Correntes de Blocos em Redes Virtualizadas: Protocolos de Consenso e Fatiamento Seguro da Rede
Abstract
Blockchains are a disruptive technology that will revolutionize our way of living, working and negotiating. Like the Internet today allows transfering files, this new technology will build an Internet of Value, in which it is possible to transfer unique resources such as money, stock, intellectual property, votes, etc. without the need for intermediate entities. One of the main challenges of blockhain-based systems, however, is to select the distributed consensus protocol that suits each use case. The first part of this work discusses the consensus concepts and models for different types of blockchains. We present several consensus protocols and clarify their features, advantages, disadvantages and main goals. Then, in a second part, we propose an architecture to secure a network-slicing-based Internet, which aims to offer agile and on-demand endto- end services for each type of application. The proposed architecture provides auditability to network slicing orchestration operations. We develop and implement a prototype of the proposed architecture with smart contracts on the Hyperledger Fabric platform. The results show that it is possible to provide security to network slice orchestration, but consensus latency and transaction throughput might still pose a challenge for some cases.
Keywords:
blockchain, nfv, consenso, hyperledger, virtualização
References
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Backman, J., Yrjólã, S., Valtanen, K. e Mâmmelã, O. (2017). Blockchain network slice broker in 5G: Slice leasing in factory of the future use case. Em Internet of Things Business Models, Users, and Networks, páginas 1-8.
Bessani, A., Sousa, J. e Alchieri, E. (2014). State machine replication for the masses with BFT-SMaRt. Em IEEE/IFIP Int. Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN).
Bhamare, D., Jain, R., Samaka, M. e Erbad, A. (2016). A survey on service function chaining. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 75:138-155.
Bordel, B., Orúe, A. B., Alcarria, R. e Sánchez-De-Rivera, D. (2018). An intra-slice security solution for emerging 5G networks based on pseudo-random number generators. IEEE Access, 6:16149-16164.
Boudguiga, A., Bouzerna, N., Granboulan, L., Olivereau, A., Quesnel, F., Roger, A. eSirdey, R. (2017). Towards better availability and accountability for IoT updates by means of a blockchain. Em IEEE EuroS&PW, páginas 50-58.
Bozic, N., Pujolle, G. e Secci, S. (2017). Securing virtual machine orchestration with blockchains. Em 1st Cyber Security in Networking Conference.
Buterin, V. e Griffith, V. (2017). Casper the friendly finality gadget. arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.09437.
Cachin, C. e Vukolié, M. (2017). Blockchains consensus protocols in the wild. ArXiv preprint arXiv:1707.01873.
Capossele, A., Gaglione, A., Nati, M., Conti, M., Lazzeretti, R. e Missier, P. (2018). Leveraging blockchain to enable smart-health applications. Em IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTS1), páginas 1-6.
Castro, M. e Liskov, B. (1999). Practical byzantine fault tolerance. Em Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, OSDI "99, páginas 173-186, Berkeley, CA, USA. USENIX Association.
Coin Market (2019). Cryptocurrency global charts: Total market capitalization. Relatório técnico, Coin Market. Acessado em 31 de agosto de 2019.
Digiconomist (2019). Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index. Acessado em 31 de agosto de2019.
Eletrobras (2017). Relatórios de sustentabilidade socioambiental. Relatório técnico, Eletrobras S.A. Acessado em 31 de agosto de 2019.
Eyal, I., Gencer, A. E., Sirer, E. G. e Van Renesse, R. (2016). Bitcoin-ng: A scalable blockchain protocol. Em /3th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16), páginas 45-59.
Glaser, F. (2017). Pervasive decentralisation of digital infrastructures: a framework for blockchain enabled system and use case analysis. Em 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2019). Produto interno bruto - PIB. Acessado em 31 de agosto de 2019.
Khettab, Y., Bagaa, M., Dutra, D. L. C., Taleb, T. e Toumi, N. (2018). Virtual security as a service for 5G verticals. Em IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), páginas 1-6.
Kwon, J. (2014). Tendermint: Consensus without mining. Acessado em 31 de agosto de2019.
Lamport, L. (1998). The Part-Time Parliament. ACM Transactions Computer Systems, 16(2):133-169.
Medhat, A. M., Taleb, T., Elmangoush, A., Carella, G. A., Covaci, S. e Magedanz, T.(2017). Service Function Chaining in Next Generation Networks: State of the Art and Research Challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(2):216-223.
Ministério de Minas e Energia (2017). Anuário estatístico de energia elétrica 2017. Relatório técnico, Ministério de Minas e Energia do Brasil. Acessado em 31 de agosto de2019.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Acessado em 31de agosto de 2019.
NXT community (2014). Nxt whitepaper. Acessado em 31 de agosto de 2019.
Ongaro, D. e Ousterhout, J. (2014). In Search of an Understandable Consensus Algorithm. Em 2014 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 14), páginas 305-319, Philadelphia, PA. USENIX Association.
Ortega, V., Bouchmal, F. e Monserrat, J. F. (2018). Trusted 5G vehicular networks: Blockchains and content-centric networking. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine,13(2):121-127.
Paladi, N., Michalas, A. e Hai-Van, D. (2018). Towards secure cloud orchestration for multi-cloud deployments. Em EuroSys-CrossCloud.
Pattaranantakul, M., He, R., Song, Q., Zhang, Z. e Meddahi, A. (2018). NFV security survey: From use case driven threat analysis to state-of-the-art countermeasures. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.
Popov, S. (2017). The Tangle. cit. on, página 131. Acessado em 31 de agosto de 2019.
Rawat, D. B. e Alshaikhi, A. (2018). Leveraging distributed blockchain-based scheme for wireless network virtualization with security and QoS constraints. Em International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC).
Thuemmler, C., Rolffs, C., Bollmann, A., Hindricks, G. e Buchanan, W. (2018). Requirements for 5G based telemetric cardiac monitoring. Em 14th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob).
Valtanen, K., Backman, J. e Yrjólã, S. (2018). Creating value through blockchain powered resource configurations: Analysis of 5G network slice brokering case. Em IEEEWCNCW'I8, páginas 185-190.
Wood, G. (2014). Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Acessado em 31 de agosto de 2019.
Xiao, Y., Zhang, N., Lou, W. e Hou, Y. T. (2019). A survey of distributed consensus protocols for blockchain networks. CoRR, abs/1904.04098.
Yahiatene, Y. e Rachedi, A. (2018). Towards a blockchain and software-defined vehicular networks approaches to secure vehicular social network. Em IEEE Conference onStandards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), páginas 1-7.
Published
2020-12-07
How to Cite
REBELLO, Gabriel Antonio Fontes; DUARTE, Otto Carlos Muniz Bandeira.
Correntes de Blocos em Redes Virtualizadas: Protocolos de Consenso e Fatiamento Seguro da Rede. In: DISSERTATION DIGEST - BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (SBRC), 38. , 2020, Rio de Janeiro.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2020
.
p. 89-96.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2020.12406.
