over lorawan™. In 2016 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Systems within the Conferences on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems (IDAACS-SWS), pages 75–79. IEEE.
Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., and Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(1):22–32.
Publicado
16/08/2021
Como Citar
JEZ, Leandro; BORIN, Vinicius Pozzobon; VENDRAMIN, Ana Cristina Kochem; FONSECA, Mauro; MUNARETTO, Anelise.
CSMA Adaptativo para Redes LoRa. In: WORKSHOP DE GERÊNCIA E OPERAÇÃO DE REDES E SERVIÇOS (WGRS), 26. , 2021, Uberlândia.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2021
.
p. 68-81.
ISSN 2595-2722.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wgrs.2021.17186.
