Avaliando aspectos de tolerância a falhas em protocolos de roteamento para redes de sensores sem fio
Resumo
Tolerância a falhas é um requisito essencial para o projeto de protocolos e aplicações para Redes de sensores sem fio (RSSF), pois falhas de hardware e comunicação são frequentes. Neste trabalho estudamos o comportamento de protocolos de roteamento para redes de disseminação contínua de dados perante a ocorrência de falhas. Apresentamos os principais agentes causadores de falhas silenciosas, incluindo ataques de segurança. Classificamos estas falhas quanto a extensão e persistência, e utilizamos esta classificação para avaliar, via simulação, protocolos de roteamento para redes de disseminação contínua de dados. Verificamos que falhas em grandes regiões da rede são o tipo mais prejudicial, e mostramos como protocolos de roteamento podem economizar energia desligando temporariamente nós isolados da rede.
Referências
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Algirdas Avizienis, Jean-Claude Laprie, Brian Randell, and Carl Landwehr. Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing. IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput., 1(1):11–33, 2004.
Matthias Hollick, Ivan Martinovic, Tronje Krop, and Ivica Rimac. A Survey on Dependable Routing in Sensor Networks, Ad hoc Networks, and Cellular Networks. In Proceedings of the 30th IEEE EUROMICRO Conference 2004, pages 495–502, Rennes, France, September 2004.
Farinaz Koushanfar, Miodrag Potkonjak, and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. Fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. In Handbook of Sensor Networks: Compact Wireless and Wired Sensing Systems. CRC Press, 2004.
Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman and Anantha Chandrakasan and Hari Balakrishnan. Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2000.
K. Sohrabi and J. Gao and V. Ailawadhi and G. Pottie. Protocols for Self-Organization of a Wireless Sensor Network. IEEE Personal Communications, 7(5):16–27, 2000.
Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan, Deborah Estrin, John Heidemann, and Fabio Silva. Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking. ACM/IEEE Transactions on Networking, 11(1):2–16, February 2002.
Chris Karlof, Yaping Li, and Joseph Polastre. ARRIVE: Algorithm for robust routing in volatile environments. Technical Report UCB//CSD-03-1233, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2003.
Deepak Ganesan and Ramesh Govindan and Scott Shenker and Deborah Estrin. Highly-Resilient, Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev., 5(4):11–25, 2001.
Douglas S. J. De Couto, Daniel Aguayo, John Bicket, and Robert Morris. A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom ’03), San Diego, California, September 2003.
Alec Woo, Terence Tong, and David Culler. Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pages 14–27. ACM Press, 2003.
Marcos Augusto M. Vieira, Luis Filipe M. Vieira, Linnyer Beatrys Ruiz, Antonio Alfredo F. Loureiro, Antônio O. Fernandes, José Marcos S. Nogueira, and Diógenes Cecílio da Silva Jr. Como Obter o Mapa de Energia em Redes de Sensores Sem Fio? Uma Abordagem Tolerante a Falhas. In Anais do 5o. Workshop de Comunicação sem Fio (WCSF), pages 183–189, 2003.
Gunjan Khanna, Saurabh Bagchi, and Yu-Sung Wu. Fault tolerant energy aware data dissemination protocol in sensor networks. In IEEE Dependable Systems and Networks Conference, June 2004.
R. Szewczyk, J. Polastre, A. Mainwaring, and D. Culler. Lessons from a sensor network expedition. In Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Sensor Networks (EWSN), pages 307–322, Jan 2004.
Azzedine Boukerche, Xiuzhen Cheng, and Joseph Linus. Energy-aware data-centric routing in microsensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, pages 42–49. ACM Press, 2003.
Daniel F. Macedo, Luiz H. A. Correia, Aldri L. dos Santos, Antonio A. Loureiro, and José M. Nogueira. A pro-active routing protocol for continuous data dissemination wireless sensor networks. In 10th IEEE Symposium on Computer and Communications (ISCC), Jun 2005.
Philip Levis, Sam Madden, Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, Kamin Whitehouse, Alec Woo, David Gay, Jason Hill, Matt Welsh, Eric Brewer, and David Culler. TinyOS: An operating system for wireless sensor networks. In W. Weber, J. Rabaey, and E. Aarts, editors, Ambient Intelligence. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 2004.
Joseph Polastre, Jason Hill, and David Culler. Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pages 95–107. ACM Press, 2004.
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Anthony D. Wood and John A. Stankovic. Denial of service in sensor networks. Computer, 35(10):54–62, 2002.
NS-2 simulator. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/, January, 2004.
Benjamin Lussier, Raja Chatila, Felix Ingrand, Marc-Olivier Killijian, and David Powell. On fault tolerance and robustness in autonomous systems. In 3rd IARP-IEEE/RAS-EURON Joint Workshop on Technical Challenges for Dependable Robots in Human Environments, 2004.
The British Computer Society. Grand Challenges in Computing. http://www.nesc.ac.uk/esi/events/Grand_Challenges/, 2004.
Linnyer Beatrys Ruiz, Antonio A. F. Loureiro, and Jose Marcos Nogueira. Functional and information models for the MANNA architecture. In GRES03 - Colloque Francophone sur la Gestion de Reseaux et de Services, pages 455–470, February 2003.
Algirdas Avizienis, Jean-Claude Laprie, Brian Randell, and Carl Landwehr. Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing. IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput., 1(1):11–33, 2004.
Matthias Hollick, Ivan Martinovic, Tronje Krop, and Ivica Rimac. A Survey on Dependable Routing in Sensor Networks, Ad hoc Networks, and Cellular Networks. In Proceedings of the 30th IEEE EUROMICRO Conference 2004, pages 495–502, Rennes, France, September 2004.
Farinaz Koushanfar, Miodrag Potkonjak, and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. Fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. In Handbook of Sensor Networks: Compact Wireless and Wired Sensing Systems. CRC Press, 2004.
Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman and Anantha Chandrakasan and Hari Balakrishnan. Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2000.
K. Sohrabi and J. Gao and V. Ailawadhi and G. Pottie. Protocols for Self-Organization of a Wireless Sensor Network. IEEE Personal Communications, 7(5):16–27, 2000.
Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan, Deborah Estrin, John Heidemann, and Fabio Silva. Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking. ACM/IEEE Transactions on Networking, 11(1):2–16, February 2002.
Chris Karlof, Yaping Li, and Joseph Polastre. ARRIVE: Algorithm for robust routing in volatile environments. Technical Report UCB//CSD-03-1233, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2003.
Deepak Ganesan and Ramesh Govindan and Scott Shenker and Deborah Estrin. Highly-Resilient, Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev., 5(4):11–25, 2001.
Douglas S. J. De Couto, Daniel Aguayo, John Bicket, and Robert Morris. A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom ’03), San Diego, California, September 2003.
Alec Woo, Terence Tong, and David Culler. Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pages 14–27. ACM Press, 2003.
Marcos Augusto M. Vieira, Luis Filipe M. Vieira, Linnyer Beatrys Ruiz, Antonio Alfredo F. Loureiro, Antônio O. Fernandes, José Marcos S. Nogueira, and Diógenes Cecílio da Silva Jr. Como Obter o Mapa de Energia em Redes de Sensores Sem Fio? Uma Abordagem Tolerante a Falhas. In Anais do 5o. Workshop de Comunicação sem Fio (WCSF), pages 183–189, 2003.
Gunjan Khanna, Saurabh Bagchi, and Yu-Sung Wu. Fault tolerant energy aware data dissemination protocol in sensor networks. In IEEE Dependable Systems and Networks Conference, June 2004.
R. Szewczyk, J. Polastre, A. Mainwaring, and D. Culler. Lessons from a sensor network expedition. In Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Sensor Networks (EWSN), pages 307–322, Jan 2004.
Azzedine Boukerche, Xiuzhen Cheng, and Joseph Linus. Energy-aware data-centric routing in microsensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, pages 42–49. ACM Press, 2003.
Daniel F. Macedo, Luiz H. A. Correia, Aldri L. dos Santos, Antonio A. Loureiro, and José M. Nogueira. A pro-active routing protocol for continuous data dissemination wireless sensor networks. In 10th IEEE Symposium on Computer and Communications (ISCC), Jun 2005.
Philip Levis, Sam Madden, Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, Kamin Whitehouse, Alec Woo, David Gay, Jason Hill, Matt Welsh, Eric Brewer, and David Culler. TinyOS: An operating system for wireless sensor networks. In W. Weber, J. Rabaey, and E. Aarts, editors, Ambient Intelligence. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 2004.
Joseph Polastre, Jason Hill, and David Culler. Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pages 95–107. ACM Press, 2004.
CC1000. Chipcom corporation. CC1000 low power FSK transceiver. http://www.chipcom.com, 2004.
Bernhard Walke, Norbert Esseling, Jörg Habetha, Andreas Hettich, Arndt Kadelka, Stefan Mangold, Jörg Peetz, and Ulrich Vornefeld. IP over Wireless Mobile ATM - Guaranteed Wireless QoS by HiperLAN/2. Proceedings of the IEEE, 89:21–40, Jan 2001.
Anthony D. Wood and John A. Stankovic. Denial of service in sensor networks. Computer, 35(10):54–62, 2002.
NS-2 simulator. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/, January, 2004.
Publicado
09/05/2005
Como Citar
MACEDO, Daniel F.; CORREIA, Luiz H. A.; SANTOS, Aldri L. dos; LOUREIRO, Antonio A. F.; NOGUEIRA, José Marcos S..
Avaliando aspectos de tolerância a falhas em protocolos de roteamento para redes de sensores sem fio. In: WORKSHOP DE TESTES E TOLERÂNCIA A FALHAS (WTF), 6. , 2005, Fortaleza/CE.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2005
.
p. 13-24.
ISSN 2595-2684.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wtf.2005.23364.
