Novo Algoritmo Baseado em Aprendizado de Máquina para Gerenciamento de Realocação Espectral em Redes Ópticas Elásticas Multi-Núcleos
Resumo
Este artigo propõe um novo algoritmo baseado em aprendizado de máquina (AM) para gerar gatilhos eficientes para a realocação de circuitos em redes ópticas elásticas multi-núcleos. A proposta processa as informações do estado da rede e determina o momento mais apropriado para a realocação de circuitos ópticos, com o objetivo de otimizar o desempenho da rede e minimizar os impactos dos efeitos da camada física. Os resultados demonstram que modelo de AM atinge uma acurácia de 89% no treinamento. Além disso, ao aplicar a proposta em conjunto com outro algoritmo de gerenciamento de recursos, obteve-se uma diminuição média de 96,6% na probabilidade de bloqueio de circuito e de 97,3% na probabilidade de bloqueio de banda, com apenas 0,14% de circuitos realocados por processo de realocação.
Palavras-chave:
redes ópticas elásticas, fibras multi-núcleos, rede neural profunda, imperfeições da camada física, realocação
Referências
Araujo, S. and Soares, A. (2024). Realocação de circuito ciente de crosstalk para redução de bloqueios em redes ópticas elásticas com multiplexação espacial. In Anais do XLII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, pages 127–140, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Beyranvand, H. and Salehi, J. (2013). A quality-of-transmission aware dynamic routing and spectrum assignment scheme for future elastic optical networks. IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31(18):3043–3054.
Brasileiro, I., Costa, L., and Drummond, A. (2020). A survey on challenges of spatial division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks. Optical Switching and Networking, 38:100584.
Chatterjee, B., Sarma, N., and Oki, E. (2015). Routing and spectrum allocation in elastic optical networks: A tutorial. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 17(3):1776–1800.
Cugini, F., Paolucci, F., Meloni, G., Berrettini, G., Secondini, M., Fresi, F., Sambo, N., Poti, L., and Castoldi, P. (2013). Push-pull defragmentation without traffic disruption in flexible grid optical networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31(1):125–133.
Fontinele, A., Santos, I., Neto, J. N., Campelo, D. R., and Soares, A. (2017). An efficient IA-RMLSA algorithm for transparent elastic optical networks. Computer Networks, 118:1–14.
Habibi, M. and Beyranvand, H. (2019). Impairment-aware manycast routing, modulation level, and spectrum assignment in elastic optical networks. IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 11(5):179–189.
Hayashi, T., Taru, T., Shimakawa, O., Sasaki, T., and Sasaoka, E. (2011). Design and fabrication of ultra-low crosstalk and low-loss multi-core fiber. Optics Express, 19:16576–16592.
Ives, D., Bayvel, P., and Savory, S. (2015). Routing, modulation, spectrum and launch power assignment to maximize the traffic throughput of a nonlinear optical mesh network. Photonic Network Communications.
Lacerda-Jr, J., Fontinele, A., Santos, I., Leão, E., Campelo, D., Monteiro, J. A., and Soares, A. (2020). Algoritmo de balanceamento inter-núcleos para redes ópticas elásticas com multiplexação por divisão espacial. In Anais do XXXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Lacerda-Jr, J. C., Cartaxo, A. V., and Soares, A. C. (2024). Novel dynamic impairment-aware algorithm for modulation, core, and spectrum assignment in SDM-EONs. Optical Switching and Networking, 51:100763.
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., and Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. Nature (London), 521(7553):436–444.
Lobato, F. R., Jacob, A., Rodrigues, J., Cartaxo, A. V., and Costa, J. (2019). Inter-core crosstalk aware greedy algorithm for spectrum and core assignment in space division multiplexed elastic optical networks. Optical Switching and Networking, 33:61–73.
Meloni, G., Fresi, F., Imran, M., Paolucci, F., Cugini, F., D’Errico, A., Giorgi, L., Sasaki, T., Castoldi, P., and Pot, L. (2016). Software-defined defragmentation in space-division multiplexing with quasi-hitless fast core switching. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(8):1956–1962.
Moghaddam, E. E., Beyranvand, H., and Salehi, J. A. (2019). Crosstalk-aware resource allocation in survivable space-division-multiplexed elastic optical networks supporting hybrid dedicated and shared path protection. IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, pages 1–1.
Oliveira, H. M. and da Fonseca, N. L. (2020). Protection in elastic optical networks using failure-independent path protecting p-cycles. Optical Switching and Networking, 35:100535.
Poggiolini, P. and Jiang, Y. (2017). Recent advances in the modeling of the impact of nonlinear fiber propagation effects on uncompensated coherent transmission systems. IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, 35(3):458–480.
Ravipudi, J. L. and Brandt-Pearce, M. (2022). A score function heuristic for crosstalk- and fragmentation-aware dynamic routing, modulation, core, and spectrum allocation in SDM-EONs. In 2022 IEEE Future Networks World Forum (FNWF), pages 83–87.
Ravipudi, J. L. and Brandt-Pearce, M. (2024). Machine-learning-based impairment-aware dynamic RMSCA in multi-core elastic optical networks. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 16(10):F26–F39.
Trindade, S. and da Fonseca, N. L. S. (2020). Machine learning for spectrum defragmentation in space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks. IEEE Network, pages 1–7.
Vasundhara and Mandloi, A. (2024). Deep learning and heuristic approach assisted dynamic spectrum assignment with fragmentation minimization in EON-SDM. In 2024 First International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Signal Processing (ICECSP), pages 1–5.
Yan, L., Agrell, E., Wymeersch, H., Johannisson, P., Taranto, R. D., and Brandt-Pearce, M. (2015). Link-level resource allocation for flexible-grid nonlinear fiber-optic communication systems. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 27(12):1250–1253.
Zhang, C., Zhang, M., Liu, S., Liu, Z., and Wang, D. (2023). Covert fault detection with imbalanced data using an improved autoencoder for optical networks. IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 15(11):913–924.
Zhao, J., Wymeersch, H., and Agrell, E. (2015). Nonlinear impairment aware resource allocation in elastic optical networks. In 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), pages 1–3.
Zhao, Y., Hu, L., Zhu, R., Yu, X., Wang, X., and Zhang, J. (2018). Crosstalk-aware spectrum defragmentation based on spectrum compactness in space division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks with multicore fiber. IEEE Access, 6:15346–15355.
Beyranvand, H. and Salehi, J. (2013). A quality-of-transmission aware dynamic routing and spectrum assignment scheme for future elastic optical networks. IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31(18):3043–3054.
Brasileiro, I., Costa, L., and Drummond, A. (2020). A survey on challenges of spatial division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks. Optical Switching and Networking, 38:100584.
Chatterjee, B., Sarma, N., and Oki, E. (2015). Routing and spectrum allocation in elastic optical networks: A tutorial. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 17(3):1776–1800.
Cugini, F., Paolucci, F., Meloni, G., Berrettini, G., Secondini, M., Fresi, F., Sambo, N., Poti, L., and Castoldi, P. (2013). Push-pull defragmentation without traffic disruption in flexible grid optical networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31(1):125–133.
Fontinele, A., Santos, I., Neto, J. N., Campelo, D. R., and Soares, A. (2017). An efficient IA-RMLSA algorithm for transparent elastic optical networks. Computer Networks, 118:1–14.
Habibi, M. and Beyranvand, H. (2019). Impairment-aware manycast routing, modulation level, and spectrum assignment in elastic optical networks. IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 11(5):179–189.
Hayashi, T., Taru, T., Shimakawa, O., Sasaki, T., and Sasaoka, E. (2011). Design and fabrication of ultra-low crosstalk and low-loss multi-core fiber. Optics Express, 19:16576–16592.
Ives, D., Bayvel, P., and Savory, S. (2015). Routing, modulation, spectrum and launch power assignment to maximize the traffic throughput of a nonlinear optical mesh network. Photonic Network Communications.
Lacerda-Jr, J., Fontinele, A., Santos, I., Leão, E., Campelo, D., Monteiro, J. A., and Soares, A. (2020). Algoritmo de balanceamento inter-núcleos para redes ópticas elásticas com multiplexação por divisão espacial. In Anais do XXXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Lacerda-Jr, J. C., Cartaxo, A. V., and Soares, A. C. (2024). Novel dynamic impairment-aware algorithm for modulation, core, and spectrum assignment in SDM-EONs. Optical Switching and Networking, 51:100763.
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., and Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. Nature (London), 521(7553):436–444.
Lobato, F. R., Jacob, A., Rodrigues, J., Cartaxo, A. V., and Costa, J. (2019). Inter-core crosstalk aware greedy algorithm for spectrum and core assignment in space division multiplexed elastic optical networks. Optical Switching and Networking, 33:61–73.
Meloni, G., Fresi, F., Imran, M., Paolucci, F., Cugini, F., D’Errico, A., Giorgi, L., Sasaki, T., Castoldi, P., and Pot, L. (2016). Software-defined defragmentation in space-division multiplexing with quasi-hitless fast core switching. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(8):1956–1962.
Moghaddam, E. E., Beyranvand, H., and Salehi, J. A. (2019). Crosstalk-aware resource allocation in survivable space-division-multiplexed elastic optical networks supporting hybrid dedicated and shared path protection. IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, pages 1–1.
Oliveira, H. M. and da Fonseca, N. L. (2020). Protection in elastic optical networks using failure-independent path protecting p-cycles. Optical Switching and Networking, 35:100535.
Poggiolini, P. and Jiang, Y. (2017). Recent advances in the modeling of the impact of nonlinear fiber propagation effects on uncompensated coherent transmission systems. IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, 35(3):458–480.
Ravipudi, J. L. and Brandt-Pearce, M. (2022). A score function heuristic for crosstalk- and fragmentation-aware dynamic routing, modulation, core, and spectrum allocation in SDM-EONs. In 2022 IEEE Future Networks World Forum (FNWF), pages 83–87.
Ravipudi, J. L. and Brandt-Pearce, M. (2024). Machine-learning-based impairment-aware dynamic RMSCA in multi-core elastic optical networks. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 16(10):F26–F39.
Trindade, S. and da Fonseca, N. L. S. (2020). Machine learning for spectrum defragmentation in space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks. IEEE Network, pages 1–7.
Vasundhara and Mandloi, A. (2024). Deep learning and heuristic approach assisted dynamic spectrum assignment with fragmentation minimization in EON-SDM. In 2024 First International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Signal Processing (ICECSP), pages 1–5.
Yan, L., Agrell, E., Wymeersch, H., Johannisson, P., Taranto, R. D., and Brandt-Pearce, M. (2015). Link-level resource allocation for flexible-grid nonlinear fiber-optic communication systems. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 27(12):1250–1253.
Zhang, C., Zhang, M., Liu, S., Liu, Z., and Wang, D. (2023). Covert fault detection with imbalanced data using an improved autoencoder for optical networks. IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 15(11):913–924.
Zhao, J., Wymeersch, H., and Agrell, E. (2015). Nonlinear impairment aware resource allocation in elastic optical networks. In 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), pages 1–3.
Zhao, Y., Hu, L., Zhu, R., Yu, X., Wang, X., and Zhang, J. (2018). Crosstalk-aware spectrum defragmentation based on spectrum compactness in space division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks with multicore fiber. IEEE Access, 6:15346–15355.
Publicado
19/05/2025
Como Citar
CARVALHO, Ana V. D.; MENDES, Raylline P.; SOUSA, Carlos E. B.; ARAÚJO, Selles G. F. C.; SOARES, André C. B.; LACERDA JR., Jurandir C..
Novo Algoritmo Baseado em Aprendizado de Máquina para Gerenciamento de Realocação Espectral em Redes Ópticas Elásticas Multi-Núcleos. In: WORKSHOP DE GERÊNCIA E OPERAÇÃO DE REDES E SERVIÇOS (WGRS), 30. , 2025, Natal/RN.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 99-112.
ISSN 2595-2722.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wgrs.2025.8861.
