Lack of Diversity: Are you part of the problem or its solution?
Resumo
Do Computing courses properly prepare students for dealing with diversity, equity and inclusion? This essay delves into such a question by presenting a survey taken by Computing educators, and discussing issues, solutions and challenges within different Computing areas. It is also a call to action, because when dealing with such matters, there is no being on the fence: a person is either part of the problem or working towards its solution.
Palavras-chave:
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Computing Higher Education
Referências
Muhammad Ali et al. 2019. Discrimination through Optimization: How Facebook’s Ad Delivery Can Lead to Biased Outcomes. In CSCW. ACM, New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359301.
Renata Araujo et al. 2019. Referenciais de Formação para os Cursos de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Computação 2019. SBC, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Lotte Bailyn. 2003. Academic Careers and Gender Equity: Lessons Learned from MIT. Gender, Work and Org. 10, 2, 137–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0432.00008.
Ross J. Benbow and Erika Vivyan. 2016. Gender and Belonging in Undergraduate Computer Science: A Comparative Case Study of Student Experiences in Gateway Courses. Technical Report WCER No. 2016-2. Un. Wisconsin–Madison.
Katerina Bezrukova et al. 2016. A meta-analytical integration of over 40 years of research on diversity training evaluation. Psychological Bulletin 142, 11, 1227–1274. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000067.
Brianna Blaser et al. 2018. Including Disability in Diversity. In RESPECT. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT.2018.8491717.
Colin R. Blyth. 1972. On Simpson’s Paradox and the Sure-Thing Principle. JSTOR 67, 338, 364–366. https://doi.org/10.2307/2284382.
Leah Buechley et al. 2008. The LilyPad Arduino: Using Computational Textiles to Investigate Engagement, Aesthetics, and Diversity in Computer Science Education. In SIGCHI. ACM, 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357123.
Americo B. Cunha and Alberto G. Canen. 2008. Requirements gathering in information technology: a Cross-cultural perspective. In ProComm. IEEE, 1–8.
Reudismam de Sousa et al. 2021. Investigando as Dificuldades e Perspectivas sobre um Curso de Engenharia de Software de Dois Ciclos: Um Survey com a Visão Discente. In EduComp. SBC. https://doi.org/10.5753/educomp.2021.14471.
ACM Data Science Task Force. 2021. Computing Competencies for Undergraduate Data Science Curricula. ACM.
CC2020 Task Force. 2020. Computing Curricula 2020: Paradigms for Global Computing Education. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3467967.
Yuka Fujimoto and Jasim Uddin. 2021. Inclusive Leadership for Reduced Inequality: Economic–Social–Economic Cycle of Inclusion. Journal of Business Ethics online. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04920-2.
Kelly Gaither. 2017. How Visualization Can Foster Diversity and Inclusion in Next-Generation Science. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 37, 5, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2017.3621230.
Juan C. Garibay. 2015. Creating a Positive Classroom Climate for Diversity. UCLA Faculty Diversity & Development, Los Angeles, CA, USA. https://equity.ucla.edu.
Vinícius P. Gonçalves et al. 2011. Interação de Idosos Com Celulares: Flexibilidade Para Atender a Diversidade. In IHC. SBC, Porto de Galinhas, PE, Brazil, 343–352.
Joanna Goode. 2008. Increasing Diversity in K-12 Computer Science: Strategies from the Field. SIGCSE Bull 40, 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/1352322.1352259.
Mariam Guizani et al. 2020. Gender Inclusivity as a Quality Requirement: Practices and Pitfalls. IEEE Softw. 37, 6. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2020.3019540.
David A. Harrison and Katherine J. Klein. 2007. What’s the difference? diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review 32, 4, 1199–1228. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586096.
David A. Harrison and Hock-Peng Sin. 2006. What Is Diversity and How Should It Be Measured? In Handbook of workplace diversity, A. M. Konrad et al. (Eds.). Sage, Newbury Park, CA, 191–216. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848608092.n9.
Casper Harteveld et al. 2020. Gaming4All: Reflecting on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for Game-Based Engineering Education. In FIE. IEEE, Uppsala, Sweden, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE44824.2020.9274176.
Erika L. D. Head et al. 2021. Improving Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Doctoral Computing Education. In SIGCSE. ACM, Virtual Event, USA, 764–765. https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432577.
Sylvia Ann Hewlett, Melinda Marshall, and Laura Sherbin. 2013. How diversity can drive innovation. Harvard Business Review December. Vivian Hunt et al. 2018. Delivering through diversity. Technical Report. McKinsey & Company. [link].
David James and Lelia Hampton. 2020. Using Black Music as a bridge to understanding introductory programming concepts. In RESPECT. IEEE, Portland, Oregon, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT49803.2020.9272409.
W. Brad Johnson and David G. Smith. 2021. Advancing Gender Equity as You Lead out of the Pandemic. Harvard Business Review October. Keith Kirkpatrick. 2021. Algorithmic Poverty. Commun. ACM 64, 10, 11–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3479977.
Marina Krakovsky. 2021. A Model Restoration. Commun. ACM 64, 9, 13–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3474353.
Äli Leijen et al. 2021. The Dilemma of Inclusive Education: Inclusion for Some or Inclusion for All. Fronts Psych. 12, 3925. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633066.
Colleen Lewis et al. 2019. Alignment of Goals and Perceptions of Computing Predicts Students’ Sense of Belonging in Computing. In ICER. ACM, Toronto ON, Canada, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3291279.3339426.
Robert Livingston. 2020. How to Promote Racial Equity in the Workplace. Harvard Business Review September-October.
Ana Luiza Lorens et al. 2020. Participação Feminina em Comitês de Programa de Simpósios da Computação. In WIT (Cuiabá). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90–99. https://doi.org/10.5753/wit.2020.11279.
Tia C. Madkins et al. 2019. Culturally Relevant Computer Science Pedagogy: From Theory to Practice. In RESPECT. IEEE, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT46404.2019.8985773.
Ana Luíza Milson et al. 2020. Elas na Ciência: Website com Jogos para Divulgar Personalidades Femininas. In WIT (Cuiabá). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.5753/wit.2020.11271.
Jason H. Moore et al. 2021. Ten important roles for academic leaders to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion in data science. BioData Mining 14, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-021-00256-9.
Vânia Paula de Almeida Neris et al. 2021. Addressing Brazilian diversity in personal computing systems with a tailoring-based approach. Pers Ubiquit Comput 25, 297–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-020-01444-w.
Joint Task Force on Cybersecurity Education. 2018. Cybersecurity Curricula: Curriculum Guidelines for Post-Secondary Degree Programs in Cybersecurity. ACM.
Roberto Pereira, Leticia Peres, and Fabiano Silva. 2021. Hello World: 17 habilidades para exercitar desde o início da graduação em computação. In EduComp. SBC. https://doi.org/10.5753/educomp.2021.14485.
Timothy M. Pinkston. 2021. Valuing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Our Computing Community. https://www.acm.org/diversity-inclusion/dei-in-computing.
Martin Reeves, Leesa Quinlan, Mathieu Lefèvre, and Georg Kell. 2021. How Business Leaders Can Reduce Polarization. Harvard Business Review October.
Karen Ribeiro et al. 2019. Uma análise de gênero a partir de dados da Sociedade Brasileira de Computação. In WIT (Belém). SBC, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 159–163. https://doi.org/10.5753/wit.2019.6729.
Laura Ribeiro et al. 2019. Um Panorama da Atuação da Mulher na Computação. In WIT. SBC, Belém, Brazil, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5753/wit.2019.6707.
Lauren Romansky et al. 2021. How to Measure Inclusion in the Workplace. Harvard Business Review May.
Audrey Rorrer et al. 2021. Understanding Immersive Research Experiences That Build Community, Equity, and Inclusion. In SIGCSE. ACM, Virtual Event, USA, 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432523.
Natália Pinheiro Ramos de Souza and Kiev Gama. 2020. Diversity and Inclusion: Culture and Perception in Information Technology Companies. IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje 15, 4, 352–361. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2020.3033254.
Ramya Srinivasan and Ajay Chander. 2021. Biases in AI Systems. Commun. ACM 64, 8, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1145/3464903.
Simone Stumpf et al. 2020. Gender-Inclusive HCI Research and Design: A Conceptual Review. Found. Trends Hum. Comput. Interact. 13, 1, 1–69. https://doi.org/10.1561/1100000056.
Hannah Thinyaner. 2021. Remaining Connected Throughout Design. Commun. ACM 64, 10, 22–24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3481429.
Michelle D. Trim and Hadi Nishad. 2019. We Learn by Doing: Modeling Inclusive Pedagogy in a Graduate CS Ethics Course. In RESPECT. IEEE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT46404.2019.8985698.
Luther Tychonievich and James P. Cohoon. 2020. Lessons Learned from Providing Hundreds of Hours of Diversity Training. In SIGCSE. ACM, Portland, OR, USA, 206–212. https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3366930.
Alice Udvari-Solner. 1996. Theoretical Influences on the Establishment of Inclusive Practices. Cambridge Journal of Education 26, 1, 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764960260108.
UNDP. 2021. Gender Diversity and Inclusion for a Fair Business Environment. UN Development Programme, NYC, USA. Available at: [link].
UNESCO. 2017. A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. UNESCO, Paris, France. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000248254.
Monique Volman and Edith van Eck. 2001. Gender Equity and Information Technology in Education: The Second Decade. Review of Educational Research 71, 4, 613–634. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543071004613.
Kendra Walther and Richard E. Ladner. 2021. Broadening Participation by Teaching Accessibility. Commun. ACM 64, 10, 19–21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3481356.
Judy Weng and Christian Murphy. 2018. Bridging the Diversity Gap in Computer Science with a Course on Open Source Software. In RESPECT. IEEE, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT.2018.8491720.
Michael R. Wick. 2009. Using Programming to Help Students Understand the Value of Diversity. In SIGCSE. ACM, Chattanooga, TN, USA, 367–371. https://doi.org/10.1145/1508865.1508997.
Jessica Zeitz and Karen Anewalt. 2021. Creating a Repository of Diversity and Inclusion Assignments for Computer Science. In SIGCSE. ACM, Virtual Event, USA, 1321. https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3439654.
Ninger Zhou, Debra Richardson, and Mark Warschauer. 2018. Promoting High School Teachers’ Self-efficacy and the Understanding of Equity Issues in CS Classrooms. In RESPECT. 1–8.
Avelino F. Zorzo et al. 2017. Referenciais de Formação para os Cursos de Graduação em Computação. SBC, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Renata Araujo et al. 2019. Referenciais de Formação para os Cursos de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Computação 2019. SBC, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Lotte Bailyn. 2003. Academic Careers and Gender Equity: Lessons Learned from MIT. Gender, Work and Org. 10, 2, 137–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0432.00008.
Ross J. Benbow and Erika Vivyan. 2016. Gender and Belonging in Undergraduate Computer Science: A Comparative Case Study of Student Experiences in Gateway Courses. Technical Report WCER No. 2016-2. Un. Wisconsin–Madison.
Katerina Bezrukova et al. 2016. A meta-analytical integration of over 40 years of research on diversity training evaluation. Psychological Bulletin 142, 11, 1227–1274. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000067.
Brianna Blaser et al. 2018. Including Disability in Diversity. In RESPECT. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT.2018.8491717.
Colin R. Blyth. 1972. On Simpson’s Paradox and the Sure-Thing Principle. JSTOR 67, 338, 364–366. https://doi.org/10.2307/2284382.
Leah Buechley et al. 2008. The LilyPad Arduino: Using Computational Textiles to Investigate Engagement, Aesthetics, and Diversity in Computer Science Education. In SIGCHI. ACM, 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357123.
Americo B. Cunha and Alberto G. Canen. 2008. Requirements gathering in information technology: a Cross-cultural perspective. In ProComm. IEEE, 1–8.
Reudismam de Sousa et al. 2021. Investigando as Dificuldades e Perspectivas sobre um Curso de Engenharia de Software de Dois Ciclos: Um Survey com a Visão Discente. In EduComp. SBC. https://doi.org/10.5753/educomp.2021.14471.
ACM Data Science Task Force. 2021. Computing Competencies for Undergraduate Data Science Curricula. ACM.
CC2020 Task Force. 2020. Computing Curricula 2020: Paradigms for Global Computing Education. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3467967.
Yuka Fujimoto and Jasim Uddin. 2021. Inclusive Leadership for Reduced Inequality: Economic–Social–Economic Cycle of Inclusion. Journal of Business Ethics online. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04920-2.
Kelly Gaither. 2017. How Visualization Can Foster Diversity and Inclusion in Next-Generation Science. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 37, 5, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2017.3621230.
Juan C. Garibay. 2015. Creating a Positive Classroom Climate for Diversity. UCLA Faculty Diversity & Development, Los Angeles, CA, USA. https://equity.ucla.edu.
Vinícius P. Gonçalves et al. 2011. Interação de Idosos Com Celulares: Flexibilidade Para Atender a Diversidade. In IHC. SBC, Porto de Galinhas, PE, Brazil, 343–352.
Joanna Goode. 2008. Increasing Diversity in K-12 Computer Science: Strategies from the Field. SIGCSE Bull 40, 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/1352322.1352259.
Mariam Guizani et al. 2020. Gender Inclusivity as a Quality Requirement: Practices and Pitfalls. IEEE Softw. 37, 6. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2020.3019540.
David A. Harrison and Katherine J. Klein. 2007. What’s the difference? diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review 32, 4, 1199–1228. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586096.
David A. Harrison and Hock-Peng Sin. 2006. What Is Diversity and How Should It Be Measured? In Handbook of workplace diversity, A. M. Konrad et al. (Eds.). Sage, Newbury Park, CA, 191–216. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848608092.n9.
Casper Harteveld et al. 2020. Gaming4All: Reflecting on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for Game-Based Engineering Education. In FIE. IEEE, Uppsala, Sweden, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE44824.2020.9274176.
Erika L. D. Head et al. 2021. Improving Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Doctoral Computing Education. In SIGCSE. ACM, Virtual Event, USA, 764–765. https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432577.
Sylvia Ann Hewlett, Melinda Marshall, and Laura Sherbin. 2013. How diversity can drive innovation. Harvard Business Review December. Vivian Hunt et al. 2018. Delivering through diversity. Technical Report. McKinsey & Company. [link].
David James and Lelia Hampton. 2020. Using Black Music as a bridge to understanding introductory programming concepts. In RESPECT. IEEE, Portland, Oregon, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT49803.2020.9272409.
W. Brad Johnson and David G. Smith. 2021. Advancing Gender Equity as You Lead out of the Pandemic. Harvard Business Review October. Keith Kirkpatrick. 2021. Algorithmic Poverty. Commun. ACM 64, 10, 11–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3479977.
Marina Krakovsky. 2021. A Model Restoration. Commun. ACM 64, 9, 13–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3474353.
Äli Leijen et al. 2021. The Dilemma of Inclusive Education: Inclusion for Some or Inclusion for All. Fronts Psych. 12, 3925. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633066.
Colleen Lewis et al. 2019. Alignment of Goals and Perceptions of Computing Predicts Students’ Sense of Belonging in Computing. In ICER. ACM, Toronto ON, Canada, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3291279.3339426.
Robert Livingston. 2020. How to Promote Racial Equity in the Workplace. Harvard Business Review September-October.
Ana Luiza Lorens et al. 2020. Participação Feminina em Comitês de Programa de Simpósios da Computação. In WIT (Cuiabá). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90–99. https://doi.org/10.5753/wit.2020.11279.
Tia C. Madkins et al. 2019. Culturally Relevant Computer Science Pedagogy: From Theory to Practice. In RESPECT. IEEE, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT46404.2019.8985773.
Ana Luíza Milson et al. 2020. Elas na Ciência: Website com Jogos para Divulgar Personalidades Femininas. In WIT (Cuiabá). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.5753/wit.2020.11271.
Jason H. Moore et al. 2021. Ten important roles for academic leaders to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion in data science. BioData Mining 14, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-021-00256-9.
Vânia Paula de Almeida Neris et al. 2021. Addressing Brazilian diversity in personal computing systems with a tailoring-based approach. Pers Ubiquit Comput 25, 297–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-020-01444-w.
Joint Task Force on Cybersecurity Education. 2018. Cybersecurity Curricula: Curriculum Guidelines for Post-Secondary Degree Programs in Cybersecurity. ACM.
Roberto Pereira, Leticia Peres, and Fabiano Silva. 2021. Hello World: 17 habilidades para exercitar desde o início da graduação em computação. In EduComp. SBC. https://doi.org/10.5753/educomp.2021.14485.
Timothy M. Pinkston. 2021. Valuing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Our Computing Community. https://www.acm.org/diversity-inclusion/dei-in-computing.
Martin Reeves, Leesa Quinlan, Mathieu Lefèvre, and Georg Kell. 2021. How Business Leaders Can Reduce Polarization. Harvard Business Review October.
Karen Ribeiro et al. 2019. Uma análise de gênero a partir de dados da Sociedade Brasileira de Computação. In WIT (Belém). SBC, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 159–163. https://doi.org/10.5753/wit.2019.6729.
Laura Ribeiro et al. 2019. Um Panorama da Atuação da Mulher na Computação. In WIT. SBC, Belém, Brazil, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5753/wit.2019.6707.
Lauren Romansky et al. 2021. How to Measure Inclusion in the Workplace. Harvard Business Review May.
Audrey Rorrer et al. 2021. Understanding Immersive Research Experiences That Build Community, Equity, and Inclusion. In SIGCSE. ACM, Virtual Event, USA, 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432523.
Natália Pinheiro Ramos de Souza and Kiev Gama. 2020. Diversity and Inclusion: Culture and Perception in Information Technology Companies. IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje 15, 4, 352–361. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2020.3033254.
Ramya Srinivasan and Ajay Chander. 2021. Biases in AI Systems. Commun. ACM 64, 8, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1145/3464903.
Simone Stumpf et al. 2020. Gender-Inclusive HCI Research and Design: A Conceptual Review. Found. Trends Hum. Comput. Interact. 13, 1, 1–69. https://doi.org/10.1561/1100000056.
Hannah Thinyaner. 2021. Remaining Connected Throughout Design. Commun. ACM 64, 10, 22–24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3481429.
Michelle D. Trim and Hadi Nishad. 2019. We Learn by Doing: Modeling Inclusive Pedagogy in a Graduate CS Ethics Course. In RESPECT. IEEE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT46404.2019.8985698.
Luther Tychonievich and James P. Cohoon. 2020. Lessons Learned from Providing Hundreds of Hours of Diversity Training. In SIGCSE. ACM, Portland, OR, USA, 206–212. https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3366930.
Alice Udvari-Solner. 1996. Theoretical Influences on the Establishment of Inclusive Practices. Cambridge Journal of Education 26, 1, 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764960260108.
UNDP. 2021. Gender Diversity and Inclusion for a Fair Business Environment. UN Development Programme, NYC, USA. Available at: [link].
UNESCO. 2017. A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. UNESCO, Paris, France. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000248254.
Monique Volman and Edith van Eck. 2001. Gender Equity and Information Technology in Education: The Second Decade. Review of Educational Research 71, 4, 613–634. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543071004613.
Kendra Walther and Richard E. Ladner. 2021. Broadening Participation by Teaching Accessibility. Commun. ACM 64, 10, 19–21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3481356.
Judy Weng and Christian Murphy. 2018. Bridging the Diversity Gap in Computer Science with a Course on Open Source Software. In RESPECT. IEEE, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RESPECT.2018.8491720.
Michael R. Wick. 2009. Using Programming to Help Students Understand the Value of Diversity. In SIGCSE. ACM, Chattanooga, TN, USA, 367–371. https://doi.org/10.1145/1508865.1508997.
Jessica Zeitz and Karen Anewalt. 2021. Creating a Repository of Diversity and Inclusion Assignments for Computer Science. In SIGCSE. ACM, Virtual Event, USA, 1321. https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3439654.
Ninger Zhou, Debra Richardson, and Mark Warschauer. 2018. Promoting High School Teachers’ Self-efficacy and the Understanding of Equity Issues in CS Classrooms. In RESPECT. 1–8.
Avelino F. Zorzo et al. 2017. Referenciais de Formação para os Cursos de Graduação em Computação. SBC, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Publicado
24/04/2022
Como Citar
MORO, Mirella M..
Lack of Diversity: Are you part of the problem or its solution?. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE EDUCAÇÃO EM COMPUTAÇÃO (EDUCOMP), 2. , 2022, Online.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2022
.
p. 261-271.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/educomp.2022.19221.
