Refinamiento de un proceso de elicitación de requisitos basado en Design Thinking
Resumo
Los procesos de elicitación de requisitos tienen una serie de desafíos y limitaciones en cuanto al foco en el proceso del negocio, la transparencia del sistema y el lidiar con la complejidad producto de la interdependencia. El enfoque de Design Thinking, centrado en las personas y en comprender el contexto de los problemas, puede aportar a resolverlos. En este artículo se presenta el estado actual de un proceso de elicitación de requisitos basado en Design Thinking propuesto para resolver algunos de los desafíos de los procesos existentes. Está compuesto por tres actividades: empatizar, sintetizar e idear. También se presentan los resultados de un focus group que se realizó con el objetivo de obtener feedback de expertos sobre el proceso, concretamente sobre el rol de la empatía en el proceso, su dominio de aplicación y actividades. Los resultados confirman vla utilidad del proceso y también generan una serie de enseñanzas que permitirán continuar refinándolo.
Palavras-chave:
Elicitación de requisitos, design thinking, focus group
Referências
Brown, T. (2008, June 1). Design Thinking. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2008/06/design-thinking
Canedo, E. D., Calazans, A. T. S., Silva, G. R. S., Costa, P. H. T., De Mesquita, R. P., & Masson, E. T. S. (2022). Creativity and Design Thinking as Facilitators in Requirements Elicitatio n. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 32 (10), 1527-1558. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218194022500607
de Souza Filho, J. C., Nakamura, W. T., Teixeira, L. M., da Silva, R. P., Gadelha, B. F., & Conte, T. U. ( 2021). Towards a Data Driven Requirements Elicitation Tool through the Lens of Design Thinking. 2, 283-290. Scopus.
Ferreira Martins, H., Carvalho de Oliveira Junior, A., Dias Canedo, E., Dias Kosloski, R. A., Ávila Paldês, R., & Costa Oliveira, E. (2019). Desi gn Thinking: Challenges for Software Requirements Elicitation. Information, 10 (12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/info10120371
Framework for Innovation: Design Council’s evolved Double Diamond. (2019). Framework for Innovation: Design Council’s Evolv ed Double Diamond. [link]
Hehn, J., Mendez, D., Uebernickel, F., Brenner, W., & Broy, M. (2020). On Integrating Design Thin king for Human Centered Requirements Engineering. IEEE Software, 37 (2), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2019.2957715
Hehn, J., Uebernickel, F., Stoeckli, E., & Brenner, W. (n.d.). Designing Human Centric Information Systems: Towards an Understanding of Challenges in Specifying Requirements within Design Thinking Projects. 12.
Institute of Design at Stanford. (2010). An Introduction to Design Thinking PROCESS GUIDE Stanford. [link]
Jarke, M., Loucopoulos, P., Lyytinen, K., Mylopoulos, J., & Robinson, W. (2010). The brave new world of design requirements: Four key principles. International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, 470-482. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-13094-6_36
Kahan, E., Genero, M., & Oliveros, A. (2019). Challenges in Requirement Engineering: Could Design Thinking Help? In M. Piattini, P. Rupino da Cunha, I. García Rodríguez de Guzmán, & R. Pérez Cas tillo (Eds.), Quality of Information and Communications Technology (pp. 79-86). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29238-6_6
Kahan, E., Insfran, E., Genero, M., & Oliveros, A. (2022). Studying the Influence of Empathy Maps on Brainstorming for Requirements Elicitation: A Quasi Experiment. In E. Insfran, F. González, S. Abrahão, M. Fernández, C. Barry, M. Lang, H. Linger, & C. Schneider (Eds.), Advances in Information Systems Development (pp. 199-217). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95354-6_12
Kahan, Ezequiel, Oliveros, Alejandro, & Genero, Marcela. (2021). A systematic mapping study on the application of design thinking in requirement engineering. Computación y Sistemas.
Kontio, J., Brag ge, J., & Lehtola, L. (2008). The Focus Group Method as an Empirical Tool in Software Engineering. In F. Shull, J. Singer, & D. I. K. Sjøberg (Eds.), Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering (pp. 93-116). Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-044-5_4
Köppen, E., & Meinel, C. (2015). Empathy via Design Thinking: Creation of Sense and Knowledge. In H. Plattner, C. Meinel, & L. Leifer (Eds.), Design Thinking Research: Building Innovators (pp. 15-28). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06823-7_2
Levy, M., & Huli, C. (2019). Design thinking in a nutshell for eliciting requirements of a business process: A case study of a design thinking workshop. 2019-September, 351-356. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2019.00044
Loucopoulos, P., & Karakostas, V. (1995). System Requirements Engineering. McGraw Hill, Inc.
Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., & Robinson, W. N. (Eds.). (2009). Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten Year Perspective: Design Requirements Workshop, Cleveland, OH, USA, June 3-6, 2007, Revised and Invited Papers. Springer Verlag. https://www.springer.com/la/book/9783540929659
Meireles, M., Souza, A., Conte, T., & Maldonado, J. (2021). Organizing the Design Thinking Toolbox: Supporting th e Requirements Elicitation Decision Making. 285-290. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1145/3474624.3477064
Canedo, E. D., Calazans, A. T. S., Silva, G. R. S., Costa, P. H. T., De Mesquita, R. P., & Masson, E. T. S. (2022). Creativity and Design Thinking as Facilitators in Requirements Elicitatio n. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 32 (10), 1527-1558. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218194022500607
de Souza Filho, J. C., Nakamura, W. T., Teixeira, L. M., da Silva, R. P., Gadelha, B. F., & Conte, T. U. ( 2021). Towards a Data Driven Requirements Elicitation Tool through the Lens of Design Thinking. 2, 283-290. Scopus.
Ferreira Martins, H., Carvalho de Oliveira Junior, A., Dias Canedo, E., Dias Kosloski, R. A., Ávila Paldês, R., & Costa Oliveira, E. (2019). Desi gn Thinking: Challenges for Software Requirements Elicitation. Information, 10 (12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/info10120371
Framework for Innovation: Design Council’s evolved Double Diamond. (2019). Framework for Innovation: Design Council’s Evolv ed Double Diamond. [link]
Hehn, J., Mendez, D., Uebernickel, F., Brenner, W., & Broy, M. (2020). On Integrating Design Thin king for Human Centered Requirements Engineering. IEEE Software, 37 (2), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2019.2957715
Hehn, J., Uebernickel, F., Stoeckli, E., & Brenner, W. (n.d.). Designing Human Centric Information Systems: Towards an Understanding of Challenges in Specifying Requirements within Design Thinking Projects. 12.
Institute of Design at Stanford. (2010). An Introduction to Design Thinking PROCESS GUIDE Stanford. [link]
Jarke, M., Loucopoulos, P., Lyytinen, K., Mylopoulos, J., & Robinson, W. (2010). The brave new world of design requirements: Four key principles. International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, 470-482. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-13094-6_36
Kahan, E., Genero, M., & Oliveros, A. (2019). Challenges in Requirement Engineering: Could Design Thinking Help? In M. Piattini, P. Rupino da Cunha, I. García Rodríguez de Guzmán, & R. Pérez Cas tillo (Eds.), Quality of Information and Communications Technology (pp. 79-86). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29238-6_6
Kahan, E., Insfran, E., Genero, M., & Oliveros, A. (2022). Studying the Influence of Empathy Maps on Brainstorming for Requirements Elicitation: A Quasi Experiment. In E. Insfran, F. González, S. Abrahão, M. Fernández, C. Barry, M. Lang, H. Linger, & C. Schneider (Eds.), Advances in Information Systems Development (pp. 199-217). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95354-6_12
Kahan, Ezequiel, Oliveros, Alejandro, & Genero, Marcela. (2021). A systematic mapping study on the application of design thinking in requirement engineering. Computación y Sistemas.
Kontio, J., Brag ge, J., & Lehtola, L. (2008). The Focus Group Method as an Empirical Tool in Software Engineering. In F. Shull, J. Singer, & D. I. K. Sjøberg (Eds.), Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering (pp. 93-116). Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-044-5_4
Köppen, E., & Meinel, C. (2015). Empathy via Design Thinking: Creation of Sense and Knowledge. In H. Plattner, C. Meinel, & L. Leifer (Eds.), Design Thinking Research: Building Innovators (pp. 15-28). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06823-7_2
Levy, M., & Huli, C. (2019). Design thinking in a nutshell for eliciting requirements of a business process: A case study of a design thinking workshop. 2019-September, 351-356. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2019.00044
Loucopoulos, P., & Karakostas, V. (1995). System Requirements Engineering. McGraw Hill, Inc.
Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., & Robinson, W. N. (Eds.). (2009). Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten Year Perspective: Design Requirements Workshop, Cleveland, OH, USA, June 3-6, 2007, Revised and Invited Papers. Springer Verlag. https://www.springer.com/la/book/9783540929659
Meireles, M., Souza, A., Conte, T., & Maldonado, J. (2021). Organizing the Design Thinking Toolbox: Supporting th e Requirements Elicitation Decision Making. 285-290. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1145/3474624.3477064
Publicado
24/04/2023
Como Citar
KAHAN, Ezequiel; GENERO, Marcela; OLIVEROS, Alejandro.
Refinamiento de un proceso de elicitación de requisitos basado en Design Thinking. In: CONGRESSO IBERO-AMERICANO EM ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE (CIBSE), 26. , 2023, Montevideo, Uruguai.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 214-228.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/cibse.2023.24705.
