Extração de Ontologias a partir de Histórias: um estudo exploratório em storytelling
Resumo
Empresas e sistemas de TI estão enfrentando um aumento na complexidade do ambiente caracterizada pela colaboração, mudança e variedade de clientes, fornecedores e produtos. Aplicar a técnica de group storytelling pode contribuir para a Gestão do Conhecimento da organização. A contagem de histórias traz benefícios desde a captura até fixação da informação, passando pela comunicação e entendimento dos conceitos. Empresas americanas (3M e Apple), japonesas (Sony e Toshiba) e européias (ClubMed e Océ) já utilizam esta abordagem na prática. Por outro lado, a Engenharia de Ontologias pode contribuir na melhoria da qualidade da informação e oferecer uma solução para lidar com a gestão do conhecimento de forma sistemática. No entanto, a especificação e gestão de ontologias realizadas de forma manual podem ser caras, tediosas, enviesadas e propensas a erro. O aprendizado automático de ontologias é uma abordagem que extrai ontologias a partir de dados, tanto estruturados como não estruturados (textos). Este trabalho apresenta, em fase exploratória, uma proposta capaz de especificar automaticamente os elementos que compõem uma ontologia, a partir do conhecimento tácito dos envolvidos no domínio. Um estudo exploratório foi capaz de obter os conceitos de uma ontologia, de forma automática, a partir de histórias contadas numa ferramenta de group storytelling sobre os processos de negócio de uma das secretarias de uma Universidade de Ensino Superior Federal.
Palavras-chave:
Gestão do Conhecimento, Group Storytelling, Aprendizado de ontologias
Referências
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F. Giunchiglia, P. Shvaiko and M. Yatskevich, "S-Match: an algorithm and an implementation of semantic matching," 2004.
F. Leão, K. Revoredo and F. Baião, "Learning Well-Founded Ontologies through Word Sense Disambiguation," in Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, Fortaleza - CE, 2013.
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H. Leopold, R.-H. Eid-Sabbagh, J. Mendling, L. G. Azevedo and F. A. Baião, "Detection of naming convention violations in process models for differente languages," Decision Support Systems, 2013.
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P. Buitelaar, D. Olejnik and M. Sintek, "A Protégé Plug-In for Ontology Extraction from Text Based on Linguistic Analysis," in Proceedings of the 1st European Semantic Web Symposium (ESWS), Heraklion, Greece, 2004.
P. Cimiano and J. Voker, "Text2Onto A Framework for Ontology Learning and Data-driven Change Discovery," Natural Language Processing and Information, pp. 227-238, 2005.
P. Cimiano, A. Hotho and S. Staab, "Learning Concept Hierarchies from Text Corpora using Formal Concept Analysis," JAIR - Journal of AI Research, vol. 24, pp. 305- 339, 2005.
P. Jain, P. Hitzler, A. Sheth, K. Verma and P. Yeh, "Ontology Alignment for Linked Open," in Proceedings of the 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC, Shangai, China, 2010.
P. Johannesson, "The role of business models in enterprise modelling," in Conceptual modelling in information systems engineering, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, 2007, pp. 123-140.
P. P.-S. Chen, "The entity-relationship model - toward a unified view of data," in ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), vol. 1, 1976, pp. 9-36.
P. Tobin and R. Snyman, "Once Upon a Time in Africa: a Case Study of StoryTelling for Knowledge Sharing," Aslib Proceedings, pp. 130-142, 2008.
P. Vossen, "A multilingual database with lexical semantic networks," Dordrecht, 1998.
R. Perret, M. R. Borges and F. M. SANTORO, "Applying group storytelling in knowledge management," in Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004, pp. 34-41.
R. Vieira and L. Ribeiro, "Ontolp: Engenharia de ontologias em língua portuguesa," in Anais do xxviii congresso da SBCSEMISH-Seminário integrado de software e hardware, Belem do Pará, 2008.
S. Russel and P. . Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3 edition, Prentice Hall, 2009.
S. Staab and R. Studer, Handbook on Ontologies, Springer, 2010.
S. Staab, H. Schnurr, R. Studer and Y. Sure, "Knowledge processes and ontologies," IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2001.
T. M. Mitchell, J. G. Carbonell and R. S. Michalski, Machine Learning: A Guide to Current Research, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2011.
Z. Wang and et al, "RiMOM results for OAEI 2010," Ontology Matching , p. 195, 2010.
A. Gomez-Perez and R. Benjamins, "Knowledge engineering and knowledge management: ontoligies and the semantic web," in 13th International Conference, EKAW 2002, Siguenza Spain, 2002.
A. Gómez-Pérez, M. Fernández-López and O. Corcho, Ontology Engineering, Springer, 2003.
B. Fortuna, M. Grobelnik and D. Mladenic, "OntoGen: semiautomatic ontology editor," Springer Berlin Heindelberg, pp. 309-318, 2007.
C. D. Manning and H. . Schutze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, The MIT Press, 1999.
C. D. Manning, P. Raghavan and H. Schutze, Introduction to Information Retrieval, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
C. Tempich, H. Pinto, Y. Sure and S. Staab, "An argumentation ontology for distributed, loosely-controlled and evolving engineering processes of ontologies (DILIGENT)"," in The Semantic Web: Reserach and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005, pp. 241-256.
C. Wen, X.-B. Wang and Z.-x. Shi, "Automatic domainspecific term extraction in Chinese domain ontology learning," Application Research of Computers, 2009.
D. Fensel, "Language Standardization for the Semantic Web: The Long Way from OIL to OWL," in Distributed Communities on the Web, 4th International Workshop, DCW 2002, Sydney, Australia, 2002.
D. Fensel, "Ontologies: a silver bullet for knowledge management and electronic commerce," Berlin, New York: Springer, 2001.
D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks, D. McGuinness and P. Patel-Schneider, "OIL: an ontology infrastructure for the Semantic Web," IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 16, pp. 38-45, 2001.
E. Yourdon, Modern Structured Analysis, New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs, 1989, pp. 78-94.
F. Fonseca, "The double role of ontologies in information science research," Journal of the American Society For Information Science and Technology, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 786- 793, 2007.
F. Giunchiglia, P. Shvaiko and M. Yatskevich, "S-Match: an algorithm and an implementation of semantic matching," 2004.
F. Leão, K. Revoredo and F. Baião, "Learning Well-Founded Ontologies through Word Sense Disambiguation," in Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, Fortaleza - CE, 2013.
F. M. Santoro and P. Brezillon, "The Role of Shared Context in Group," Computing and Informatics, pp. 1001-1026, 2006.
G. Guizzardi, R. Falbo and R. Guizzardi, "A importância de Ontologias de Fundamentação para a Engenharia de Ontologias de Domínio: o caso do domínio de Processos de Software," IEEE América Latina, vol. 6, pp. 244-251, 2008.
H. Leopold, R.-H. Eid-Sabbagh, J. Mendling, L. G. Azevedo and F. A. Baião, "Detection of naming convention violations in process models for differente languages," Decision Support Systems, 2013.
I. Bedini and B. Nguyen, "Automatic ontology generation: State of the Art," 2007.
I. Mitroff and R. Kilmann, "Store managers tell: a new tool for organizational problem solving," Management Review, vol. 64 No. 7, pp. 18-28, 1975.
J. David, "AROMA results for OAEI," Ontology Matching, p. 122, 2011.
J. Gonçalvez, F. Santoro and F. A. Baião, "Business Process Mining from Group Stories," in Proc. 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, Santiago, Chile, 2009.
J. Recker, Evaluations of Process Modeling Grammars, Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.
J. Rumbaugh, I. Jacobson and G. Booch, The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual, Pearson Higher Education, 2004.
M. Hazman, S. R. El-Beltagy and A. Rafea, "A Survey of Ontology Learning Approaches," International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887), vol. 22, May 2011.
M. Sabou, C. Wroe, C. Goble and G. Mishne, "Learning Domain Ontologies for Web Services Descriptions: An Experiment in Bioinformatics," in Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web, Chiba, Japan, 2005.
M. Shamsfard and A. A. Barforoush, "The state of the art in ontology learning: a framework for comparison," The Knowledge Engineering Review, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 293-316, 2003.
N. Guarino, "Formal ontology in information systems," Proceedings of the first internation conference (FOIS´98), vol. 46, 6-8 June 1998.
N. Guarino, "Semantic matching: Formal ontological distinctions for information organization, extraction, and integration.," in Information Extraction: A Multidisciplinary Approach to an Emerging Information Technology, Berlin, Springer, 1997, pp. 139-170.
N. Noy and C. Hafner, "The State of Art in Ontology Design," AI Magazine, vol. 18, pp. 53-74, 1997.
P. Buitelaar, D. Olejnik and M. Sintek, "A Protégé Plug-In for Ontology Extraction from Text Based on Linguistic Analysis," in Proceedings of the 1st European Semantic Web Symposium (ESWS), Heraklion, Greece, 2004.
P. Cimiano and J. Voker, "Text2Onto A Framework for Ontology Learning and Data-driven Change Discovery," Natural Language Processing and Information, pp. 227-238, 2005.
P. Cimiano, A. Hotho and S. Staab, "Learning Concept Hierarchies from Text Corpora using Formal Concept Analysis," JAIR - Journal of AI Research, vol. 24, pp. 305- 339, 2005.
P. Jain, P. Hitzler, A. Sheth, K. Verma and P. Yeh, "Ontology Alignment for Linked Open," in Proceedings of the 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC, Shangai, China, 2010.
P. Johannesson, "The role of business models in enterprise modelling," in Conceptual modelling in information systems engineering, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, 2007, pp. 123-140.
P. P.-S. Chen, "The entity-relationship model - toward a unified view of data," in ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), vol. 1, 1976, pp. 9-36.
P. Tobin and R. Snyman, "Once Upon a Time in Africa: a Case Study of StoryTelling for Knowledge Sharing," Aslib Proceedings, pp. 130-142, 2008.
P. Vossen, "A multilingual database with lexical semantic networks," Dordrecht, 1998.
R. Perret, M. R. Borges and F. M. SANTORO, "Applying group storytelling in knowledge management," in Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004, pp. 34-41.
R. Vieira and L. Ribeiro, "Ontolp: Engenharia de ontologias em língua portuguesa," in Anais do xxviii congresso da SBCSEMISH-Seminário integrado de software e hardware, Belem do Pará, 2008.
S. Russel and P. . Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3 edition, Prentice Hall, 2009.
S. Staab and R. Studer, Handbook on Ontologies, Springer, 2010.
S. Staab, H. Schnurr, R. Studer and Y. Sure, "Knowledge processes and ontologies," IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2001.
T. M. Mitchell, J. G. Carbonell and R. S. Michalski, Machine Learning: A Guide to Current Research, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2011.
Z. Wang and et al, "RiMOM results for OAEI 2010," Ontology Matching , p. 195, 2010.
Publicado
26/05/2015
Como Citar
CONFORT, Valdemar; REVOREDO, Kate; BAIÃO, Fernanda; SANTORO, Flávia.
Extração de Ontologias a partir de Histórias: um estudo exploratório em storytelling. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO (SBSI), 11. , 2015, Goiânia.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2015
.
p. 243-250.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2015.5823.
