Implementação e avaliação do algoritmo pós-quântico ML-KEM em smart cards
Resumo
Este artigo implementa e avalia o algoritmo pós-quântico de encapsulamento de chaves ML-KEM na plataforma Java Card, especificamente visando SIMs e eSIMs como as plataformas finais. Para tal fim, são utilizadas técnicas de otimização como buffers globais e geração de vetores sob demanda para contornar limitações de memória e processamento nesses ambientes restritos. O consumo de memória alcançado permite implementar o ML-KEM em cartões com recursos restritos e menos de 7 kB de RAM, impulsionando ainda mais a adoção da criptografia pós-quântica em redes móveis.
Referências
Albrecht, M. R., Hanser, C., Hoeller, A., Pöppelmann, T., Virdia, F., and Wallner, A. (2018). Implementing rlwe-based schemes using an rsa co-processor. IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, 2019:169–208.
Botros, L., Kannwischer, M. J., and Schwabe, P. (2019). Memory-efficient high-speed implementation of kyber on cortex-m4. In Buchmann, J., Nitaj, A., and Rachidi, T., editors, Progress in Cryptology – AFRICACRYPT 2019, pages 209–228, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Christof Paar et al. (2024). Understanding Cryptography. Springer.
Dworkin, M., Barker, E., Nechvatal, J., Foti, J., Bassham, L., Roback, E., and Dray, Jr., J. (2001). Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS) 197, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. [link].
FEITIAN Technologies (2026). Feitian completes post-quantum cryptography upgrade across core product lines, strengthening long-term digital security. [link].
Fisher, S. K. (2022). Kyberjce. [link].
Hou, R., Gao, Y., Liu, Y., Ming, J., and Zhou, Y. (2026). Meml-kem: A memory-efficient implementation of ml-kem for iot devices. In Liu, H., Ibrahim, S., and Rauber, T., editors, Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, pages 216–230, Singapore. Springer Nature Singapore.
Meneses, R., Teixeira, C., and Henriques, M. (2024). Compact memory implementations of the ml-dsa post-quantum digital signature algorithm. In Anais Estendidos do XXIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Segurança da Informação e de Sistemas Computacionais, pages 233–243, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Micciancio, D. and Goldwasser, S. (2002). Complexity of Lattice Problems: A Cryptographic Perspective. Springer, New York, NY.
Micciancio, D. and Regev, O. (2009). Lattice-based Cryptography, pages 147–191. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Moody, D., Perlner, R., Regenscheid, A., Robinson, A., and Cooper, D. (2024). Transition to post-quantum cryptography standards. Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NIST (2016). Request for comments on post-quantum cryptography requirements and evaluation criteria. [link].
NIST (2024a). Guidelines on mobile device forensics. Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
NIST (2024b). Module-lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism standard. Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology. [link].
Philippe Gaborit et al. (2025). Hamming quasi-cyclic (hqc). Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Shor, P. (1994). Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, pages 124–134.
The Legion of the Bouncy Castle (2026). The legion of the bouncy castle cryptography apis. [link].
ThothTrust Private Limited (2022). jckeccak. [link].
van der Laan, E., Poll, E., Rijneveld, J., de Ruiter, J., Schwabe, P., and Verschuren, J. (2018). Is java card ready for hash-based signatures? In Inomata, A. and Yasuda, K., editors, Advances in Information and Computer Security, pages 127–142, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Yuan, Y. et al. (2021). Memory-constrained implementation of lattice-based encryption scheme on standard java card platform. IET Information Security, 15:267–281.
Botros, L., Kannwischer, M. J., and Schwabe, P. (2019). Memory-efficient high-speed implementation of kyber on cortex-m4. In Buchmann, J., Nitaj, A., and Rachidi, T., editors, Progress in Cryptology – AFRICACRYPT 2019, pages 209–228, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Christof Paar et al. (2024). Understanding Cryptography. Springer.
Dworkin, M., Barker, E., Nechvatal, J., Foti, J., Bassham, L., Roback, E., and Dray, Jr., J. (2001). Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS) 197, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. [link].
FEITIAN Technologies (2026). Feitian completes post-quantum cryptography upgrade across core product lines, strengthening long-term digital security. [link].
Fisher, S. K. (2022). Kyberjce. [link].
Hou, R., Gao, Y., Liu, Y., Ming, J., and Zhou, Y. (2026). Meml-kem: A memory-efficient implementation of ml-kem for iot devices. In Liu, H., Ibrahim, S., and Rauber, T., editors, Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, pages 216–230, Singapore. Springer Nature Singapore.
Meneses, R., Teixeira, C., and Henriques, M. (2024). Compact memory implementations of the ml-dsa post-quantum digital signature algorithm. In Anais Estendidos do XXIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Segurança da Informação e de Sistemas Computacionais, pages 233–243, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Micciancio, D. and Goldwasser, S. (2002). Complexity of Lattice Problems: A Cryptographic Perspective. Springer, New York, NY.
Micciancio, D. and Regev, O. (2009). Lattice-based Cryptography, pages 147–191. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Moody, D., Perlner, R., Regenscheid, A., Robinson, A., and Cooper, D. (2024). Transition to post-quantum cryptography standards. Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NIST (2016). Request for comments on post-quantum cryptography requirements and evaluation criteria. [link].
NIST (2024a). Guidelines on mobile device forensics. Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
NIST (2024b). Module-lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism standard. Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology. [link].
Philippe Gaborit et al. (2025). Hamming quasi-cyclic (hqc). Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Shor, P. (1994). Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, pages 124–134.
The Legion of the Bouncy Castle (2026). The legion of the bouncy castle cryptography apis. [link].
ThothTrust Private Limited (2022). jckeccak. [link].
van der Laan, E., Poll, E., Rijneveld, J., de Ruiter, J., Schwabe, P., and Verschuren, J. (2018). Is java card ready for hash-based signatures? In Inomata, A. and Yasuda, K., editors, Advances in Information and Computer Security, pages 127–142, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Yuan, Y. et al. (2021). Memory-constrained implementation of lattice-based encryption scheme on standard java card platform. IET Information Security, 15:267–281.
Publicado
01/09/2026
Como Citar
PENIDO, Fernando A.; TEIXEIRA, Caio; MENESES, Rodrigo D.; HENRIQUES, Marco A..
Implementação e avaliação do algoritmo pós-quântico ML-KEM em smart cards. In: WORKSHOP DE TRABALHOS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E DE GRADUAÇÃO - SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE CIBERSEGURANÇA (SBSEG), 26. , 2026, Armação dos Búzios/RJ.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 543-553.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbseg_estendido.2026.29484.
