Otimização em VHDL e Desempenho em FPGAs do Algoritmo de Criptografia DES
Resumo
A segurança nas transmissões de informações torna-se cada vez mais importante, exigindo que novas técnicas e algoritmos de criptografia de informações sejam desenvolvidos para promover um ambiente de transmissão seguro. Para muitas aplicações não só a segurança é prioridade no fundamento do algoritmo utilizado, mas também a velocidade do processo de cifragem e decifragem. Este artigo destaca o algoritmo de criptografia DES e sua descrição em VHDL. O Data EnCryption Standard (DES) - é um padrão criptográfico criado em 1977 através de uma licitação aberta pela antiga Agência Nacional de Segurança americana National Security Agency (NSA). Neste artigo, é definido seu funcionamento, discutindo as metadologias de implementação em hardware, propondo uma otimização para a metodologia mais utilizada por projetistas hardware. Os resultados obtidos são importantes para a conclusão da primeira fase do projeto de um criptoprocessador. Estatísticas de desempenho temporal e espacial são geradas para a comparação entre as metodologias, discutindo a otimização obtida.
Referências
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NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology, "DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES)FISP 46-3". USA, 1999.
Routo Terada. Segurança de Dados Criptografia em Redes de Computadores, Ed. Edgard Blücher, 1ª Edição. 2000.
Schneier B. Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms and Source in C. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996.
An FPGA Implementation and Performance Evaluation of the Serpent Block Cipher. AJ. Elbirt, C. Paar. In Proc. of FPGAs 2000.
A Current Perspective on Encryption Algorithms. Lawrie Brown. Technical report, School of Computer Science. Australian Defense Force Academy, Canberra, Australia. http://www.adfa.oz.au/~lrb/papers. UniforumNZ'99, May, 1999. Also, UUG98, Sept., 1998.
Reconfigurable Hardware in Modem Cryptography. Technical Report, ECC 2000, Prof. C. Paar. Cryptography and Information Security Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. Worcester Polytechnic Institute. http://www.ccc.wpi.cdu/Research/crypt.
Implementations Options for Finite Field Arithmetic for Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems. Technical Report, ECC '99, Prof. C. Paar. Cryptography and Information Security Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. Worcester Polytechnic Institute. http://www.ece.wpi.edu/Research/crypt.
Network and Computer Science. Course Information, 1999. R. L. Rivest. http://web.mit.edu/6.85//www/announce.html.
How Well Are High-End DSPs Suited for the AES Algorithms ? AES Algorithms on the TMS320C6x DSP. Thomas J. Wollinger, Min Wang, Jorge Guajardo, C. Paar. The Third Advance Encryption Standard (AES3) Candidate Conference, April, 2000, New York, U.S.A
A Rapid Prototyping Enviroment for Processar Design and Simulation to Teach Computer Architecture. Sebatiano Pizzutilo, Filippo Tangorra. Università di Bari, Italy. May, 2001. PDCS-2002.
Serpent : A Proposal for the Advanced Encryption Standard. Ross Anderson, Eli Biham, LarsKnudsen. Cambridge University, England.
AES Proposal: Rijndael Block Cipher. Joan Daemen, Yincent Rijmen. 03/09/99.
Fast lmplementations of RSA Cryptography. M Shand, J. Vuillemin,. Digital Equipment Corp (DEC). Paris Research Laboratory, France.
lmplementations of the TWOFISH Cipher Using FPGA Devices. Pawel Chodowiec, Kris Gaj. Technical Report, Electrical and Computer engineering, George Mason University, July, 1999.
MARS: A Candidate Cipher for AES. Carolynn Burwick. Don Coppersmith, Edward D'Avignon. IBM Corporation, Sep., 1999.
Architectural Synthesis from Behavioral Code to lmplementation in a XILINX FPGA. Doug Johnson, Business Development Manager, Forntier Design Inc. https://www.frontierd.com
An Algorithm-Agile Cryptographic Coprocessor Based on FPGAs. Christof Paar, Brebdon Chetwynd, Thomas Connor, Sheng Yung Deng, Steve Marchant. ECE Dep. Worcester Polytechnic lnstitute, Worcester. U.S.A. The SPIE's Symposium on Voice and Data Communications, Sep. 1999, Bosta, U.S.A
An Architectural Analysis of Cryptographic Applications for Network Processors. Haiyong Xic, Li Zhou, Laxmi Bhuyan. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Univ. of California, Riverside. IEEE First Workshop on Network Processors, with HPCA-R, Bosto, U.S.A., Feb., 2002.
CryptoManiac: A Fast Flexible Architecture for Secure Communication. Lisa Wu, Chris Weaver, Todd Austin. Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory. Univ. of Michigan, U.S.A, In Proc. of ISCA-2001 (lntl. Conf. On Computer Architecture), Goteborg, Sweden.
Architectural Support for Fast Symmetric-Key Cryptography. Jerome Burke, John McDonald, Todd Austin. Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, Univ. of Michigan, U.S.A, In Proc. of ASPLOS IX, Cambridge, 2000.
The Simulation and lmplementation of Next Generation Encryption Algorithm RIJNDAEL. Dong Bok Yeom. Jong Su Lee, Jong Sou Park, Sang Tae Kim. In Proc. of MIC-2002.
NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology, "DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES)FISP 46-3". USA, 1999.
Routo Terada. Segurança de Dados Criptografia em Redes de Computadores, Ed. Edgard Blücher, 1ª Edição. 2000.
Schneier B. Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms and Source in C. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996.
An FPGA Implementation and Performance Evaluation of the Serpent Block Cipher. AJ. Elbirt, C. Paar. In Proc. of FPGAs 2000.
A Current Perspective on Encryption Algorithms. Lawrie Brown. Technical report, School of Computer Science. Australian Defense Force Academy, Canberra, Australia. http://www.adfa.oz.au/~lrb/papers. UniforumNZ'99, May, 1999. Also, UUG98, Sept., 1998.
Reconfigurable Hardware in Modem Cryptography. Technical Report, ECC 2000, Prof. C. Paar. Cryptography and Information Security Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. Worcester Polytechnic Institute. http://www.ccc.wpi.cdu/Research/crypt.
Implementations Options for Finite Field Arithmetic for Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems. Technical Report, ECC '99, Prof. C. Paar. Cryptography and Information Security Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. Worcester Polytechnic Institute. http://www.ece.wpi.edu/Research/crypt.
Network and Computer Science. Course Information, 1999. R. L. Rivest. http://web.mit.edu/6.85//www/announce.html.
How Well Are High-End DSPs Suited for the AES Algorithms ? AES Algorithms on the TMS320C6x DSP. Thomas J. Wollinger, Min Wang, Jorge Guajardo, C. Paar. The Third Advance Encryption Standard (AES3) Candidate Conference, April, 2000, New York, U.S.A
A Rapid Prototyping Enviroment for Processar Design and Simulation to Teach Computer Architecture. Sebatiano Pizzutilo, Filippo Tangorra. Università di Bari, Italy. May, 2001. PDCS-2002.
Serpent : A Proposal for the Advanced Encryption Standard. Ross Anderson, Eli Biham, LarsKnudsen. Cambridge University, England.
AES Proposal: Rijndael Block Cipher. Joan Daemen, Yincent Rijmen. 03/09/99.
Fast lmplementations of RSA Cryptography. M Shand, J. Vuillemin,. Digital Equipment Corp (DEC). Paris Research Laboratory, France.
lmplementations of the TWOFISH Cipher Using FPGA Devices. Pawel Chodowiec, Kris Gaj. Technical Report, Electrical and Computer engineering, George Mason University, July, 1999.
MARS: A Candidate Cipher for AES. Carolynn Burwick. Don Coppersmith, Edward D'Avignon. IBM Corporation, Sep., 1999.
Architectural Synthesis from Behavioral Code to lmplementation in a XILINX FPGA. Doug Johnson, Business Development Manager, Forntier Design Inc. https://www.frontierd.com
An Algorithm-Agile Cryptographic Coprocessor Based on FPGAs. Christof Paar, Brebdon Chetwynd, Thomas Connor, Sheng Yung Deng, Steve Marchant. ECE Dep. Worcester Polytechnic lnstitute, Worcester. U.S.A. The SPIE's Symposium on Voice and Data Communications, Sep. 1999, Bosta, U.S.A
An Architectural Analysis of Cryptographic Applications for Network Processors. Haiyong Xic, Li Zhou, Laxmi Bhuyan. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Univ. of California, Riverside. IEEE First Workshop on Network Processors, with HPCA-R, Bosto, U.S.A., Feb., 2002.
CryptoManiac: A Fast Flexible Architecture for Secure Communication. Lisa Wu, Chris Weaver, Todd Austin. Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory. Univ. of Michigan, U.S.A, In Proc. of ISCA-2001 (lntl. Conf. On Computer Architecture), Goteborg, Sweden.
Architectural Support for Fast Symmetric-Key Cryptography. Jerome Burke, John McDonald, Todd Austin. Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, Univ. of Michigan, U.S.A, In Proc. of ASPLOS IX, Cambridge, 2000.
The Simulation and lmplementation of Next Generation Encryption Algorithm RIJNDAEL. Dong Bok Yeom. Jong Su Lee, Jong Sou Park, Sang Tae Kim. In Proc. of MIC-2002.
Publicado
10/11/2003
Como Citar
PEREIRA, Fábio Dacêncio; MORENO, Edward David.
Otimização em VHDL e Desempenho em FPGAs do Algoritmo de Criptografia DES. In: SIMPÓSIO EM SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS DE ALTO DESEMPENHO (SSCAD), 4. , 2003, São Paulo.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2003
.
p. 80-87.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wscad.2003.19106.
