A method for analysis of human temperament in contrast to social network data
Resumo
Currently, with the growth of the use of social networks, the possibilities of studies on social relationships and interactions have grown significantly. Understanding how users express their feelings and manifest their temperaments in social networks can be a step towards anticipating psychological disorders. Instagram has billions of users and is among the most used social networks today. However, it is still little explored as a source of study for human temperament. This work aims to analyze the relationships between users’ temperament and their data collected from the social network Instagram. For the analysis of textual data, two sentiment classification strategies are proposed. The sentiment classification results were satisfactory, with accuracy above 80% in three different databases. In order to analyze the relationship between the temperaments and social network data, statistical tests are used. Each user is represented by their positive and negative captions, the use of emojis in their posts, and the number of likes in their posts. Users of the same temperament are contrasted with users of other temperaments. The results indicate that depressed users post more captions with positive sentiment than hyperthymic, angry and worried users. Anxious users have more likes than depressed, hyperthymic, angry and worried users, and finally, anxious users use more emojis in Instagram captions than depressed and angry users.
Palavras-chave:
temperament, social media, Instagram, sentiment analysis, text classification
Referências
Hagop S. Akiskal and Kareen K. Akiskal. 2005. TEMPS: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego. Journal of Affective Disorders 85, 1 (2005), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.12.003
Hagop S Akiskal, Kareen K Akiskal, Radwan F Haykal, J Sloan Manning, and Pamela D Connor. 2005. TEMPS-A: progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. Journal of affective disorders 85, 1-2 (2005), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.12.001
John E Bates, Jackson A Goodnight, and Jennifer E Fite. 2008. Temperament and emotion. Handbook of emotions 3 (2008), 485–496.
Flavio Carvalho, Leonardo F. dos Santos, Heraldo Borges, Eduardo Ogasawara, and Gustavo Paiva Guedes. 2019. Discovering Patterns in Sentimental Analysis. In Anais do XXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web (Rio de Janeiro). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 329–332. https://doi.org/10.1145/3323503.3361683
Deborah Chambers. 2013. Social media and personal relationships: Online intimacies and networked friendship. Springer.
Cristina Fátima Claro et al. 2018. Um estudo de caso sobre o modelo de temperamento de Keirsey. (2018).
Shirley Cramer and Dr Becky Inkster. 2017. Social media and young people’s mental health and wellbeing. [link]
Erikson Júlio de Aguiar, Bruno S Faiçal, Jó Ueyama, Glauco Carlos Silva, and André Menolli. 2018. Análise de sentimento em redes sociais para a língua portuguesa utilizando algoritmos de classificação. In Anais do XXXVI Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. SBC. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2018.2430
Daria Dembińska-Krajewska and Janusz Rybakowski. 2014. The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A)–an important tool to study affective temperaments. Psychiatr Pol 48, 2 (2014), 261–76.
L Eriksson, E Johansson, N Kettaneh-Wold, C Wikström, and S Wold. 2000. Design of experiments. Principles and Applications, Learn ways AB, Stockholm (2000).
Brian A Feinstein, Rachel Hershenberg, Vickie Bhatia, Jessica A Latack, Nathalie Meuwly, and Joanne Davila. 2013. Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture 2, 3 (2013), 161.
Carlos Gois, Hagop Akiskal, Kareen Akiskal, and M Luisa Figueira. 2012. The relationship between temperament, diabetes and depression. Journal of affective disorders 142 (2012), S67–S71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(12)70010-1
Jennifer Golbeck, Cristina Robles, Michon Edmondson, and Karen Turner. 2011. Predicting personality from twitter. In 2011 IEEE third international conference on privacy, security, risk and trust and 2011 IEEE third international conference on social computing. IEEE, 149–156. https://doi.org/978-0-7695-4578-3/11
Andreas Hotho, Andreas Nürnberger, and Gerhard Paaß. 2005. A brief survey of text mining.. In Ldv Forum, Vol. 20. Citeseer, 19–62.
Shaohai Jiang and Annabel Ngien. 2020. The effects of Instagram use, social comparison, and self-esteem on social anxiety: A survey study in Singapore.Social Media+ Society 6, 2 (2020), 2056305120912488 https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120912488
Daniel P Kansaon, Michele A Brandão, and Saulo A de Paula Pinto. 2018. Análise de Sentimentos em Tweets em Português Brasileiro. In Anais do VII Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining. SBC. https://doi.org/10.5753/brasnam.2018.3578
Simon Kemp. 2022. GLOBAL SOCIAL MEDIA STATS. [link].
Tae Kyun Kim. 2015. T test as a parametric statistic. Korean journal of anesthesiology 68, 6 (2015), 540. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2015.68.6.540
Frederic J Kochman, Elie G Hantouche, Paolo Ferrari, S Lancrenon, D Bayart, and Hagop S Akiskal. 2005. Cyclothymic temperament as a prospective predictor of bipolarity and suicidality in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. Journal of affective disorders 85, 1-2 (2005), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2003.09.009
Ana Carolina ES Lima and Leandro Nunes de Castro. 2019. TECLA: A temperament and psychological type prediction framework from Twitter data. Plos one 14, 3 (2019), e0212844. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212844
Katerina Lup, Leora Trub, and Lisa Rosenthal. 2015. Instagram# instasad?: exploring associations among instagram use, depressive symptoms, negative social comparison, and strangers followed. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 18, 5 (2015), 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033111
Elizabeth M McCarroll, Eric W Lindsey, Carol MacKinnon-Lewis, Jessica Campbell Chambers, and James M Frabutt. 2009. Health status and peer relationships in early adolescence: The role of peer contact, self-esteem, and social anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies 18, 4 (2009), 473–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9251-9
Roy L Payne and Cary Cooper. 2003. Emotions at work: Theory, research and applications for management. John Wiley & Sons.
Matheus Adler Soares Pinto, Antonio Fernando Lavareda Jacob Junior, Antonio José G Busson, and Sérgio Colcher. 2020. Relacionando modelagem de tópicos e classificação de sentimentos para análise de mensagens do twitter durante a pandemia da covid-19. In Anais Estendidos do XXVI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web. SBC, 61–64. https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2020.13064
Barbara Plank and Dirk Hovy. 2015. Personality traits on twitter—or—how to get 1,500 personality tests in a week. In Proceedings of the 6th workshop on computational approaches to subjectivity, sentiment and social media analysis. 92–98.
Ivanka Prichard, Eliza Kavanagh, Kate E Mulgrew, Megan SC Lim, and Marika Tiggemann. 2020. The effect of Instagram# fitspiration images on young women’s mood, body image, and exercise behaviour. Body Image 33 (2020), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.002
Alexander B. Swan Randy Stein. 2019. Evaluating the validity of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator theory: A teaching tool and window into intuitive psychology. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 13 (2019). Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12434
Renata Lopes Rosa. 2015. Análise de sentimentos e afetividade de textos extraídos das redes sociais. Ph.D. Dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo.
Mary K Rothbart, Stephan A Ahadi, and David E Evans. 2000. Temperament and personality: origins and outcomes. Journal of personality and social psychology 78, 1 (2000), 122. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.122
Ben Verhoeven, Walter Daelemans, and Barbara Plank. 2016. Twisty: a multilingual twitter stylometry corpus for gender and personality profiling. In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016)/Calzolari, Nicoletta [edit.]; et al. 1–6.
Christian Weismayer, Ulrich Gunter, and Irem Önder. 2021. Temporal variability of emotions in social media posts. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 167 (2021), 120699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120699
Erica Woodruff, Larissa T Genaro, Jesus Landeira-Fernandez, Elie Cheniaux, Jerson Laks, Girardin Jean-Louis, Antônio E Nardi, Márcio C Versiani, Hagop S Akiskal, and Mauro V Mendlowicz. 2011. Validation of the Brazilian brief version of the temperament auto-questionnaire TEMPS-A: the brief TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro. Journal of affective disorders 134, 1-3 (2011), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.02.005
Chia-chen Yang and Angela Robinson. 2018. Not necessarily detrimental: Two social comparison orientations and their associations with social media use and college social adjustment. Computers in human behavior 84 (2018), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.020
Lu Yin, Tian-He Song, Yan-Yan Wei, Li-Gang Zhang, Shuang-Jiang Zhou, Jian-Jin Yu, Li-Ye Zhang, Hong-Juan Li, and Jing-Xu Chen. 2022. Relationship between affective temperaments and suicide risk in patients with first-onset major depressive disorder. Frontiers in psychiatry 13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893195
Ming Zhan, Ruibo Tu, and Qin Yu. 2018. Understanding readers: Conducting sentiment analysis of Instagram captions. In Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1145/3297156.3297270
Muhammad Zidny Naf’an, Alhamda Bimantara, Afiatari Larasati, Ezar Risondang, and Novanda Nugraha. 2019. Sentiment Analysis of Cyberbullying on Instagram User Comments. Journal of Data Science and Its Applications 2 (04 2019), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.21108/jdsa.2019.2.20
Hagop S Akiskal, Kareen K Akiskal, Radwan F Haykal, J Sloan Manning, and Pamela D Connor. 2005. TEMPS-A: progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. Journal of affective disorders 85, 1-2 (2005), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.12.001
John E Bates, Jackson A Goodnight, and Jennifer E Fite. 2008. Temperament and emotion. Handbook of emotions 3 (2008), 485–496.
Flavio Carvalho, Leonardo F. dos Santos, Heraldo Borges, Eduardo Ogasawara, and Gustavo Paiva Guedes. 2019. Discovering Patterns in Sentimental Analysis. In Anais do XXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web (Rio de Janeiro). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 329–332. https://doi.org/10.1145/3323503.3361683
Deborah Chambers. 2013. Social media and personal relationships: Online intimacies and networked friendship. Springer.
Cristina Fátima Claro et al. 2018. Um estudo de caso sobre o modelo de temperamento de Keirsey. (2018).
Shirley Cramer and Dr Becky Inkster. 2017. Social media and young people’s mental health and wellbeing. [link]
Erikson Júlio de Aguiar, Bruno S Faiçal, Jó Ueyama, Glauco Carlos Silva, and André Menolli. 2018. Análise de sentimento em redes sociais para a língua portuguesa utilizando algoritmos de classificação. In Anais do XXXVI Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. SBC. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2018.2430
Daria Dembińska-Krajewska and Janusz Rybakowski. 2014. The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A)–an important tool to study affective temperaments. Psychiatr Pol 48, 2 (2014), 261–76.
L Eriksson, E Johansson, N Kettaneh-Wold, C Wikström, and S Wold. 2000. Design of experiments. Principles and Applications, Learn ways AB, Stockholm (2000).
Brian A Feinstein, Rachel Hershenberg, Vickie Bhatia, Jessica A Latack, Nathalie Meuwly, and Joanne Davila. 2013. Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture 2, 3 (2013), 161.
Carlos Gois, Hagop Akiskal, Kareen Akiskal, and M Luisa Figueira. 2012. The relationship between temperament, diabetes and depression. Journal of affective disorders 142 (2012), S67–S71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(12)70010-1
Jennifer Golbeck, Cristina Robles, Michon Edmondson, and Karen Turner. 2011. Predicting personality from twitter. In 2011 IEEE third international conference on privacy, security, risk and trust and 2011 IEEE third international conference on social computing. IEEE, 149–156. https://doi.org/978-0-7695-4578-3/11
Andreas Hotho, Andreas Nürnberger, and Gerhard Paaß. 2005. A brief survey of text mining.. In Ldv Forum, Vol. 20. Citeseer, 19–62.
Shaohai Jiang and Annabel Ngien. 2020. The effects of Instagram use, social comparison, and self-esteem on social anxiety: A survey study in Singapore.Social Media+ Society 6, 2 (2020), 2056305120912488 https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120912488
Daniel P Kansaon, Michele A Brandão, and Saulo A de Paula Pinto. 2018. Análise de Sentimentos em Tweets em Português Brasileiro. In Anais do VII Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining. SBC. https://doi.org/10.5753/brasnam.2018.3578
Simon Kemp. 2022. GLOBAL SOCIAL MEDIA STATS. [link].
Tae Kyun Kim. 2015. T test as a parametric statistic. Korean journal of anesthesiology 68, 6 (2015), 540. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2015.68.6.540
Frederic J Kochman, Elie G Hantouche, Paolo Ferrari, S Lancrenon, D Bayart, and Hagop S Akiskal. 2005. Cyclothymic temperament as a prospective predictor of bipolarity and suicidality in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. Journal of affective disorders 85, 1-2 (2005), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2003.09.009
Ana Carolina ES Lima and Leandro Nunes de Castro. 2019. TECLA: A temperament and psychological type prediction framework from Twitter data. Plos one 14, 3 (2019), e0212844. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212844
Katerina Lup, Leora Trub, and Lisa Rosenthal. 2015. Instagram# instasad?: exploring associations among instagram use, depressive symptoms, negative social comparison, and strangers followed. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 18, 5 (2015), 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033111
Elizabeth M McCarroll, Eric W Lindsey, Carol MacKinnon-Lewis, Jessica Campbell Chambers, and James M Frabutt. 2009. Health status and peer relationships in early adolescence: The role of peer contact, self-esteem, and social anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies 18, 4 (2009), 473–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9251-9
Roy L Payne and Cary Cooper. 2003. Emotions at work: Theory, research and applications for management. John Wiley & Sons.
Matheus Adler Soares Pinto, Antonio Fernando Lavareda Jacob Junior, Antonio José G Busson, and Sérgio Colcher. 2020. Relacionando modelagem de tópicos e classificação de sentimentos para análise de mensagens do twitter durante a pandemia da covid-19. In Anais Estendidos do XXVI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web. SBC, 61–64. https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2020.13064
Barbara Plank and Dirk Hovy. 2015. Personality traits on twitter—or—how to get 1,500 personality tests in a week. In Proceedings of the 6th workshop on computational approaches to subjectivity, sentiment and social media analysis. 92–98.
Ivanka Prichard, Eliza Kavanagh, Kate E Mulgrew, Megan SC Lim, and Marika Tiggemann. 2020. The effect of Instagram# fitspiration images on young women’s mood, body image, and exercise behaviour. Body Image 33 (2020), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.002
Alexander B. Swan Randy Stein. 2019. Evaluating the validity of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator theory: A teaching tool and window into intuitive psychology. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 13 (2019). Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12434
Renata Lopes Rosa. 2015. Análise de sentimentos e afetividade de textos extraídos das redes sociais. Ph.D. Dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo.
Mary K Rothbart, Stephan A Ahadi, and David E Evans. 2000. Temperament and personality: origins and outcomes. Journal of personality and social psychology 78, 1 (2000), 122. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.122
Ben Verhoeven, Walter Daelemans, and Barbara Plank. 2016. Twisty: a multilingual twitter stylometry corpus for gender and personality profiling. In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016)/Calzolari, Nicoletta [edit.]; et al. 1–6.
Christian Weismayer, Ulrich Gunter, and Irem Önder. 2021. Temporal variability of emotions in social media posts. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 167 (2021), 120699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120699
Erica Woodruff, Larissa T Genaro, Jesus Landeira-Fernandez, Elie Cheniaux, Jerson Laks, Girardin Jean-Louis, Antônio E Nardi, Márcio C Versiani, Hagop S Akiskal, and Mauro V Mendlowicz. 2011. Validation of the Brazilian brief version of the temperament auto-questionnaire TEMPS-A: the brief TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro. Journal of affective disorders 134, 1-3 (2011), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.02.005
Chia-chen Yang and Angela Robinson. 2018. Not necessarily detrimental: Two social comparison orientations and their associations with social media use and college social adjustment. Computers in human behavior 84 (2018), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.020
Lu Yin, Tian-He Song, Yan-Yan Wei, Li-Gang Zhang, Shuang-Jiang Zhou, Jian-Jin Yu, Li-Ye Zhang, Hong-Juan Li, and Jing-Xu Chen. 2022. Relationship between affective temperaments and suicide risk in patients with first-onset major depressive disorder. Frontiers in psychiatry 13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893195
Ming Zhan, Ruibo Tu, and Qin Yu. 2018. Understanding readers: Conducting sentiment analysis of Instagram captions. In Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1145/3297156.3297270
Muhammad Zidny Naf’an, Alhamda Bimantara, Afiatari Larasati, Ezar Risondang, and Novanda Nugraha. 2019. Sentiment Analysis of Cyberbullying on Instagram User Comments. Journal of Data Science and Its Applications 2 (04 2019), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.21108/jdsa.2019.2.20
Publicado
07/11/2022
Como Citar
MARTINS, Lara Mondini; ALCANTARA, Cássio De; BARIONI, Maria Camila Nardini; OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Luiz Carlos De; FARIA, Elaine Ribeiro.
A method for analysis of human temperament in contrast to social network data. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS MULTIMÍDIA E WEB (WEBMEDIA), 28. , 2022, Curitiba.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2022
.
p. 19-27.
