Creation of Materials from Tabular BRDFs

  • Mislene da Silva Nunes UFS
  • Gastão Florêncio Miranda Jr. UFS
  • Beatriz Trinchão Andrade UFS

Resumo


Rendering materials with a realistic appearance requires considering how they interact with the light. Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs) are often used to achieve this goal. There are different ways to represent materials from BRDFs, which include tabular BRDFs, analytical models, and linear combinations of a BRDF database. In the last decade, the search for more realism in rendering increased the interest in using tabular BRDFs. However, this approach requires a long acquisition process and high storage space. This master dissertation proposes a pipeline to create new materials from a tabular BRDF database. During this process, we also explored two related topics: we compiled and proposed techniques to evaluate BRDFs, and developed an approach to preprocess and cluster a BRDF database. These researches presented insights and contributions that are useful for contexts other than ours and provided analysis that reinforced our choice of techniques to reach our goal. As a final result, our method creates new materials with realism and consistency.

Referências

M. da Silva Nunes, G. F. Miranda Junior, and B. T. Andrade, "An appearance-driven space to create new BRDFs," Computers & Graphics, vol. 102, pp. 245-256, 2022.

J. J. Hsia and J. C. Richmond, "A High Resolution Laser Bidirectional Reflectometer With Results on Several Optical Coatings," in National Bureau of Standards, Feb 1976, pp. 189-205.

D. R. White, P. Saunders, S. J. Bonsey, J. van de Ven, and H. Edgar, "Reflectometer for Measuring the Bidirectional Reflectance of Rough Surfaces," Appl. Opt., vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 3450-3454, 1998.

S. R. Marschner, S. H. Westin, E. P. F. Lafortune, and K. E. Torrance, "Image-based bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurement," Appl. Opt., vol. 39, no. 16, pp. 2592-2600, Jun 2000.

W. Matusik, H. Pfister, M. Brand, and L. McMillan, "A Data-driven Reflectance Model," ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 759-769, Jul. 2003.

B. T. Phong, "Illumination for Computer Generated Pictures," Commun. ACM, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 311-317, Jun. 1975.

R. L. Cook and K. E. Torrance, "A Reflectance Model for Computer Graphics," ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 7-24, Jan. 1982.

X. D. He, K. E. Torrance, F. X. Sillion, and D. P. Greenberg, "A Comprehensive Physical Model for Light Reflection," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, ser. SIGGRAPH '91. ACM, 1991, pp. 175-186.

E. P. F. Lafortune, S.-C. Foo, K. E. Torrance, and D. P. Greenberg, "Non-linear Approximation of Reflectance Functions," in Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, ser. SIGGRAPH '97. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1997, pp. 117-126.

M. Ashikhmin and P. Shirley, "An Anisotropic Phong BRDF Model," Journal of Graphics Tools, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 25-32, 2000.

M. M. Bagher, C. Soler, and N. Holzschuch, "Accurate Fitting of Measured Reflectances using a Shifted Gamma Micro-facet Distribution," Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 1509-1518, Jun 2012.

W. Matusik, H. Pfister, M. Brand, and L. McMillan, "Efficient Isotropic BRDF Measurement," in Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering. Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland: Eurographics Association, 2003, pp. 241-247.

R. P. Weistroffer, K. R. Walcott, G. Humphreys, and J. Lawrence, "Efficient Basis Decomposition for Scattered Reflectance Data," in Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics Conference on Rendering Techniques. Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland: Eurographics Association, 2007, pp. 207-218.

H. P. A. Lensch, "Efficient, Image-Based Appearance Acquisition of Real-World Objects," Doctoral dissertation, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Dec. 2003.

F. M. Nascimento, A. B. de Carvalho, and B. T. Andrade, "Improving the Selection of Bases of BRDFs for Appearance Preservation," in 2016 29th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI), Oct. 2016, pp. 440-447.

J. Filip and R. Vávra, "Template-Based Sampling of Anisotropic BRDFs," Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 91-99, Oct. 2014.

J. Dupuy and W. Jakob, An Adaptive Parameterization for Efficient Material Acquisition and Rendering, 2018 (accessed June 24, 2022), https://rgl.epfl.ch/publications/Dupuy2018Adaptive.

J. B. Nielsen, H. W. Jensen, and R. Ramamoorthi, "On Optimal, Minimal BRDF Sampling for Reflectance Acquisition," ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 34, pp. 186:1-186:11, Oct. 2015.

A. Serrano, D. Gutierrez, K. Myszkowski, H.-P. Seidel, and B. Masia, "An Intuitive Control Space for Material Appearance," ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 186:1-186:12, Nov. 2016.

M. D. S. Nunes, G. F. Miranda, and B. T. Andrade, "Using Dimensionality Reduction to Create New Materials from Tabular BRDFs," in 2017 30th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI), Oct 2017, pp. 230-237.

T. Sun, H. W. Jensen, and R. Ramamoorthi, "Connecting Measured BRDFs to Analytic BRDFs by Data-driven Diffuse-specular Separation," ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 273:1-273:15, Dec. 2018.

M. da Silva Nunes, "Criação de Materiais Compostos por BRDFs Tabulares," Master's thesis, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2021.

M. d. S. Nunes, F. M. Nascimento, G. F. Miranda Jr., and B. T. Andrade, "Techniques for BRDF Evaluation," The Visual Computer, Jan 2021.

M. da Silva Nunes, M. Colaço Júnior, G. F. Miranda Jr., and B. T. Andrade, "An approach to preprocess and cluster a brdf database," Graphical Models, vol. 119, p. 101123, 2022.

M. Brand, "Charting a manifold," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15. MIT Press, 2003, pp. 961-968.

J. Wills, S. Agarwal, D. Kriegman, and S. Belongie, "Toward a Perceptual Space for Gloss," ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 103:1-103:15, Sep. 2009.

B. Hu, J. Guo, Y. Chen, M. Li, and Y. Guo, "DeepBRDF: A Deep Representation for Manipulating Measured BRDF," Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 157-166, 2020.

J. Guo, Y. Guo, J. Pan, and W. Lu, "BRDF Analysis with Directional Statistics and its Applications," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1476-1489, 2020.

J. Tzeng, H. H.-S. Lu, and W.-H. Li, "Multidimensional scaling for large genomic data sets," BMC Bioinformatics, vol. 9, p. 179, Apr. 2008.

V. d. Silva and J. B. Tenenbaum, "Global versus Local Methods in Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction," in Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, ser. NIPS'02. MIT Press, 2002, p. 721-728.

N. Amenta, D. Attali, and O. Devillers, "Complexity of Delaunay Triangulation for Points on Lower-Dimensional Polyhedra," ser. SODA '07. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2007, p. 1106-1113.

D. Xu and Y. Tian, "A Comprehensive Survey of Clustering Algorithms," Annals of Data Science, vol. 2, pp. 165-193, 2015.

A. Ngan, F. Durand, and W. Matusik, "Experimental Analysis of BRDF Models - Supplemental," 2005.

M. M. Bagher, C. Soler, and N. Holzschuch, "Accurate Fitting of Measured Reflectances using a Shifted Gamma Micro-facet Distribution - Supplemental," 2012.

L. K. Saul and S. T. Roweis, "An Introduction to Locally Linear Embedding," 2000. [Online]. Available: https://cs.nyu.edu/~Croweis/lle/publications.html

D. Yan, L. Huang, and M. I. Jordan, "Fast Approximate Spectral Clustering," in Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ser. KDD '09. Association for Computing Machinery, 2009, p. 907-916.
Publicado
24/10/2022
NUNES, Mislene da Silva; MIRANDA JR., Gastão Florêncio; ANDRADE, Beatriz Trinchão. Creation of Materials from Tabular BRDFs. In: WORKSHOP DE TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES - CONFERENCE ON GRAPHICS, PATTERNS AND IMAGES (SIBGRAPI), 35. , 2022, Natal/RN. Anais [...]. Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022 . p. 27-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2022.23257.