Modelagem Ontológica no Apoio à Modelagem Conceitual
Resumo
A modelagem conceitual consiste numa atividade importante no projeto de sistemas, pois é a partir dela que se obtém estruturação dos conceitos abstraídos de um domínio do mundo real, permitindo sua incorporação em um sistema de informação. Porém, para que a modelagem conceitual possa ser uma descrição adequada da realidade do domínio do problema, ela deve apresentar informações precisas e claras, que podem ser obtidas a partir de uma análise mais detalhada das propriedades dos objetos de um domínio. Tal análise, denominada análise ontológica, pode ser utilizada como fonte de conhecimento para modeladores conceituais, possibilitando minimizar a ocorrência de erros semânticos em seus modelos. Este artigo realiza uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso de ontologia em modelagem conceitual de sistemas de informação e apresenta uma proposta preliminar, denominada VERONTO, do uso de meta-propriedades ontológicas para validação de modelos conceituais expressos por meio de diagramas de classe, visando torná-los mais manuteníveis.
Referências
Gruber, T. R. 1993. A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowledge Acquisition 5 (1993) 199-220.
Guarino, N.; Giaretta, P. 1995. Ontologies and Knowledge Bases: Towards a Terminological Clarification. In: N. Mars (ed.) Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases: Knowledge Building and Knowledge Sharing 1995. IOS Press, Amsterdam: 25-32.
Guarino, N. 1995. Formal Ontology, Conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Representation. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 42, 6 (June 1995), 625-640.
Guarino, N. 1999. The Role of Identity Conditions in Ontology Design. In Proceedings of IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. Stockholm, Sweden, August 2, 1999.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000a. A formal ontology of properties. In R. Dieng, Ed., Proceedings of 12th Int. Conf. On Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Springer Verlag, 2000.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000b. Towards a methodology for ontology based model engineering. In Proceedings of the ECOOP-2000 Workshop on Model Engineering.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000c. Identity, Unity, and Individuality: Towards a Formal Toolkit for Ontological Analysis. In Proceedings of the ECAI-2000: The European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. IOS Press, Amsterdan. August, 2000.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000d. Ontological Analysis of Taxonomic Relationships. In Laender, A.; Storey, V. (eds.), Proceedings of ER-2000: The International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, vol. 1920, October, 2000. Springer-Verlag LNCS.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2001. Identity and Subsumption. LADSEB-CNR Internal Report 01/2001.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2002. Evaluating Ontological Decisions with ONTOCLEAN. Communications of the ACM. February, 2002, vol.5, n.2:61-65.
Guizzardi, G; Herre, H.; Wagner, G. 2002a. On the General Ontological Foundations of Conceptual Modeling. In Proceedings of 21th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2002). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Guizzardi, G; Herre, H.; Wagner, G. 2002b. Towards Ontological Foundations for UML Conceptual Models. In Proceedings of 21th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2002). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Lowe, E. J. 1989. Kinds of Being. A Study of Individuation, Identity and the Logic of Sortal Terms. Basil Blackwell, Oxford apud Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000a. A formal ontology of properties. In R. Dieng, Ed., Proceedings of 12th Int. Conf. On Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Springer Verlag, 2000.
Moreira, A. Tesauros e Ontologias: Estudo de Definições Presentes na Literatura das Áreas das Ciências da Computação e da Informação, Utilizando-se o Método Analítico- Sintético. Dissertação de Mestrado. Escola de Ciência da Informação, da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2003.
Poli, R. Framing ontology. 2001. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.formalontology.it/Framing_first.htm.
Raban, R.; Garner, B. 2001. Ontological Engineering for Conceptual Modeling. In Proceedings of the ONTO-2001 Workshop on Ontologies. Viena, Austria, September 18, 2001.
Storey, V. C.; Dey, D.; Ullrich, H.; Sundaresan, S. 1998. An ontology-based expert system for database design. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 28(1): 31-46.
Strawson, P. F. 1959. Individuals. An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics. Routledge, London and New York apud Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000a. A formal ontology of properties. In R. Dieng, Ed., Proceedings of 12th Int. Conf. On Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Springer Verlag, 2000.
Sugumaran, V.; Storey, V. C. 2002. Ontologies for conceptual modeling: their creation, use, and management. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 42: 251-271.
Toledo, A. B.; Gabrielli, B. V.; De Morais, R. F.; Amorim, V. G. Especificação dos Requisitos do Software Wind 1.0. Trabalho da Disciplina INF - Departamento de Informática, UFV, Viçosa, 2003.
Wand, Y; Storey, V. C.; Weber, R. 1999. An ontological analysis of the relationship construct in modeling conceptual. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 24(4): 494-528, December 1999.
Welty, C.; Guarino, N. 2001. Suporting Ontological Analysis of Taxonomic Relationships. Data & Knowledge Engineering 39 (2001) 51-74.
Guarino, N.; Giaretta, P. 1995. Ontologies and Knowledge Bases: Towards a Terminological Clarification. In: N. Mars (ed.) Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases: Knowledge Building and Knowledge Sharing 1995. IOS Press, Amsterdam: 25-32.
Guarino, N. 1995. Formal Ontology, Conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Representation. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 42, 6 (June 1995), 625-640.
Guarino, N. 1999. The Role of Identity Conditions in Ontology Design. In Proceedings of IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. Stockholm, Sweden, August 2, 1999.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000a. A formal ontology of properties. In R. Dieng, Ed., Proceedings of 12th Int. Conf. On Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Springer Verlag, 2000.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000b. Towards a methodology for ontology based model engineering. In Proceedings of the ECOOP-2000 Workshop on Model Engineering.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000c. Identity, Unity, and Individuality: Towards a Formal Toolkit for Ontological Analysis. In Proceedings of the ECAI-2000: The European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. IOS Press, Amsterdan. August, 2000.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000d. Ontological Analysis of Taxonomic Relationships. In Laender, A.; Storey, V. (eds.), Proceedings of ER-2000: The International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, vol. 1920, October, 2000. Springer-Verlag LNCS.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2001. Identity and Subsumption. LADSEB-CNR Internal Report 01/2001.
Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2002. Evaluating Ontological Decisions with ONTOCLEAN. Communications of the ACM. February, 2002, vol.5, n.2:61-65.
Guizzardi, G; Herre, H.; Wagner, G. 2002a. On the General Ontological Foundations of Conceptual Modeling. In Proceedings of 21th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2002). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Guizzardi, G; Herre, H.; Wagner, G. 2002b. Towards Ontological Foundations for UML Conceptual Models. In Proceedings of 21th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2002). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Lowe, E. J. 1989. Kinds of Being. A Study of Individuation, Identity and the Logic of Sortal Terms. Basil Blackwell, Oxford apud Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000a. A formal ontology of properties. In R. Dieng, Ed., Proceedings of 12th Int. Conf. On Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Springer Verlag, 2000.
Moreira, A. Tesauros e Ontologias: Estudo de Definições Presentes na Literatura das Áreas das Ciências da Computação e da Informação, Utilizando-se o Método Analítico- Sintético. Dissertação de Mestrado. Escola de Ciência da Informação, da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2003.
Poli, R. Framing ontology. 2001. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.formalontology.it/Framing_first.htm.
Raban, R.; Garner, B. 2001. Ontological Engineering for Conceptual Modeling. In Proceedings of the ONTO-2001 Workshop on Ontologies. Viena, Austria, September 18, 2001.
Storey, V. C.; Dey, D.; Ullrich, H.; Sundaresan, S. 1998. An ontology-based expert system for database design. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 28(1): 31-46.
Strawson, P. F. 1959. Individuals. An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics. Routledge, London and New York apud Guarino, N.; Welty, C. 2000a. A formal ontology of properties. In R. Dieng, Ed., Proceedings of 12th Int. Conf. On Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Springer Verlag, 2000.
Sugumaran, V.; Storey, V. C. 2002. Ontologies for conceptual modeling: their creation, use, and management. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 42: 251-271.
Toledo, A. B.; Gabrielli, B. V.; De Morais, R. F.; Amorim, V. G. Especificação dos Requisitos do Software Wind 1.0. Trabalho da Disciplina INF - Departamento de Informática, UFV, Viçosa, 2003.
Wand, Y; Storey, V. C.; Weber, R. 1999. An ontological analysis of the relationship construct in modeling conceptual. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 24(4): 494-528, December 1999.
Welty, C.; Guarino, N. 2001. Suporting Ontological Analysis of Taxonomic Relationships. Data & Knowledge Engineering 39 (2001) 51-74.
Publicado
18/10/2004
Como Citar
VILLELA, Maria Lúcia Bento; OLIVEIRA, Alcione de Paiva; BRAGA, José Luís.
Modelagem Ontológica no Apoio à Modelagem Conceitual. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE (SBES), 18. , 2004, Brasília/DF.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2004
.
p. 241-256.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbes.2004.23845.
