Transparency and Traceability of Congressional Earmarks: a System for Monitoring and Analyzing Public Data

• Fernando Antonio Dantas Gomes Pinto PUC-Rio
• Jônatas Tavares Pessanha PUC-Rio
• Bruno Bondarovsky PUC-Rio
• Sérgio Lifschitz PUC-Rio
• Edward Hermann Haeusler PUC-Rio

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/lasdigov.2025.9316

Resumo

Transparency in public funds is essential for oversight and social control. However, some current monitoring solutions for Congressional Earmarks are incomplete. Official government sources are distributed across multiple endpoints, making data extraction challenging and creating user uncertainties. In addition, other initiatives are limited to specific types of congressional earmarks, failing to provide a comprehensive view of the process. This paper presents the development of a system capable of tracking the entire lifecycle of congressional earmarks, from proposal to payment. The solution was made with a relational database, allowing structured queries to identify authors, recipients, amounts, and congressional earmarks locations (municipal, state, and regional). Additionally, the system integrates Business Intelligence (BI) tools to generate interactive analytical views, facilitating data comprehension and supporting decision-making. With a clear and user-friendly interface, the platform improves transparency and is essential for researchers, journalists, and citizens interested in monitoring budget allocations.

Referências

AllegroGraph (2019). Allegrograph - the enterprise knowledge graph. Accessed: 201911-12.

Brasil (1988). Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Presidência da República. Accessed: 2025-03-24.

Brasil (2019). Lei nº 13.898. diretrizes para a lei orçamentária de 2020. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil.

Buneman, P., Khanna, S., and Tan, W.-C. (2001). Why and where: A characterization of data provenance. In International Conference on Database Theory, pages 316–330. Springer.

Cheney, J., Chiticariu, L., and Tan, W.-C. (2009). Provenance in databases: Why, how, and where. Foundations and Trends in Databases, 1(4):379–474.

da União, C.-G. (2025). Portal da transparência. Accessed: 2025-03-29.

das Emendas, C. (2025). Central das emendas.

de Contas da União (TCU), T. (2021). Contas do governo 2021 – emendas de relator geral.

de S. Paulo, O. E. (2025). Emendas de parlamentares vão parar em empresas de suplentes e até em posto de gasolina de deputado. O Estado de S. Paulo.

de S.Paulo, F. (2025). Emendas movimentam r$ 150 bi em 5 anos. Folha de S.Paulo.

do Brasil, G. F. (2025a). Manual de emendas parlamentares. Accessed: 2025-03-24.

do Brasil, T. N. (2025b). Manual do siafi. Accessed: 2025-03-24.

Douglas, K. and Douglas, S. (2003). PostgreSQL. New Riders Publishing, USA.

Federal, S. (2025). Portal siga brasil. Accessed: 2024-10-11.

Federal, S. T. (2023). Decisões do stf reforçam transparência na destinação de emendas parlamentares. Diário da Justiça.

Globo, O. (2025). Ongs brasileiras citam desperdício e corrupção ao denunciar falta de transparência nas emendas parlamentares à onu. O Globo.

Green, T. J., Karvounarakis, G., and Tannen, V. (2007). Provenance semirings. In PODS ’07: Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, pages 31–40, Beijing, China. ACM.

Kimball, R. and Ross, M. (2002). The Data Warehouse Toolkit: The Complete Guide to Dimensional Modeling. Wiley, 2 edition.

Nacional, C. (2024). Ofício ao stf sobre adpf 854, adi 7688, adi 7695 e adi 7697.

Parlamentar, F. (2023). Frente fit. Accessed: 2025-02-02.

Poder360 (2025). Projeto que padroniza emendas é aprovado com brecha na transparência. Poder360.

Psycopg (2025). Psycopg3 documentation. Accessed: 2025-02-03.

Simmhan, Y. L., Plale, B., and Gannon, D. (2005). A survey of data provenance techniques.