Association of Sleep Quality with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Computer Science Students
Resumo
The mental health of undergraduate students is becoming a growing concern, with recent studies showing that students in STEM fields such as Computer Science (CS) are most at risk of exhibiting symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, to date there has been little work in understanding the causes of these symptoms. This paper presents the results of a study of 146 undergraduate CS students at a public university in Brazil, in which students' sleep characteristics and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using validated questionnaires. The results demonstrate that 61.0% of CS students reported poor sleep quality, and that 21.9% and 33.6% of CS students were in the clinical anxiety and clinical depression groups, respectively. These results are not unrelated: CS students with poor sleep quality were 6.08 times more likely to be in the clinical anxiety group and were 4.35 times more likely to be in the clinical depression group than CS students with good sleep quality.
Palavras-chave:
mental health, sleep quality, students, Computer Science
Referências
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American College Health Association 2018. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Undergraduate Student Executive Summary. American College Health Association. [link].
American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association,Washington, DC.
Christoph Augner. 2011. Associations of Subjective Sleep Quality with Depression Score, Anxiety, Physical Symptoms and Sleep Onset Latency in Young Students. Central European Journal of Public Health 19, 2, 115–117. https://cejph.szu.cz/artkey/cjp-201102-0010.php
Gerta Bardhoshi, Kelly Duncan, and Bradley T. Erford. 2016. Psychometric Meta-Analysis of the English Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Journal of Counseling & Development 94, 3, 356–373.
Aaron Temkin Beck, Norman Epstein, Gary Brown, and Robert A. Steer. 1988. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 56, 6, 893–897.
Aaron T. Beck, Robert A. Steer, and Margery G. Carbin. 1988. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review 8, 1, 77 – 100. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0272735888900505
Aaron Temkin Beck, C. H. Ward, M. Mendelson, J. Mock, and J. Erbaugh. 1961. An Inventory for Measuring Depression. JAMA Psychiatry 4, 6, 561–571.
Alessandra Naimaier Bertolazi, Simone Chaves Fagondes, Leonardo Santos Hoff, Eduardo Giacomolli Dartora, Ilsis Cristine da Silva Miozzo, Maria Emília Ferreira de Barba, and Sérgio Saldanha Menna Barreto. 2011. Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep Medicine 12, 1, 70–75.
Daniel J. Buysse. 2013. Insomnia. JAMA 309, 7, 706–716.
Daniel J. Buysse, Charles F. Reynolds, Timothy H. Monk, Susan R. Berman, and David J. Kupfer. 1989. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research 28, 2, 193–213.
Mounir Chennaoui, Pierrick J. Arnal, Fabien Sauvet, and Damien Léger. 2015. Sleep and exercise: A reciprocal issue? Sleep Medicine Reviews 20, 59 – 72.
Bongjae Choi, Geumsook Shim, Bumseok Jeong, and Sungho Jo. 2020. Data-driven analysis using multiple self-report questionnaires to identify college students at high risk of depressive disorder. Scientific Reports 10, 7867–.
Giuseppe Curcio, Michele Ferrara, and Luigi De Gennaro. 2006. Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews 10, 5, 323– 337.
Andrew Danowitz and Kacey Beddoes. 2018. Characterizing Mental Health and Wellness in Students Across Engineering Disciplines. Proc. of the 2018 Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference.
Flávia de Lima Osório, José Alexandre S. Crippa, and Sonia Regina Loureiro. 2011. Further psychometric study of the Beck Anxiety Inventory including factorial analysis and social anxiety disorder screening. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 15, 4, 255–262. https://doi.org/10.3109/13651501.2011.605955
Jessica R. Dietch, Daniel J. Taylor, Kevin Sethi, Kimberly Kelly, Adam D. Bramoweth, and Brandy M. Roane. 2016. Psychometric Evaluation of the PSQI in U.S. College Students. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 12, 08, 1121–1129. arXiv: https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/pdf/10.5664/jcsm.6050
João Dinis and Miguel Bragança. 2018. Quality of Sleep and Depression in College Students: A Systematic Review. Sleep Sci. 11, 4, 290–301. http://www.sleepscience.org.br/details/528
Fan Feng, Yingshi Zhang, Jun Hou, Jiayi Cai, Qiyu Jiang, Xiaojuan Li, Qingchun Zhao, and Bo an Li. 2018. Can music improve sleep quality in adults with primary insomnia? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies 77, 189–196.
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Clarice Gorenstein and Laura Andrade. 1996. Validation of a Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Brazilian subjects. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 29, 4, 453—457.
Clarice Gorenstein, Sabine Pompéia, and Laura Andrade. 1995. Scores of Brazilian University Students on the Beck Depression and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventories. Psychological Reports 77, 2, 635–641.
Madhav Goyal, Sonal Singh, Erica M. S. Sibinga, Neda F. Gould, Anastasia Rowland-Seymour, Ritu Sharma, Zackary Berger, Dana Sleicher, David D. Maron, Hasan M. Shihab, Padmini D. Ranasinghe, Shauna Linn, Shonali Saha, Eric B. Bass, and Jennifer A. Haythornthwaite. 2014. Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine 174, 3, 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018
László Harmat, Johanna Takács, and Róbert Bádizs. 2008. Music improves sleep quality in students. Journal of Advanced Nursing 62, 3, 327–335.
Eric O. Johnson, Thomas Roth, and Naomi Breslau. 2006. The association of insomnia with anxiety disorders and depression: Exploration of the direction of risk. Journal of Psychiatric Research 40, 8, 700–708.
Sonja Lyubomirsky and Kristin Layous. 2013. How Do Simple Positive Activities Increase Well-Being? Current Directions in Psychological Science 22, 1, 57–62.
Amanda V. Machado, Camila O. Castro, Carlos R. Botelho Filho, Carolina D. Bruzamolin, Rafaela Scariot, Eduardo Pizzatto, and Marilisa C. L. Gabardo. 2020. Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Dental Students at a Private Brazilian University. The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 61, 1, 27–36.
Kennedy Manley, Laila Arain, and Christian Murphy. 2021. Addressing Sources of Stress and Distress among Undergraduate Computer Science Students. Proc. of the 17th International Conference on Frontiers in Education: Computer Science and Computer Engineering.
Helen M. Milojevich and Angela F. Lukowski. 2016. Sleep and Mental Health in Undergraduate Students with Generally Healthy Sleep Habits. PLOS ONE 11, 6, 1–14.
Maurice Ohayon, Emerson M. Wickwire, Max Hirshkowitz, Steven M. Albert, Alon Avidan, Frank J. Daly, Yves Dauvilliers, Raffaele Ferri, Constance Fung, David Gozal, Nancy Hazen, Andrew Krystal, Kenneth Lichstein, Monica Mallampalli, Giuseppe Plazzi, Robert Rawding, Frank A. Scheer, Virend Somers, and Michael V. Vitiello. 2017. National Sleep Foundation’s sleep quality recommendations: first report. Sleep Health 3, 1, 6–19.
Kana Okano, Jakub R. Kaczmarzyk, Neha Dave, John D. E. Gabrieli, and Jeffrey C. Grossman. 2019. Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students. npj Science of Learning 4, 1, 16.
Galen Panger, Janell Tryon, and AndrewSmith. 2014. Graduate Student Happiness and Well-Being Report. [link].
Sunghee Park, Youngjin Lee, Moonsook Yoo, and Sunyoung Jung. 2019. Wellness and sleep quality in Korean nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Applied Nursing Research 48, 13–18.
Wen-Wang Rao, Wen Li, Han Qi, Liu Hong, Chao Chen, Chun-Yang Li, Chee H. Ng, Gabor S. Ungvari, and Yu-Tao Xiang. 2020. Sleep quality in medical students: a comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. Sleep and Breathing 24, 3, 1151–1165.
Heather L. Rusch, Michael Rosario, Lisa M. Levison, Anlys Olivera, Whitney S. Livingston, Tianxia Wu, and Jessica M. Gill. 2019. The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1445, 1, 5–16.
M. E. Seligman, T. A. Steen, N. Park, and C. Peterson. 2005. Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. Am Psychol 60, 5, 410–421.
Nancy L. Sin and Sonja Lyubomirsky. 2009. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology 65, 5, 467–487.
Lígia Maria Soares Passos, Christian Murphy, Rita Zhen Chen, Marcos Gonçalves de Santana, and Giselle Soares Passos. 2020. The Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Brazilian Computer Science Students. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (Portland, OR, USA) (SIGCSE’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 316–322.
Lígia Maria Soares Passos, Christian Murphy, Rita Zhen Chen, Marcos Gonçalves de Santana, and Giselle Soares Passos. 2022. Association of Positive and Negative Feelings with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Computer Science Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In Anais do II Simpósio Brasileiro de Educação em Computação (Online). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 50–56.
Alycia N. Sullivan Bisson, Stephanie A. Robinson, and Margie E. Lachman. 2019. Walk to a better night of sleep: testing the relationship between physical activity and sleep. Sleep Health 5, 5, 487–494.
American College Health Association 2018. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Undergraduate Student Executive Summary. American College Health Association. [link].
American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association,Washington, DC.
Christoph Augner. 2011. Associations of Subjective Sleep Quality with Depression Score, Anxiety, Physical Symptoms and Sleep Onset Latency in Young Students. Central European Journal of Public Health 19, 2, 115–117. https://cejph.szu.cz/artkey/cjp-201102-0010.php
Gerta Bardhoshi, Kelly Duncan, and Bradley T. Erford. 2016. Psychometric Meta-Analysis of the English Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Journal of Counseling & Development 94, 3, 356–373.
Aaron Temkin Beck, Norman Epstein, Gary Brown, and Robert A. Steer. 1988. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 56, 6, 893–897.
Aaron T. Beck, Robert A. Steer, and Margery G. Carbin. 1988. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review 8, 1, 77 – 100. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0272735888900505
Aaron Temkin Beck, C. H. Ward, M. Mendelson, J. Mock, and J. Erbaugh. 1961. An Inventory for Measuring Depression. JAMA Psychiatry 4, 6, 561–571.
Alessandra Naimaier Bertolazi, Simone Chaves Fagondes, Leonardo Santos Hoff, Eduardo Giacomolli Dartora, Ilsis Cristine da Silva Miozzo, Maria Emília Ferreira de Barba, and Sérgio Saldanha Menna Barreto. 2011. Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep Medicine 12, 1, 70–75.
Daniel J. Buysse. 2013. Insomnia. JAMA 309, 7, 706–716.
Daniel J. Buysse, Charles F. Reynolds, Timothy H. Monk, Susan R. Berman, and David J. Kupfer. 1989. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research 28, 2, 193–213.
Mounir Chennaoui, Pierrick J. Arnal, Fabien Sauvet, and Damien Léger. 2015. Sleep and exercise: A reciprocal issue? Sleep Medicine Reviews 20, 59 – 72.
Bongjae Choi, Geumsook Shim, Bumseok Jeong, and Sungho Jo. 2020. Data-driven analysis using multiple self-report questionnaires to identify college students at high risk of depressive disorder. Scientific Reports 10, 7867–.
Giuseppe Curcio, Michele Ferrara, and Luigi De Gennaro. 2006. Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews 10, 5, 323– 337.
Andrew Danowitz and Kacey Beddoes. 2018. Characterizing Mental Health and Wellness in Students Across Engineering Disciplines. Proc. of the 2018 Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference.
Flávia de Lima Osório, José Alexandre S. Crippa, and Sonia Regina Loureiro. 2011. Further psychometric study of the Beck Anxiety Inventory including factorial analysis and social anxiety disorder screening. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 15, 4, 255–262. https://doi.org/10.3109/13651501.2011.605955
Jessica R. Dietch, Daniel J. Taylor, Kevin Sethi, Kimberly Kelly, Adam D. Bramoweth, and Brandy M. Roane. 2016. Psychometric Evaluation of the PSQI in U.S. College Students. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 12, 08, 1121–1129. arXiv: https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/pdf/10.5664/jcsm.6050
João Dinis and Miguel Bragança. 2018. Quality of Sleep and Depression in College Students: A Systematic Review. Sleep Sci. 11, 4, 290–301. http://www.sleepscience.org.br/details/528
Fan Feng, Yingshi Zhang, Jun Hou, Jiayi Cai, Qiyu Jiang, Xiaojuan Li, Qingchun Zhao, and Bo an Li. 2018. Can music improve sleep quality in adults with primary insomnia? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies 77, 189–196.
Amer K. Ghrouz, Majumi Mohamad Noohu, Md. Dilshad Manzar, David Warren Spence, Ahmed S. BaHammam, and Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal. 2019. Physical activity and sleep quality in relation to mental health among college students. Sleep and Breathing 23, 2, 627–634.
Clarice Gorenstein and Laura Andrade. 1996. Validation of a Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Brazilian subjects. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 29, 4, 453—457.
Clarice Gorenstein, Sabine Pompéia, and Laura Andrade. 1995. Scores of Brazilian University Students on the Beck Depression and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventories. Psychological Reports 77, 2, 635–641.
Madhav Goyal, Sonal Singh, Erica M. S. Sibinga, Neda F. Gould, Anastasia Rowland-Seymour, Ritu Sharma, Zackary Berger, Dana Sleicher, David D. Maron, Hasan M. Shihab, Padmini D. Ranasinghe, Shauna Linn, Shonali Saha, Eric B. Bass, and Jennifer A. Haythornthwaite. 2014. Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine 174, 3, 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018
László Harmat, Johanna Takács, and Róbert Bádizs. 2008. Music improves sleep quality in students. Journal of Advanced Nursing 62, 3, 327–335.
Eric O. Johnson, Thomas Roth, and Naomi Breslau. 2006. The association of insomnia with anxiety disorders and depression: Exploration of the direction of risk. Journal of Psychiatric Research 40, 8, 700–708.
Sonja Lyubomirsky and Kristin Layous. 2013. How Do Simple Positive Activities Increase Well-Being? Current Directions in Psychological Science 22, 1, 57–62.
Amanda V. Machado, Camila O. Castro, Carlos R. Botelho Filho, Carolina D. Bruzamolin, Rafaela Scariot, Eduardo Pizzatto, and Marilisa C. L. Gabardo. 2020. Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Dental Students at a Private Brazilian University. The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 61, 1, 27–36.
Kennedy Manley, Laila Arain, and Christian Murphy. 2021. Addressing Sources of Stress and Distress among Undergraduate Computer Science Students. Proc. of the 17th International Conference on Frontiers in Education: Computer Science and Computer Engineering.
Helen M. Milojevich and Angela F. Lukowski. 2016. Sleep and Mental Health in Undergraduate Students with Generally Healthy Sleep Habits. PLOS ONE 11, 6, 1–14.
Maurice Ohayon, Emerson M. Wickwire, Max Hirshkowitz, Steven M. Albert, Alon Avidan, Frank J. Daly, Yves Dauvilliers, Raffaele Ferri, Constance Fung, David Gozal, Nancy Hazen, Andrew Krystal, Kenneth Lichstein, Monica Mallampalli, Giuseppe Plazzi, Robert Rawding, Frank A. Scheer, Virend Somers, and Michael V. Vitiello. 2017. National Sleep Foundation’s sleep quality recommendations: first report. Sleep Health 3, 1, 6–19.
Kana Okano, Jakub R. Kaczmarzyk, Neha Dave, John D. E. Gabrieli, and Jeffrey C. Grossman. 2019. Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students. npj Science of Learning 4, 1, 16.
Galen Panger, Janell Tryon, and AndrewSmith. 2014. Graduate Student Happiness and Well-Being Report. [link].
Sunghee Park, Youngjin Lee, Moonsook Yoo, and Sunyoung Jung. 2019. Wellness and sleep quality in Korean nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Applied Nursing Research 48, 13–18.
Wen-Wang Rao, Wen Li, Han Qi, Liu Hong, Chao Chen, Chun-Yang Li, Chee H. Ng, Gabor S. Ungvari, and Yu-Tao Xiang. 2020. Sleep quality in medical students: a comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. Sleep and Breathing 24, 3, 1151–1165.
Heather L. Rusch, Michael Rosario, Lisa M. Levison, Anlys Olivera, Whitney S. Livingston, Tianxia Wu, and Jessica M. Gill. 2019. The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1445, 1, 5–16.
M. E. Seligman, T. A. Steen, N. Park, and C. Peterson. 2005. Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. Am Psychol 60, 5, 410–421.
Nancy L. Sin and Sonja Lyubomirsky. 2009. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology 65, 5, 467–487.
Lígia Maria Soares Passos, Christian Murphy, Rita Zhen Chen, Marcos Gonçalves de Santana, and Giselle Soares Passos. 2020. The Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Brazilian Computer Science Students. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (Portland, OR, USA) (SIGCSE’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 316–322.
Lígia Maria Soares Passos, Christian Murphy, Rita Zhen Chen, Marcos Gonçalves de Santana, and Giselle Soares Passos. 2022. Association of Positive and Negative Feelings with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Computer Science Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In Anais do II Simpósio Brasileiro de Educação em Computação (Online). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 50–56.
Alycia N. Sullivan Bisson, Stephanie A. Robinson, and Margie E. Lachman. 2019. Walk to a better night of sleep: testing the relationship between physical activity and sleep. Sleep Health 5, 5, 487–494.
Publicado
24/04/2023
Como Citar
SOARES PASSOS, Lígia Maria; MURPHY, Christian; CHEN, Rita Zhen; SANTANA, Marcos Gonçalves; PASSOS, Giselle Soares.
Association of Sleep Quality with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Computer Science Students. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE EDUCAÇÃO EM COMPUTAÇÃO (EDUCOMP), 3. , 2023, Evento Online.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 13-18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/educomp.2023.228007.
