Ensino de programação para alunos nos anos escolares entre Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino médio: Um Mapeamento Sistemático
Resumo
O ensino de computação na educação básica tem sido amplamente discutido devido à rápida evolução tecnológica. Este estudo apresenta um mapeamento sistemático que investiga práticas, ferramentas e métodos para aprimorar o ensino de programação em escolas ao redor do mundo. Os resultados do mapeamento sistemático revelam diversas abordagens adotadas em relação aos métodos e ferramentas utilizados, bem como uma convergência de medidas recomendadas para o avanço do ensino de programação. Esse mapeamento oferece insights valiosos para educadores interessados em promover o ensino de programação de forma eficaz, e a necessidade de se pensar na importância de se incluir esse tema nos currículos.
Referências
AlHumoud, S., Al-Khalifa, H. S., Al-Razgan, M., and Alfaries, A. (2014). Using App Inventor and LEGO mindstorm NXT in a summer camp to attract high school girls to computing fields. In 2014 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), pages 173–177.
Attard, L. and Busuttil, L. (2020). Teacher Perspectives on Introducing Programming Constructs through Coding Mobile-Based Games to Secondary School Students. Informatics in Education, 19(4):543–568.
Bati, K. (2022). Integration of Python into Science Teacher Education, Developing Computational Problem Solving and Using Information and Communication Technologies Competencies of Pre-service Science Teachers. Informatics in Education, 21(2):235–251.
Ben-Ari, M. (1998). Constructivism in computer science education. In Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education.
Benotti, L., Martínez, M. C., and Schapachnik, F. (2014). Engaging high school students using chatbots. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Innovation & Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE ’14, pages 63–68, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Busjahn, T. and Schulte, C. (2013). The use of code reading in teaching programming. In Proceedings of the 13th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research, Koli Calling ’13, pages 3–11, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Çalişkan, E. (2020). The effects of robotics programming on secondary school students’ problem-solving skills. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues, 12(4):217–230.
Cuervo-Cely, K., Restrepo-Calle, F., and Ramírez-Echeverry, J. (2022). EFFECT OF GAMIFICATION ON THE MOTIVATION OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING STUDENTS. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 21.
de la Hera, D., Zanoni, M., Sigman, M., and Calero, C. (2022). Peer tutoring of computer programming increases exploratory behavior in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 216.
Dias, J. and Seno Diaz, R. (2021). Ensino híbrido no processo de aprendizagem de programação: uma revisão sistemática. Revista Novas Tecnologias na Educação, 19(2):396–405.
Falkner, K., Sentance, S., Vivian, R., Barksdale, S., Busuttil, L., Cole, E., Liebe, C., Maiorana, F., McGill, M. M., and Quille, K. (2019). An International Study Piloting the MEasuring TeacheR Enacted Computing Curriculum (METRECC) Instrument. In Proceedings of the Working Group Reports on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE-WGR ’19, pages 111–142, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Fessard, G., Wang, P., and Renna, I. (2019). Are There Differences in Learning Gains When Programming a Tangible Object or a Simulation? In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE ’19, pages 78–84, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Goswami, B. and Pal, S. (2022). Introduction of two new programming tools in Bengali and measurement of their reception among high-school students in Purba Bardhaman, India with the prototypic inclusion of a vector-biology module. Education and Information Technologies, 27(2):1585–1607.
Haden, P., Gasson, J., Wood, K., and Parsons, D. (2016). Can you learn to teach programming in two days? In Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference, ACSW ’16, pages 1–7, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Holenko, M. and Hoic-Bozic, N. (2021). Effectiveness of game development-based learning for acquiring programming skills in lower secondary education in Croatia. Education and Information Technologies, 26(4):4433–4456.
Hu, H. H., Heiner, C., and McCarthy, J. (2016). Deploying Exploring Computer Science Statewide. In Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education, SIGCSE ’16, pages 72–77, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Huang, S.-Y., Tarng, W., and Ou, K.-L. (2023). Effectiveness of AR Board Game on Computational Thinking and Programming Skills for Elementary School Students. Systems, 11(1).
Jeon, I. and Song, K.-S. (2019). The Effect of Learning Analytics System towards Learner’s Computational Thinking Capabilities. In Proceedings of the 2019 11th International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, ICCAE 2019, pages 12–16, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Karaahmetoğlu, K. and Korkmaz, Ö. (2019). The effect of project-based arduino educational robot applications on students’ computational thinking skills and their perception of basic stem skill levels. Participatory Educational Research, 6(2):1–14.
Kim, W., Choi, A., Choi, J., Jeong, O.-R., Jung, Y. J., Kang, S., Lee, J., Lee, S.-W., Loh, W.-K., Yoo, J., Chung, S., Lee, H., Chon, S., Jeon, Y., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. W., Lee, J.-H., Min, Y., Song, G. S., and Yang, S. O. (2017). Korea’s software education initiative. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, iiWAS ’17, pages 553–557, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Kitchenham, B. A. and Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Technical Report EBSE 2007-001, Keele University and Durham University Joint Report.
Kölling, M., Brown, N. C. C., and Altadmri, A. (2015). Frame-Based Editing: Easing the Transition from Blocks to Text-Based Programming. In Proceedings of the Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, WiPSCE ’15, pages 29–38, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Lee, B. Y., Liew, L. H., Bin Mohd Anas Khan, M. Y., and Narawi, A. (2020). The Effectiveness of Using mBot to Increase the Interest and Basic Knowledge in Programming and Robotic among Children of Age 13. In Proceedings of the 2020 The 6th International Conference on E-Business and Applications, ICEBA 2020, pages 105–110, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Makris, D., Euaggelopoulos, K., Chorianopoulos, K., and Giannakos, M. N. (2013). Could you help me to change the variables? comparing instruction to encouragement for teaching programming. In Proceedings of the 8th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, WiPSE ’13, pages 79–82, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Malliarakis, C., Satratzemi, M., and Xinogalos, S. (2013). Towards a new massive multiplayer online role playing game for introductory programming. In Proceedings of the 6th Balkan Conference in Informatics, BCI ’13, pages 156–163, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Martínez López, P. E., Ciolek, D., Arévalo, G., and Pari, D. (2017). The GOBSTONES method for teaching computer programming. In 2017 XLIII Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI), pages 1–9.
Merkouris, A., Chorianopoulos, K., and Kameas, A. (2017). Teaching Programming in Secondary Education Through Embodied Computing Platforms: Robotics and Wearables. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 17(2):9:1–9:22.
Namli, N. and Aybek, B. (2022). An Investigation of The Effect of Block-Based Programming and Unplugged Coding Activities on Fifth Graders’ Computational Thinking Skills, Self-Efficacy and Academic Performance. Contemporary Educational Technology, 14(1).
Park, C. J., Hyun, J. S., and Heuilan, J. (2015). Effects of gender and abstract thinking factors on adolescents’ computer program learning. In 2015 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), pages 1–7.
Ponsard, C. (2019). Teaching computer programming to post-millennial kids: Overview of goals, activities and supporting tools. In Lane H., Zvacek S., and Uhomoibhi J., editors, CSEDU Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Support. Educ., volume 2, pages 474–480. SciTePress.
Portnoff, S. R. (2018). The introductory computer programming course is first and foremost a language course. ACM Inroads, 9(2):34–52.
SBC (2017). Referenciais de formação em computação: Educação básica. Technical report.
Sentance, S., Waite, J., and Kallia, M. (2019). Teaching computer programming with PRIMM: A sociocultural perspective. Computer Science Education, 29(2-3):136–176.
Sigayret, K., Tricot, A., and Blanc, N. (2022). Unplugged or plugged-in programming learning: A comparative experimental study. Computers and Education, 184.
Threekunprapa, A. and Yasri, P. (2020). Unplugged coding using flowblocks for promoting computational thinking and programming among secondary school students. International Journal of Instruction, 13(3):207–222.
Torres-Torres, Y.-D., Román-González, M., and Pérez-González, J.-C. (2019). Implementation of unplugged teaching activities to foster computational thinking skills in primary school from a gender perspective. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, TEEM’19, page 209–215, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Van Zadelhoff, B., Rahimi, E., and Barendsen, E. (2021). Principles to facilitate design-based learning environments for programming in secondary education while making learning visible in an authentic way. In ACM Int. Conf. Proc. Ser. Association for Computing Machinery.
Wagner, A., Gray, J., Corley, J., and Wolber, D. (2013). Using app inventor in a K-12 summer camp. In SIGCSE Proc. ACM Tech. Symp. Comput. Sci. Educ., pages 621–626. Association for Computing Machinery.
Wang, H. Y., Huang, I., and Hwang, G. J. (2014). Effects of an Integrated Scratch and Project-Based Learning Approach on the Learning Achievements of Gifted Students in Computer Courses. In 2014 IIAI 3rd International Conference on Advanced Applied Informatics, pages 382–387.
Wangenheim, G., Medeiros, G., Filho, R., Petri, G., Pinheiro, F., Ferreira, M., and Hauck, J. (2019). Splash code a board game for learning an understanding of algorithms in middle school. Informatics in Education, 18(2):259–280.
Watson, C. and Li, F. W. B. (2014). Failure rates in introductory programming revisited. In ˚ Asa Cajander, Daniels, M., Clear, T., and Pears, A., editors, Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Innovation & technology in computer science education (ITiCSE ’14)., pages 39–44. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York. Best Full Paper Award (Top downloaded paper on ACM SIGCSE over six weeks), updated on 01/10/2014.
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3):33–35.
Xambó, A., Drozda, B., Weisling, A., Magerko, B., Huet, M., Gasque, T., and Freeman, J. (2017). Experience and ownership with a tangible computational music installation for informal learning. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction.
Xinogalos, S., Malliarakis, C., Tsompanoudi, D., and Satratzemi, M. (2015). Microworlds, Games and Collaboration: Three effective approaches to support novices in learning programming. In Proceedings of the 7th Balkan Conference on Informatics Conference, BCI ’15, pages 1–8, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Attard, L. and Busuttil, L. (2020). Teacher Perspectives on Introducing Programming Constructs through Coding Mobile-Based Games to Secondary School Students. Informatics in Education, 19(4):543–568.
Bati, K. (2022). Integration of Python into Science Teacher Education, Developing Computational Problem Solving and Using Information and Communication Technologies Competencies of Pre-service Science Teachers. Informatics in Education, 21(2):235–251.
Ben-Ari, M. (1998). Constructivism in computer science education. In Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education.
Benotti, L., Martínez, M. C., and Schapachnik, F. (2014). Engaging high school students using chatbots. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Innovation & Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE ’14, pages 63–68, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Busjahn, T. and Schulte, C. (2013). The use of code reading in teaching programming. In Proceedings of the 13th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research, Koli Calling ’13, pages 3–11, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Çalişkan, E. (2020). The effects of robotics programming on secondary school students’ problem-solving skills. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues, 12(4):217–230.
Cuervo-Cely, K., Restrepo-Calle, F., and Ramírez-Echeverry, J. (2022). EFFECT OF GAMIFICATION ON THE MOTIVATION OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING STUDENTS. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 21.
de la Hera, D., Zanoni, M., Sigman, M., and Calero, C. (2022). Peer tutoring of computer programming increases exploratory behavior in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 216.
Dias, J. and Seno Diaz, R. (2021). Ensino híbrido no processo de aprendizagem de programação: uma revisão sistemática. Revista Novas Tecnologias na Educação, 19(2):396–405.
Falkner, K., Sentance, S., Vivian, R., Barksdale, S., Busuttil, L., Cole, E., Liebe, C., Maiorana, F., McGill, M. M., and Quille, K. (2019). An International Study Piloting the MEasuring TeacheR Enacted Computing Curriculum (METRECC) Instrument. In Proceedings of the Working Group Reports on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE-WGR ’19, pages 111–142, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Fessard, G., Wang, P., and Renna, I. (2019). Are There Differences in Learning Gains When Programming a Tangible Object or a Simulation? In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE ’19, pages 78–84, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Goswami, B. and Pal, S. (2022). Introduction of two new programming tools in Bengali and measurement of their reception among high-school students in Purba Bardhaman, India with the prototypic inclusion of a vector-biology module. Education and Information Technologies, 27(2):1585–1607.
Haden, P., Gasson, J., Wood, K., and Parsons, D. (2016). Can you learn to teach programming in two days? In Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference, ACSW ’16, pages 1–7, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Holenko, M. and Hoic-Bozic, N. (2021). Effectiveness of game development-based learning for acquiring programming skills in lower secondary education in Croatia. Education and Information Technologies, 26(4):4433–4456.
Hu, H. H., Heiner, C., and McCarthy, J. (2016). Deploying Exploring Computer Science Statewide. In Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education, SIGCSE ’16, pages 72–77, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Huang, S.-Y., Tarng, W., and Ou, K.-L. (2023). Effectiveness of AR Board Game on Computational Thinking and Programming Skills for Elementary School Students. Systems, 11(1).
Jeon, I. and Song, K.-S. (2019). The Effect of Learning Analytics System towards Learner’s Computational Thinking Capabilities. In Proceedings of the 2019 11th International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, ICCAE 2019, pages 12–16, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Karaahmetoğlu, K. and Korkmaz, Ö. (2019). The effect of project-based arduino educational robot applications on students’ computational thinking skills and their perception of basic stem skill levels. Participatory Educational Research, 6(2):1–14.
Kim, W., Choi, A., Choi, J., Jeong, O.-R., Jung, Y. J., Kang, S., Lee, J., Lee, S.-W., Loh, W.-K., Yoo, J., Chung, S., Lee, H., Chon, S., Jeon, Y., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. W., Lee, J.-H., Min, Y., Song, G. S., and Yang, S. O. (2017). Korea’s software education initiative. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, iiWAS ’17, pages 553–557, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Kitchenham, B. A. and Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Technical Report EBSE 2007-001, Keele University and Durham University Joint Report.
Kölling, M., Brown, N. C. C., and Altadmri, A. (2015). Frame-Based Editing: Easing the Transition from Blocks to Text-Based Programming. In Proceedings of the Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, WiPSCE ’15, pages 29–38, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Lee, B. Y., Liew, L. H., Bin Mohd Anas Khan, M. Y., and Narawi, A. (2020). The Effectiveness of Using mBot to Increase the Interest and Basic Knowledge in Programming and Robotic among Children of Age 13. In Proceedings of the 2020 The 6th International Conference on E-Business and Applications, ICEBA 2020, pages 105–110, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Makris, D., Euaggelopoulos, K., Chorianopoulos, K., and Giannakos, M. N. (2013). Could you help me to change the variables? comparing instruction to encouragement for teaching programming. In Proceedings of the 8th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, WiPSE ’13, pages 79–82, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Malliarakis, C., Satratzemi, M., and Xinogalos, S. (2013). Towards a new massive multiplayer online role playing game for introductory programming. In Proceedings of the 6th Balkan Conference in Informatics, BCI ’13, pages 156–163, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Martínez López, P. E., Ciolek, D., Arévalo, G., and Pari, D. (2017). The GOBSTONES method for teaching computer programming. In 2017 XLIII Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI), pages 1–9.
Merkouris, A., Chorianopoulos, K., and Kameas, A. (2017). Teaching Programming in Secondary Education Through Embodied Computing Platforms: Robotics and Wearables. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 17(2):9:1–9:22.
Namli, N. and Aybek, B. (2022). An Investigation of The Effect of Block-Based Programming and Unplugged Coding Activities on Fifth Graders’ Computational Thinking Skills, Self-Efficacy and Academic Performance. Contemporary Educational Technology, 14(1).
Park, C. J., Hyun, J. S., and Heuilan, J. (2015). Effects of gender and abstract thinking factors on adolescents’ computer program learning. In 2015 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), pages 1–7.
Ponsard, C. (2019). Teaching computer programming to post-millennial kids: Overview of goals, activities and supporting tools. In Lane H., Zvacek S., and Uhomoibhi J., editors, CSEDU Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Support. Educ., volume 2, pages 474–480. SciTePress.
Portnoff, S. R. (2018). The introductory computer programming course is first and foremost a language course. ACM Inroads, 9(2):34–52.
SBC (2017). Referenciais de formação em computação: Educação básica. Technical report.
Sentance, S., Waite, J., and Kallia, M. (2019). Teaching computer programming with PRIMM: A sociocultural perspective. Computer Science Education, 29(2-3):136–176.
Sigayret, K., Tricot, A., and Blanc, N. (2022). Unplugged or plugged-in programming learning: A comparative experimental study. Computers and Education, 184.
Threekunprapa, A. and Yasri, P. (2020). Unplugged coding using flowblocks for promoting computational thinking and programming among secondary school students. International Journal of Instruction, 13(3):207–222.
Torres-Torres, Y.-D., Román-González, M., and Pérez-González, J.-C. (2019). Implementation of unplugged teaching activities to foster computational thinking skills in primary school from a gender perspective. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, TEEM’19, page 209–215, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Van Zadelhoff, B., Rahimi, E., and Barendsen, E. (2021). Principles to facilitate design-based learning environments for programming in secondary education while making learning visible in an authentic way. In ACM Int. Conf. Proc. Ser. Association for Computing Machinery.
Wagner, A., Gray, J., Corley, J., and Wolber, D. (2013). Using app inventor in a K-12 summer camp. In SIGCSE Proc. ACM Tech. Symp. Comput. Sci. Educ., pages 621–626. Association for Computing Machinery.
Wang, H. Y., Huang, I., and Hwang, G. J. (2014). Effects of an Integrated Scratch and Project-Based Learning Approach on the Learning Achievements of Gifted Students in Computer Courses. In 2014 IIAI 3rd International Conference on Advanced Applied Informatics, pages 382–387.
Wangenheim, G., Medeiros, G., Filho, R., Petri, G., Pinheiro, F., Ferreira, M., and Hauck, J. (2019). Splash code a board game for learning an understanding of algorithms in middle school. Informatics in Education, 18(2):259–280.
Watson, C. and Li, F. W. B. (2014). Failure rates in introductory programming revisited. In ˚ Asa Cajander, Daniels, M., Clear, T., and Pears, A., editors, Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Innovation & technology in computer science education (ITiCSE ’14)., pages 39–44. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York. Best Full Paper Award (Top downloaded paper on ACM SIGCSE over six weeks), updated on 01/10/2014.
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3):33–35.
Xambó, A., Drozda, B., Weisling, A., Magerko, B., Huet, M., Gasque, T., and Freeman, J. (2017). Experience and ownership with a tangible computational music installation for informal learning. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction.
Xinogalos, S., Malliarakis, C., Tsompanoudi, D., and Satratzemi, M. (2015). Microworlds, Games and Collaboration: Three effective approaches to support novices in learning programming. In Proceedings of the 7th Balkan Conference on Informatics Conference, BCI ’15, pages 1–8, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Publicado
06/11/2023
Como Citar
BIÉ, Erlon P.; SOUTO, Eduardo; BRAGA, David; OLIVEIRA, Elaine; CARVALHO, Leandro.
Ensino de programação para alunos nos anos escolares entre Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino médio: Um Mapeamento Sistemático. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE INFORMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO (SBIE), 34. , 2023, Passo Fundo/RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 414-427.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2023.235201.
