Avaliação do Protocolo CAN Multicast no Suporte a Ambientes Virtuais Colaborativos
Resumo
Muitas arquiteturas para Ambientes Virtuais Colaborativos (AVCs) avançadas contam fortemente com o uso da comunicação multicast na camada de rede. Entretanto, a comunicação multicast na camada de rede não está prontamente disponível na Internet. Multicast na camada da aplicação (ALM – Application Layer Multicast) tem recentemente surgido como uma boa alternativa ao multicast na camada de rede. Este artigo apresenta o uso do protocolo CAN Multicast no suporte a AVCs em grande escala. Foram realizadas simulações para avaliar o desempenho do protocolo a partir dos requisitos da arquitetura SPLINE.Referências
Banerjee, S.; Battacharjee, B.; Kommareddy, C. (2002) “Scalable Application Layer Multicast”, ACM conference on applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications (SIGCOMM’02), p. 205-217.
Barrus, J. W.; Waters, R. C.; Anderson, D.B. (1996) “Locales: Supporting large multiuser virtual environments”, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 16(6), p. 50-57.
Carlsson, C.; Hagsand, O. (1993) “DIVE – A multi-user virtual reality system”, IEEE Virtual reality Annual International Symposium, p. 394-400.
Castro, M.; Druschel, P.; Kermarrec, A. M. et al. (2002) “Scribe: A large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication (JSAC), 20(8), p. 1489-1499.
Chawathe, Y.; McCanne, S.; Brewer, E.A. (2000) “RMX: Reliable Multicast for Heterogeneous Networks”, IEEE INFOCOM 2000, v. 2, p. 795-804.
Cheshire, S. (1996) “Latency and the quest for interactivity”. A white paper commissioned by Volpe Welty Asset Management, L.L.C., for the synchronous person-to-person interactive computing environments meeting, San Francisco.
Chu, Y.; Rao, S.G.; Zhang, H. (2000) “A Case for End System Multicast”, Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, p. 1-12.
Deering, S.; Cheriton, D. (1990) “Multicast Routing in Datagrama Internetworks and Extended LANs”. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, v. 8, n. 2, p. 85-110, maio.
Diot, C.; Gautier, L. (1999) “A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the Internet”, IEEE Network, 13(4), p. 6-15.
Diot, C.; Levine, B.N.; Lyles, B. et al. (2000) “Deployment issues for the IP multicast Service and Architecture”, IEEE Network, v. 14, n. 1, p. 78-88, janeiro/fevereiro.
Erikson, H. (1994) “MBONE: The Multicast Backbone”, Communications of the ACM, v. 37, n. 8, p. 54-60.
Francis, P. (1999) “Yoid: Extending the Multicast Internet Architecture”. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 21 julho de 2006.
Knutsson, B.; Lu, H.; Xu, W. (2004) “Peer-to-Peer Support for Massively Multiplayer Games”, IEEE INFOCOM.
Li, Z.; Mohapatra, P. (2003) “Hostcast: A new overlay multicasting protocol”, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2003).
Mathy, L.; Canonico, R. e Hutchison, D. (2001) “An Overlay Tree Building Control Protocol”, 3rd International Workshop on Networked Group Communication, (NGC’01), p. 78-87.
Medina, A., Lakhina, A., Matta, I. et al. (2001) “BRITE: An Approach to Universal Topology Generation”. International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems-MASCOTS'01.
Oliveira, J. C.; Georganas, N. D. (2003) “VELVET-An Adaptive Hybrid Architecture for VEry Large Virtual EnvironmenTs “. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, v. 12, n. 6, p. 555-580.
Padmanabhan, V.; Wang, H.; Chou, P. et al. (2002) “Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking”, NOSSDAV'02.
Pendakaris, D.; Shi, S.; Verma, D. et al. (2001) “ALMI: An Application Level Multicast Infrastructure”, 3rd Usenix Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, p. 49-60.
Pereira, W.M.; Vidal, P.C.S.; Ziviani, A. e Oliveira, J.C. (2005) “Emprego de Protocolos Multicast na Camada de Aplicação no Suporte a Ambientes Virtuais Colaborativos”, Workshop de Teses e Dissertações, XI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web – WebMídia'2005.
Ratnasamy, S.; Francis, P.; Handley, M.; Karp, R. e Shenker, S. (2001a) “A Scalable Content-Addressable Network”, SIGCOMM’01, p. 27-31.
Ratnasamy, S.; Handley, M.; Karp, R. e Shenker, S. (2001b) “Application-level Multicast using Content-Addressable Networks”, International Workshop on Networked Group Communication, p. 14-29.
Ratnasamy, S.; Handley, M.; Karp, R. e Shenker, S. (2002) “Topologically-aware overlay construction and server selection”, IEEE INFOCOM '02.
Roca, V.; El-Sayed, A. (2001) “A host-based Multicast (HBM) Solution for Group Communications”, IEEE International Conference on Networking (ICN’01), p. 610-619.
Rowstron, A.; Druschel, P. (2001) “Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location, and routing for large-scale Peer-to-Peer systems”. International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (IFIP/ACM), p. 329-350.
Shi, S. Y.; Turner, J. S. (2002) “Routing in Overlay Multicasting Networks”, IEEE INFOCOM 2002, v. 3, p. 1200-1208.
Singh, G.; Serra, L.; Png, W. et al. (1995) “BrickNet: Sharing Object Behavious on the Net”, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS’95), p. 19-25. IEEE Computer Society Press, março.
Singhal, S., Zyda, M. (1999) “Networked Virtual Environments – Design and Implementation”, Addison Wesley, 330 p., ISBN 0-201-32557-8.
Tyan, H. (2002) “Design, realization and evaluation of a component-base compositional software architecture for network simulation”, Tese de Doutorado, Graduate School of The Ohio State University.
Tran, D.A.; Hua, K.A.; Do, T. (2003) “ZIGZAG: An Efficient Peer-to-Peer Scheme for Media Streaming”, IEEE INFOCOM, v. 2, p. 1283-1292.
Waters, R.C.; Anderson, D. B.; Shewenke, D. L. (1997) “The Interactive Sharing Transfer Protocol Version 1.0”, MERL Technical. Report n. TR-97-10.
Waxman, B. M. (1988) “Routing of multipoint connections”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 6:1617-1622.
Wloka, M. (1995) “Lag in multiprocessor VR”, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(1), p. 50-63.
Zhuang, S. Q.; Zhao, B. Y.; Joseph, A.D. et al. (2001) “Bayeux: An Architecture for Scalable and Fault-tolerant Wide-are Data Dissemination”, ACM NOSSDAV’01, p. 11-20.
Barrus, J. W.; Waters, R. C.; Anderson, D.B. (1996) “Locales: Supporting large multiuser virtual environments”, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 16(6), p. 50-57.
Carlsson, C.; Hagsand, O. (1993) “DIVE – A multi-user virtual reality system”, IEEE Virtual reality Annual International Symposium, p. 394-400.
Castro, M.; Druschel, P.; Kermarrec, A. M. et al. (2002) “Scribe: A large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication (JSAC), 20(8), p. 1489-1499.
Chawathe, Y.; McCanne, S.; Brewer, E.A. (2000) “RMX: Reliable Multicast for Heterogeneous Networks”, IEEE INFOCOM 2000, v. 2, p. 795-804.
Cheshire, S. (1996) “Latency and the quest for interactivity”. A white paper commissioned by Volpe Welty Asset Management, L.L.C., for the synchronous person-to-person interactive computing environments meeting, San Francisco.
Chu, Y.; Rao, S.G.; Zhang, H. (2000) “A Case for End System Multicast”, Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, p. 1-12.
Deering, S.; Cheriton, D. (1990) “Multicast Routing in Datagrama Internetworks and Extended LANs”. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, v. 8, n. 2, p. 85-110, maio.
Diot, C.; Gautier, L. (1999) “A distributed architecture for multiplayer interactive applications on the Internet”, IEEE Network, 13(4), p. 6-15.
Diot, C.; Levine, B.N.; Lyles, B. et al. (2000) “Deployment issues for the IP multicast Service and Architecture”, IEEE Network, v. 14, n. 1, p. 78-88, janeiro/fevereiro.
Erikson, H. (1994) “MBONE: The Multicast Backbone”, Communications of the ACM, v. 37, n. 8, p. 54-60.
Francis, P. (1999) “Yoid: Extending the Multicast Internet Architecture”. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 21 julho de 2006.
Knutsson, B.; Lu, H.; Xu, W. (2004) “Peer-to-Peer Support for Massively Multiplayer Games”, IEEE INFOCOM.
Li, Z.; Mohapatra, P. (2003) “Hostcast: A new overlay multicasting protocol”, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2003).
Mathy, L.; Canonico, R. e Hutchison, D. (2001) “An Overlay Tree Building Control Protocol”, 3rd International Workshop on Networked Group Communication, (NGC’01), p. 78-87.
Medina, A., Lakhina, A., Matta, I. et al. (2001) “BRITE: An Approach to Universal Topology Generation”. International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems-MASCOTS'01.
Oliveira, J. C.; Georganas, N. D. (2003) “VELVET-An Adaptive Hybrid Architecture for VEry Large Virtual EnvironmenTs “. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, v. 12, n. 6, p. 555-580.
Padmanabhan, V.; Wang, H.; Chou, P. et al. (2002) “Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking”, NOSSDAV'02.
Pendakaris, D.; Shi, S.; Verma, D. et al. (2001) “ALMI: An Application Level Multicast Infrastructure”, 3rd Usenix Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, p. 49-60.
Pereira, W.M.; Vidal, P.C.S.; Ziviani, A. e Oliveira, J.C. (2005) “Emprego de Protocolos Multicast na Camada de Aplicação no Suporte a Ambientes Virtuais Colaborativos”, Workshop de Teses e Dissertações, XI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web – WebMídia'2005.
Ratnasamy, S.; Francis, P.; Handley, M.; Karp, R. e Shenker, S. (2001a) “A Scalable Content-Addressable Network”, SIGCOMM’01, p. 27-31.
Ratnasamy, S.; Handley, M.; Karp, R. e Shenker, S. (2001b) “Application-level Multicast using Content-Addressable Networks”, International Workshop on Networked Group Communication, p. 14-29.
Ratnasamy, S.; Handley, M.; Karp, R. e Shenker, S. (2002) “Topologically-aware overlay construction and server selection”, IEEE INFOCOM '02.
Roca, V.; El-Sayed, A. (2001) “A host-based Multicast (HBM) Solution for Group Communications”, IEEE International Conference on Networking (ICN’01), p. 610-619.
Rowstron, A.; Druschel, P. (2001) “Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location, and routing for large-scale Peer-to-Peer systems”. International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (IFIP/ACM), p. 329-350.
Shi, S. Y.; Turner, J. S. (2002) “Routing in Overlay Multicasting Networks”, IEEE INFOCOM 2002, v. 3, p. 1200-1208.
Singh, G.; Serra, L.; Png, W. et al. (1995) “BrickNet: Sharing Object Behavious on the Net”, Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS’95), p. 19-25. IEEE Computer Society Press, março.
Singhal, S., Zyda, M. (1999) “Networked Virtual Environments – Design and Implementation”, Addison Wesley, 330 p., ISBN 0-201-32557-8.
Tyan, H. (2002) “Design, realization and evaluation of a component-base compositional software architecture for network simulation”, Tese de Doutorado, Graduate School of The Ohio State University.
Tran, D.A.; Hua, K.A.; Do, T. (2003) “ZIGZAG: An Efficient Peer-to-Peer Scheme for Media Streaming”, IEEE INFOCOM, v. 2, p. 1283-1292.
Waters, R.C.; Anderson, D. B.; Shewenke, D. L. (1997) “The Interactive Sharing Transfer Protocol Version 1.0”, MERL Technical. Report n. TR-97-10.
Waxman, B. M. (1988) “Routing of multipoint connections”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 6:1617-1622.
Wloka, M. (1995) “Lag in multiprocessor VR”, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(1), p. 50-63.
Zhuang, S. Q.; Zhao, B. Y.; Joseph, A.D. et al. (2001) “Bayeux: An Architecture for Scalable and Fault-tolerant Wide-are Data Dissemination”, ACM NOSSDAV’01, p. 11-20.
Publicado
30/06/2007
Como Citar
PEREIRA, Welsing M.; ZIVIANI, Artur; OLIVEIRA, Jauvane C. de; VIDAL, Paulo C. S..
Avaliação do Protocolo CAN Multicast no Suporte a Ambientes Virtuais Colaborativos. In: WORKSHOP EM DESEMPENHO DE SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS E DE COMUNICAÇÃO (WPERFORMANCE), 6. , 2007, Rio de Janeiro/RJ.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2007
.
p. 673-689.
ISSN 2595-6167.
