Análise de Pontos por Função Fuzzy
Resumo
A técnica de Análise de Pontos por Função (FPA) é largamente utilizada para se estimar tamanho de projetos de desenvolvimento, de manutenção ou aplicações de software já implantadas. Este trabalho propõe a utilização de conceitos e propriedades da teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy, para estender a FPA em FFPA (Análise de Pontos por Função Fuzzy). A teoria fuzzy busca construir uma estrutura formal quantitativa, capaz de capturar as imprecisões do conhecimento humano. Com os pontos por função produzidos através da FFPA, a funcionalidade do projeto ficou melhor representada. Conseqüentemente, valores derivados como prazo e custo de desenvolvimento podem ser obtidos com precisão maior do que os gerados através dos dados fornecidos pela FPA.
Palavras-chave:
Conjuntos fuzzy, FPA, FFPA, métricas, projeto de software
Referências
Abran, A., 1996, Function Point Analysis: An Empirical Study of Its Measurement Process, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 22, nº 12.
Albrecht, A.J., 1979, Measuring Applications Development Productivity, Proceedings of IBM Applications. Dev. Joint SHARE/GUIDE Symposium, Monterey, CA.
April, A., Abran, A, 1995, Industrial Research in Software Maintenance: Development of Productivity Models, Guide Summer ’95 Conference and Solutions Fair, Boston.
Belchior, A. D., 1997, Um Modelo Fuzzy para Avaliação de Qualidade de Software, Tese de Doutorado, COPPE/UFRJ.
Boehm, B., 1981Software Engineering Economics, Prentice Hall.
Briand, L. Langley, T., Wieczarek, I., 1999, A replicated Assessment and Comparison of Common Software Cost Modeling Techniques, Technical Report.
Dubois, D., Prade, H., 1991, Fuzzy sets in approximate reasoning, Part 1: Inference with possibility distributions, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, IFSA, Special Memorial Volume: 25 years of fuzzy sets, North-Holland – Amsterdam
Full Function Points: Counting Practices Manual, Technical Report, University of Quebec, Montreal, 1997
Gray, A., MacDonell, S., 1997, Applications of Fuzzy Logic to Software Metric Models for Development Effort Estimation, Proceedings of the 1997 Annual Meeting of The North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society – NAFIPS, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Halstead, M.H., 1977, Elements of Software Science, North Holland.
Function Point Counting Practices Manual, Version 4.1, January, 1999.
Jones, C., 1996, Programming Languages Table, Release 8.2, visitado em 14/11/2001: http://www.ciudadfutura.com/sap/sap/faq/programminglanguajes_table.htm.
Kemerer, C. F., 1997, An Empirical Validation of Software Estimation Models, Comm. of ACM, vol. 30, nº 5, May.
Laekwijck, W. V. e Kerre, E. E., 1999, Defuzzification: criteria and classification, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 108 (159-178).
Lima, O. S. J., Farias, P. P.M., Belchior, A. D., 2001, Fuzzy Functions Points Analysis, FESMA-DASMA, Germany.
Lima, O. S. J., Farias, P. P.M., Belchior, A. D., 2001, Modelo Fuzzy para Análise de Pontos por Função, CITS, Curitiba, Brasil.
Lima, O. S. J., Farias, P. P.M., Belchior, A. D., 2001, Um Modelo Fuzzy da Análise de Pontos por Função para Estimativas de Projeto de Desenvolvimento e Manutenção de Software, XXVII Conferência Latino-Americana em Informática, Ciudad de Mérida, Venezuela.
Lima, O. S. J., Farias, P. P.M., Belchior, A. D., 2001, Maintenance Project Assessments Using Fuzzy Function Point Analysis, Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Workshop on Empirical Studies of Software Maintenance, Florence, Italy.
MacDonell, S., Gray, A., Calvert, J., 1999, FULSOME: Fuzzy Logic for Software Metrics Practioners and Researchers, The Information Science Discussion Paper Series, June
Mair, C. et al., 1999, An Investigation of Machine Learning Based Prediction Systems, Journal of Systems and Software, July.
Numrec, 1992, Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press.
Pedrycz, W. e Gomide, F., 1998, An Introduction to Fuzzy Sets – Analysis and Design, The MIT, Press.
Pereira, E. R., 2001, A model of factors affecting an information system’s change in state, Journal of Software Maintenance end Evolution, Wiley Interscience, vol. 13 (245-261), nº 4, July-August.
Putnam, L.H., 1978, A General Empirical Solution to the Marco Software Sizing and Estimation Problem, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-4, n. 4, July.
Santos, V. R. B., 1972, Curso de Cálculo Numérico, Livros Técnicos e Científicos, 3ª edição.
Schofield, C., Shepperd, M., 1995, Software Support for Cost Estimation by Analogy, Proceedings of ESCOM 6, Rolduc.
Shepperd, M., Schofield, C., 1996, Effort Estimation by Analogy: A Case Study, Proceedings of ESCOM 7, Wilmslow.
Turksen, I. B., 1991, Measurement of Membership Functions and Their Acquisition, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, IFSA, Special Memorial Volume: 25 Years of Fussy Sets, Amsterdam.
Wang P. e Tan S., 1997, Soft Computing and Fuzzy Logic, Soft Computing, vol. 1 (35-41).
Zadeh, L. A., 1965, Fuzzy Sets, Information and Control, vol. 8 (338-353)
Zimmermann, H. J., 1991, Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications, Kluwer Boston, 2a edition.
Zitouni, M., Abran A., 1996, A Model to Evaluate an Improve the Quality of Software Maintenance Process, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of Software Quality, Ottawa.
Albrecht, A.J., 1979, Measuring Applications Development Productivity, Proceedings of IBM Applications. Dev. Joint SHARE/GUIDE Symposium, Monterey, CA.
April, A., Abran, A, 1995, Industrial Research in Software Maintenance: Development of Productivity Models, Guide Summer ’95 Conference and Solutions Fair, Boston.
Belchior, A. D., 1997, Um Modelo Fuzzy para Avaliação de Qualidade de Software, Tese de Doutorado, COPPE/UFRJ.
Boehm, B., 1981Software Engineering Economics, Prentice Hall.
Briand, L. Langley, T., Wieczarek, I., 1999, A replicated Assessment and Comparison of Common Software Cost Modeling Techniques, Technical Report.
Dubois, D., Prade, H., 1991, Fuzzy sets in approximate reasoning, Part 1: Inference with possibility distributions, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, IFSA, Special Memorial Volume: 25 years of fuzzy sets, North-Holland – Amsterdam
Full Function Points: Counting Practices Manual, Technical Report, University of Quebec, Montreal, 1997
Gray, A., MacDonell, S., 1997, Applications of Fuzzy Logic to Software Metric Models for Development Effort Estimation, Proceedings of the 1997 Annual Meeting of The North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society – NAFIPS, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Halstead, M.H., 1977, Elements of Software Science, North Holland.
Function Point Counting Practices Manual, Version 4.1, January, 1999.
Jones, C., 1996, Programming Languages Table, Release 8.2, visitado em 14/11/2001: http://www.ciudadfutura.com/sap/sap/faq/programminglanguajes_table.htm.
Kemerer, C. F., 1997, An Empirical Validation of Software Estimation Models, Comm. of ACM, vol. 30, nº 5, May.
Laekwijck, W. V. e Kerre, E. E., 1999, Defuzzification: criteria and classification, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 108 (159-178).
Lima, O. S. J., Farias, P. P.M., Belchior, A. D., 2001, Fuzzy Functions Points Analysis, FESMA-DASMA, Germany.
Lima, O. S. J., Farias, P. P.M., Belchior, A. D., 2001, Modelo Fuzzy para Análise de Pontos por Função, CITS, Curitiba, Brasil.
Lima, O. S. J., Farias, P. P.M., Belchior, A. D., 2001, Um Modelo Fuzzy da Análise de Pontos por Função para Estimativas de Projeto de Desenvolvimento e Manutenção de Software, XXVII Conferência Latino-Americana em Informática, Ciudad de Mérida, Venezuela.
Lima, O. S. J., Farias, P. P.M., Belchior, A. D., 2001, Maintenance Project Assessments Using Fuzzy Function Point Analysis, Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Workshop on Empirical Studies of Software Maintenance, Florence, Italy.
MacDonell, S., Gray, A., Calvert, J., 1999, FULSOME: Fuzzy Logic for Software Metrics Practioners and Researchers, The Information Science Discussion Paper Series, June
Mair, C. et al., 1999, An Investigation of Machine Learning Based Prediction Systems, Journal of Systems and Software, July.
Numrec, 1992, Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press.
Pedrycz, W. e Gomide, F., 1998, An Introduction to Fuzzy Sets – Analysis and Design, The MIT, Press.
Pereira, E. R., 2001, A model of factors affecting an information system’s change in state, Journal of Software Maintenance end Evolution, Wiley Interscience, vol. 13 (245-261), nº 4, July-August.
Putnam, L.H., 1978, A General Empirical Solution to the Marco Software Sizing and Estimation Problem, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-4, n. 4, July.
Santos, V. R. B., 1972, Curso de Cálculo Numérico, Livros Técnicos e Científicos, 3ª edição.
Schofield, C., Shepperd, M., 1995, Software Support for Cost Estimation by Analogy, Proceedings of ESCOM 6, Rolduc.
Shepperd, M., Schofield, C., 1996, Effort Estimation by Analogy: A Case Study, Proceedings of ESCOM 7, Wilmslow.
Turksen, I. B., 1991, Measurement of Membership Functions and Their Acquisition, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, IFSA, Special Memorial Volume: 25 Years of Fussy Sets, Amsterdam.
Wang P. e Tan S., 1997, Soft Computing and Fuzzy Logic, Soft Computing, vol. 1 (35-41).
Zadeh, L. A., 1965, Fuzzy Sets, Information and Control, vol. 8 (338-353)
Zimmermann, H. J., 1991, Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications, Kluwer Boston, 2a edition.
Zitouni, M., Abran A., 1996, A Model to Evaluate an Improve the Quality of Software Maintenance Process, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of Software Quality, Ottawa.
Publicado
14/10/2002
Como Citar
LIMA JÚNIOR, Osias de Souza; FARIAS, Pedro Porfírio Muniz; BELCHIOR, Arnaldo Dias.
Análise de Pontos por Função Fuzzy. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE QUALIDADE DE SOFTWARE (SBQS), 1. , 2002, Gramado-RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2002
.
p. 225-236.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbqs.2002.16231.
