An IoT-Based Remote Monitoring Information System for Hydroponic Greenhouses in the Context of Smart Farming
Resumo
Research Context: Climate change and population growth pose challenges to food security, requiring innovations in agriculture. Greenhouses emerge as an alternative for controlled cultivation, and hydroponics optimizes water and space usage while allowing precise nutrient management. Scientific and/or Practical Problem: However, hydroponic systems require investment, specialized technical knowledge, and ongoing monitoring. They are vulnerable to energy failures, nutrient imbalances, and environmental variations, leading to rapid production losses, particularly for small producers with limited resources. Proposed Solution and/or Analysis: This work proposes a low-cost IoT-based remote monitoring information system for hydroponic greenhouses. The system integrates sensors connected to Arduino, transmitting real-time data to the ThingSpeak cloud platform. The application enables the visualization of critical variables, provides automatic alerts in the event of deviations, and facilitates remote calibration of pH and electrical conductivity sensors. Related IS Theory: The solution aligns with the principles of Smart Farming and socio-technical IS theory. By supporting decision-making with real-time data and integrating technology with organizational and social dimensions, it reinforces the role of IS in promoting sustainability and efficiency in agriculture. Research Method: An experimental prototype was deployed in a real hydroponic greenhouse, monitoring two reservoirs and cultivation benches. Data from sensors were collected, transmitted via Wi-Fi, stored in ThingSpeak, and consumed by the mobile system for validation under production conditions. Summary of Results: The system successfully monitored variables such as temperature, pH, conductivity, solution volume, turbidity, and flow. Alerts enabled timely corrective actions, including adjustments to nutrient and management of excessive conductivity, while ThingSpeak dashboards supported historical analysis. Contributions and Impact to IS area: The research demonstrates a low-cost, modular IoT infrastructure integrated with a mobile interface for agriculture. It contributes to IS by bridging technology, organization, and social impact, offering accessible tools that support decision-making, resource efficiency, and preventive management in food production.
Referências
Agrolink, A. (2021). Plantio em estufa com alta tecnologia eleva até 30% a produtividade. [link]. Accesso em: 01/05/2023.
Analytics, M. (2016). The age of analytics: competing in a data-driven world. McKinsey Global Institute Research.
Anteryx (2023). Data analytics. [link]. Accesso em: 03/05/2023.
Araujo, R. (2023). Vamos ampliar nossa visão sobre sistemas de informação? Acesso em: 22 jul. 2025.
Arduino (2018). What is arduino? [link]. Accesso em: 10/06/2023.
Carijo, O. A. and Makishima, N. (2000). Princípios de hidroponia. Embrapa Hortalicas. Circular Tecnica.
da Silva, D. A., Mariano, A. B. R., and de Sousa, A. B. O. (2022). Development of a low-cost iot platform for data collection. Engenharia Agrícola, 30:85–96.
de Borba, J. C., da Silva Tiscoski, N., Filho, S. F. R., Neto, V. S., Gruber, V., Esteves, P. C. L., and da Mota Alves, J. B. (2022). Estufas inteligentes e eficientes energeticamente: uma análise descritiva da literatura. Revista e-TECH: Tecnologias para Competitividade Industrial, 15(2).
de Moura Ariza Alpino, T., Mazoto, M. L., de Barros, D. C., and de Freitas, C. M. (2020). Os impactos das mudanças climáticas na segurança alimentar e nutricional: uma revisão da literatura. Cien Saude Colet.
de Queiroz, D. M., Valente, D. S. M., de Assis de Carvalho Pinto, F., and Borém, A. (2022). Agricultura digital - 2° Edição. Oficina de Textos, São Paulo, SP.
Dhal, S. B., Mahanta, S., Gumero, J., O’Sullivan, N., Soetan, M., Louis, J., Gadepally, K. C., Mahanta, S., Lusher, J., and Kalafatis, S. (2023). An iot-based data-driven real-time monitoring system for control of heavy metals to ensure optimal lettuce growth in hydroponic set-ups. Sensors.
Egídio Bezerra Neto, L. P. B. (2012). As técnicas de hidroponia. Portal de Periódios da UFPRE.
Embrapa (2018). Avanço da ciência de dados e big data, inteligência artificial, aprendizado de máquina e cooperativas de dados. [link]. Accesso em: 10/06/2023.
Garofalakis, M., Gehrke, J., and Rastogi, R., editors (2016). Data Stream Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Hanau, C., Lopes, V., Santos, M., Oliveira, R., Graciano-Neto, V., Kassab, M., David, J., and Braga, R. (2025). Smart farming for poultry: Leveraging chicken raising with low cost iot-based information systems. In Anais do XXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação, pages 125–134, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Hidroponia, P. (2023). A hidroponia. [link]. Accesso em: 02/05/2023.
Huang, W.-C., Hsieh, M.-H., Yu, W.-Y., and Chen, Y.-S. (2023). A modularized iot monitoring system with edge-computing for aquaponics. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(4):3659–3669.
Jurgensen, G. P. (2022). Monitoramento e automação de estufa agrícola. io Institucional-Repositór UFSC.
Karimanzira, D. and Rauschenbach, T. (2019). Enhancing aquaponics management with iot-based predictive analytics for efficient information utilization. Information Processing in Agriculture, 6:375–385.
Kiran, M., Murphy, P., Monga, I., Dugan, J., and Baveja, S. S. (2015). Lambda architecture for cost-effective batch and speed big data processing. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), pages 2785–2792. IEEE.
MathWorks (2025). Thingspeak documentation. [link]. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2025.
McRoberts, M. (2011). Arduino Básico. Novatec Editora Ltda, São Paulo, SP.
Megantoro, P., Prastio, R. P., Kusuma, H. F. A., Abror, A., Vigneshwaran, P., Priambodo, D. F., and Alif, D. S. (2022). Instrumentation system for data acquisition and monitoring of hydroponic farming using esp32 via google firebase. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
Novaes, M. S. (2022). Horta vertical com sistema de monitoramento iot. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso — Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”.
ONU (2022). População mundial atinge 8 bilhões de pessoas. [link]. Accesso em: 01/05/2023.
Rajaseger, G., Chan, K. L., Tan, K. Y., Ramasamy, S., Khin, M. C., Amaladoss, A., and Haribhai, P. K. (2023). Hydroponics: Current trends in sustainable crop production. Bioinformation, 19(9):925–938.
Rodrigues, L. R. F. (2002). Técnicas de Cultivo Hidropônico e de Controle Ambiental no Manejo de Pragas, Doenças(Hidroponia). Funep, Jaboticabal, SP.
Rodrigues, L. R. F. (2019). IoT Architecture A Complete Guide. Canada, ON.
Santos, J. D., da Silva, A. L. L., Costa, J., and Scheidt, G. N. (2012). Development of a vinasse nutritive solution for hydroponics. Journal of Environmental Management.
Splash Laboratório (2024). Peagâmetro (phmetro): o que é, função e modelos. Acesso em: 18 ago. 2025.
Totvs, E. (2022). Smart farming: o que é, benefícios e principais tecnologias. [link]. Accesso em: 11/05/2023.
Wildan, M. and Anisa, N. (2024). Internet of things system development and experimentation hydroponic farming. In 2024 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech), page 54–59. IEEE.
