PharmaBulaBot: A Chatbot to Answer Drug Questions Based on Information from Pharmaceutical Package Inserts
Resumo
Context: The medicine inserts or pharmaceutical inserts are documents accompanying the medicines in their packaging with information and guidance to the patient. Problem: Reading and understanding the text of package inserts is not easy for most medication users. In addition, the amount of information in the medicine inserts and the font size could be more attractive to the user who wants accurate and efficient information. Solution: This work aims to present PharmaBulaBot, a chatbot capable of extracting knowledge from package inserts using Natural Language Processing techniques. The user, through questions, has access to the information on the package inserts interacting with an intelligent interface that intends to respond with a quality close to that of a human being in a quick, interactive, and efficient way. SI theory: This work was developed under the aegis of Soft Systems Theory. Method: This research has a prescriptive character, and its evaluation was carried out through the execution of experiments. The analysis of the results was carried out with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Summary of Results: From a total of 3,147 questions generated by human beings, PharmaBulaBot was able to answer 2,959 questions (94.03% of total) using sentence similarity. A local grammar was created and used in the experiments, improving the quality of responses to patients’ questions. Contributions and Impact in the IS area: The main contribution of this work was the creation of a chatbot capable of presenting answers to questions from patients with a quality close to that of physicians’ answers. This chatbot can integrate and interact with Health Information Systems in public pharmacy units.
Referências
Alto Astral. 2016. Remédios: 5 perguntas e respostas sobre o assunto. Retrieved Maio 05, 2021 from [link].
Caio Viktor S. Avila, Anderson B. Calixto, Tulio Vidal Rolim, Wellington Franco, Amanda D. P. Venceslau, Vânia M. P. Vidal, Valéria M. Pequeno, and Francildo Felix De Moura. 2019. MediBot: An Ontology based Chatbot for Portuguese Speakers Drug's Users. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2019),. 25–36.
Tatiane da Silva, Felipe Dal-Pizzol, Carina M Bello, Sotero S Mengue, and Eloir P Schenkel. 2000. Bulas de medicamentos e a informação adequada ao paciente. Revista de Saúde Pública 34, 2 (out 2000), 184–189.
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzoli, Cassia Garcia Moraes, Paulo Sérgio Dourado Arrais, Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi, Luiz Roberto Ramos, Mareni Rocha Farias, Maria Auxiliadora Oliveira, Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares, Vera Lucia Luiza, and Sotero Serrate Mengue. 2019. Medicine package inserts from the users’ perspective: are they read and understood?Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 22, 1 (mar 2019), 1–12.
Cristiano da Silveira Colombo and Elias Silva de Oliveira. 2022. Intelligent Information System for Extracting Knowledge from Pharmaceutical Package Inserts. In XVIII Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems (Curitiba, Brazil) (SBSI). Association for Computing Machinery.
Lucas S. de Paula, Taisa G. Gonçalves, Thatiana V. R. B. Fernandes, and Guilherme H. Travassos. 2019. PipaBot: um canal de comunicação para o PIPA UFRJ. In Anais Estendidos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web (WebMedia). 103–107.
Farmacêutico Digital. 2018. 12 Perguntas que você precisa fazer para o seu Farmacêutico. Retrieved Maio 05, 2021 from [link].
Dorctoralia. 2020. Medicamentos. Retrieved Junho 01, 2021 from https://www.doctoralia.com.br/
Matheus Canali Fossatti, Roberto dos Santos Rabello, and Ana Carolina B De Marchi. 2011. AGEbot: um chatterbot em AIML voltado para responder questões sobre Epilepsia. In Anais do XXXI Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira da Computação,. 25–36.
Patricia Lopes Fujita, Carlos José Saldanha Machado, and Márcia de Oliveira Teixeira. 2014. A bula de medicamentos e a regulação de suas configurações em termos de forma e conteúdo no Brasil. Saúde e Sociedade 23, 1 (confirmar 2014), 277–292.
Maurice Gross. 1997. The Construction of Local Grammars. In ROCHE, E.; SCHABÈS, Y. (eds.). 329–354.
Maurice Gross. 1999. A Bootstrap Method for Constructing Local Grammars. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Contemporary Mathematics. 229–250.
Siaw Ling Lo, Erik Cambria, Raymond Chiong 1, and David Cornforth. 2016. Multilingual sentiment analysis: from formal to informal and scarce resource languages. Artificial Intelligence Review 48, 1 (ago 2016), 499––527.
Michael Arribas-Ayllon Alun Preece Irena Spasic Lowri Williams, Christian Bannister. 2015. The Role of Idioms in Sentiment Analysis. Expert Systems with Applications 42, 21 (nov 2015), 7375–7385.
Nervocalm. 2020. Perguntas Frequentes. Retrieved Maio 05, 2021 from https://nervocalm.com.br/duvidas-frequentes/
S. PAUMIER. 2021. Unitex 3.3 User Manual. Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée.
Juliana P.C. Pirovani and Elias de Oliveira. 2018. CRF+LG: A Hybrid Approach for the Portuguese Named Entity Recognition. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 736.
Juliana P. C. Pirovani, James Alves, Marcos A. Spalenza, Wesley Silva, Cristiano da Silveira Colombo, and Elias de Oliveira. 2019. Adapting NER (CRF+LG) for Many Textual Genres. In Proceedings of the Iberian Languages Evaluation Forum (IberLEF 2019) co-located with 35th Conference of the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing (SEPLN 2019). 421–433. [link]
Juliana P. C. Pirovani, Marcos A. Spalenza, and Elias de Oliveira. 2017. Geração Automática de Questões a Partir do Reconhecimento de Entidades Nomeadas em Textos Didaticos. In Anais do XXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação - SBIE. 1147–1156.
Claudia Rijcken. 2019. Chapter 12 - Pharmbot canopies. In Pharmaceutical Care in Digital Revolution, Claudia Rijcken (Ed.). Academic Press, 135–146.
Marcia Da Silva, Adelia Emilia de Almeida, A. M. Oliveira, C. C. Correia, F. P. Benzatti, J. T. Fernandes, G. R. Barbosa, C. P. Pimenta, T. M M Costa, and V. C. Doneida. 2006. Estudo da bula de medicamentos: uma análise da situação. Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas Básica e Aplicada 27, 3 (out 2006), 229–236.
Tylenol. 2020. Dúvidas Frequentes. Retrieved Maio 05, 2021 from [link]
Unitex. 2022. Unitex. Retrieved Dezembro 1, 2022 from http://unitexgramlab.org/
Veja. 2021. Analgésicos são os medicamentos mais vendidos na pandemia no país. Retrieved Maio 05, 2021 from [link].
GZH Vida. 2018. 13 perguntas e respostas sobre o uso de medicamentos. Retrieved Maio 05, 2021 from [link].
Richard Wallace. 2003. The Anatomy of ALICE. Retrieved Maio 05, 2021 from http://www.alicebot.org
