On the Symmetrical Encryption Overhead in Internet of Things: A Quantitative Comparison between MQTT and CoAP Protocols
Abstract
The Internet of Things has become a reality both for industry and people’s daily life. The messages transmitted through the network may carry confidential data about individuals, companies, and governments. However, the choice of cryptographic mechanisms to protect data must consider the availability of the resources to avoid devices' overhead. In this work, we present an assessment of different symmetric cryptography mechanisms to provide confidentiality to the messages of MQTT and CoAP protocols. Metrics as energy consumption and response time are analyzed. Practical experiments reveal that the mechanism choice implies in saving up to 32.29% in energy consumption and reducing 41.60% in CPU usage.
Keywords:
Internet of Things, MQTT, CoAP, Symmetrical Encryption Overhead, Comparison
References
Abbas, A., Khan, S., and Zomaya, A. (2020). Fog Computing: Theory and Practice. Wiley Series on Parallel and Distrib. Comp. Wiley.
Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., and Ayyash, M. (2015). Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications. IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., 17(4):2347–2376.
Ashton, K. et al. (2009). That ‘Internet of things’ thing. RFID Journal, 22(7):97–114.
Borgiani, V., Moratori, P., Kazienko, J. F., Tubino, E. R. R., and Quincozes, S. E. (2021). Toward a Distributed Approach for Detection and Mitigation of Denial-of-Service Attacks Within Industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(6):4569–4578.
Bideh, P. N., Sonnerup, J., and Hell, M. (2020). Energy consumption for securing lightweight IoT protocols. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on the Internet of Things, pages 1–8.
Cosmi, A. B. and Mota, V. F. (2019). Uma Analise dos Protocolos de Comunicação para Internet das Coisas. In III Workshop de Computação Urbana, pages 153–166.
De Caro, N., Colitti, W., Steenhaut, K., Mangino, G., and Reali, G. (2013). Comparison of two lightweight protocols for smartphone-based sensing. In 20th IEEE Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technology in the Benelux (SCVT), pages 1–6. IEEE.
Durante, G., Beccaro, W., and Peres, H. E. (2018). IoT Protocols Comparison for Wireless Sensors Network Applied to Marine Environment Acoustic Monitoring. IEEE Latin America Trans., 16(11):2673–2679.
Kothmayr, T., Schmitt, C., Hu, W., Brunig, M., and Carle, G. (2013). DTLS based security and two-way authentication for the Internet of Things. Ad Hoc Networks, 11(8):2710–2723.
Kumar, P. and Geetha, G. (2019). Web-cloud architecture levels and optimized MQTT and COAP protocol suites for web of things. Concurrency and Computation: Practic. and Exper., 31(12):e4867.
Moraes, T., Nogueira, B., Lira, V., and Tavares, E. (2019). Performance Comparison of IoT Communication Protocols. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pages 3249–3254.
Naik, N. (2017). Choice of Effective Messaging Protocols for IoT Systems: MQTT, CoAP, AMQP and HTTP. In IEEE International Systems Engineering Symposium, pages 1–7.
Quincozes, S., Emilio, T., and Kazienko, J. (2019). MQTT Protocol: Fundamentals, Tools and Future Directions. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 17(9):1439–1448.
Shelby, Z., Klaus, H., and Bormann, C. (2014). The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). RFC 7252.
Singh, S., Sharma, P. K., Moon, S. Y., and Park, J. H. (2017). Advanced lightweight encryption algorithms for IoT devices: survey, challenges and solutions. Jrnl. of Amb. Intel. and Human. Comp., pages 1–18.
Surendran, S., Nassef, A., and Beheshti, B. D. (2018). A survey of Cryptographic Algorithms for IoT Devices. In 2018 IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference, pages 1–8.
Tiburski, R. T., Amaral, L. A., de Matos, E., de Azevedo, D. F., and Hessel, F. (2017). Evaluating the Use of TLS and DTLS Protocols in IoT Middleware Systems Applied to E-health. In 14th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference, pages 480–485.
Williams, P., Dutta, I., Daoudm, H., and Bayoumi, M. (2020). Security Aspects of Internet of Things – A Survey. In 6th IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, pages 1–6.
Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., and Ayyash, M. (2015). Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications. IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., 17(4):2347–2376.
Ashton, K. et al. (2009). That ‘Internet of things’ thing. RFID Journal, 22(7):97–114.
Borgiani, V., Moratori, P., Kazienko, J. F., Tubino, E. R. R., and Quincozes, S. E. (2021). Toward a Distributed Approach for Detection and Mitigation of Denial-of-Service Attacks Within Industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(6):4569–4578.
Bideh, P. N., Sonnerup, J., and Hell, M. (2020). Energy consumption for securing lightweight IoT protocols. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on the Internet of Things, pages 1–8.
Cosmi, A. B. and Mota, V. F. (2019). Uma Analise dos Protocolos de Comunicação para Internet das Coisas. In III Workshop de Computação Urbana, pages 153–166.
De Caro, N., Colitti, W., Steenhaut, K., Mangino, G., and Reali, G. (2013). Comparison of two lightweight protocols for smartphone-based sensing. In 20th IEEE Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technology in the Benelux (SCVT), pages 1–6. IEEE.
Durante, G., Beccaro, W., and Peres, H. E. (2018). IoT Protocols Comparison for Wireless Sensors Network Applied to Marine Environment Acoustic Monitoring. IEEE Latin America Trans., 16(11):2673–2679.
Kothmayr, T., Schmitt, C., Hu, W., Brunig, M., and Carle, G. (2013). DTLS based security and two-way authentication for the Internet of Things. Ad Hoc Networks, 11(8):2710–2723.
Kumar, P. and Geetha, G. (2019). Web-cloud architecture levels and optimized MQTT and COAP protocol suites for web of things. Concurrency and Computation: Practic. and Exper., 31(12):e4867.
Moraes, T., Nogueira, B., Lira, V., and Tavares, E. (2019). Performance Comparison of IoT Communication Protocols. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pages 3249–3254.
Naik, N. (2017). Choice of Effective Messaging Protocols for IoT Systems: MQTT, CoAP, AMQP and HTTP. In IEEE International Systems Engineering Symposium, pages 1–7.
Quincozes, S., Emilio, T., and Kazienko, J. (2019). MQTT Protocol: Fundamentals, Tools and Future Directions. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 17(9):1439–1448.
Shelby, Z., Klaus, H., and Bormann, C. (2014). The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). RFC 7252.
Singh, S., Sharma, P. K., Moon, S. Y., and Park, J. H. (2017). Advanced lightweight encryption algorithms for IoT devices: survey, challenges and solutions. Jrnl. of Amb. Intel. and Human. Comp., pages 1–18.
Surendran, S., Nassef, A., and Beheshti, B. D. (2018). A survey of Cryptographic Algorithms for IoT Devices. In 2018 IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference, pages 1–8.
Tiburski, R. T., Amaral, L. A., de Matos, E., de Azevedo, D. F., and Hessel, F. (2017). Evaluating the Use of TLS and DTLS Protocols in IoT Middleware Systems Applied to E-health. In 14th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference, pages 480–485.
Williams, P., Dutta, I., Daoudm, H., and Bayoumi, M. (2020). Security Aspects of Internet of Things – A Survey. In 6th IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, pages 1–6.
Published
2021-07-18
How to Cite
QUINCOZES, Vagner E.; QUINCOZES, Silvio E.; KAZIENKO, Juliano F..
On the Symmetrical Encryption Overhead in Internet of Things: A Quantitative Comparison between MQTT and CoAP Protocols. In: WORKSHOP ON PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (WPERFORMANCE), 20. , 2021, Evento Online.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2021
.
p. 13-24.
ISSN 2595-6167.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wperformance.2021.15719.
