Ajuste Dinâmico do Tráfego de Gerenciamento em Redes 802.11 Infraestruturadas com Baixa Mobilidade
Resumo
Nos últimos anos as redes sem fio vêm sendo utilizadas de forma mais ampla e seu monitoramento revela que ainda existem deficiências chaves na implementação do protocolo 802.11 que podem ser alteradas para melhorar a eficiência e o desempenho de ponta a ponta. Nessas redes, em que o meio é compartilhado, o tráfego de gerenciamento é um elemento essencial que entre outras funções permite manter a conectividade e promover qualidade do serviço. Entretanto, no caso em que as redes apresentam baixa mobilidade, as frequentes transmissões de quadros do tipo beacon pelos pontos de acesso causam uma sobrecarga nos canais que pode ser caracterizada como tráfego desnecessário, que aumenta linearmente a cada ponto de acesso adicional. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma proposta de alteração no protocolo 802.11 para dar suporte ao ajuste dinâmico do intervalo entre transmissões de quadros do tipo beacon, com o objetivo de aumentar a eficiência da rede. A proposta se baseia na observação de certos padrões de movimentação geográfica das estações que compartilhem o mesmo canal, sendo estes padrões incomuns em redes de baixa mobilidade e que podem indicar que estações se associarão ou dissociarão de um ponto de acesso em um futuro próximo. Os resultados de simulações mostram que o ajuste dinâmico pode ser eficaz e aumentar a vazão da rede em ambientes com estações de baixa mobilidade.
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Sati, S. and Graf, K. (2015). Adapting the beacon interval for opportunistic network communications. In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE.
Schauer, L., Dorfmeister, F., and Maier, M. (2013). Potentials and limitations of WIFIIn International Conference on Indoor Positioning positioning using time-of-ight. and Indoor Navigation. IEEE.
Vasisht, D., Kumar, S., and Katabi, D. (2016). Decimeter-level localization with a single wi access point. In Proceedings of the 13th Usenix Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI’16, pages 165–178, Berkeley, CA, USA. USENIX Association.
Wu, H., Peng, Y., Long, K., Cheng, S., and Ma, J. Performance of reliable transport protocol over IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN: analysis and enhancement. In Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE.
Xie, Y., Luo, X., and Chang, R. K. C. (2009). Centralized PSM: An AP-centric power saving mode for 802.11 infrastructure networks. In 2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. IEEE.
Zhou, H., Li, B., Yan, Z., and Yang, M. (2016). A channel bonding based QoS-aware OFDMA MAC protocol for the next generation WLAN. Mobile Networks and Applications, 22(1):19–29.
Bellalta, B. (2016). IEEE 802.11ax: High-efciency WLANS. IEEE Wireless Communications, 23(1):38–46.
Bento, T. F. (2011). Um estudo das propriedades do tráfego em redes sem o e seu impacto na avaliação de desempenho. Master’s thesis, Universidade de Brasília.
Chatzimisios, A. C. B. P. Optimisation of RTS/CTS handshake in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs for maximum performance. In IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference Workshops, 2004. GlobeCom Workshops 2004. IEEE.
Chien, S. F., Liu, H., Low, A. L. Y., Maciocco, C., and Ho, Y. L. (2008). Smart predictive trigger for effective handover in wireless networks. In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE.
Duda, A. (2008). Understanding the performance of 802.11 networks. In 2008 IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. IEEE.
Gilani, M. H. S., Sarra, I., and Abbaspour, M. (2013). An adaptive CSMA/TDMA hybrid MAC for energy and throughput improvement of wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 11(4):1297–1304.
He, S. and Chan, S.-H. G. (2016). Wi- ngerprint-based indoor positioning: Recent advances and comparisons. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(1):466– 490.
Hess, A., Hyytia, E., and Ott, J. (2014). Efcient neighbor discovery in mobile opportunistic networking using mobility awareness. In 2014 Sixth International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS). IEEE.
IEEE. IEEE standard for information technology–telecommunications and information exchange between systems local and metropolitan area networks–specic requirements part 11: Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specications.
Jun, J., Peddabachagari, P., and Sichitiu, M. Theoretical maximum throughput of IEEE In Second IEEE International Symposium on Network 802.11 and its applications. Computing and Applications, 2003. NCA 2003. IEEE Comput. Soc.
Kellogg, B., Talla, V., Gollakota, S., and Smith, J. R. (2016). Passive wi-: Bringing low power to wi- transmissions. In Proceedings of the 13th Usenix Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI’16, pages 151–164, Berkeley, CA, USA. USENIX Association.
Khan, M. and Han, K. (2014). An optimized network selection and handover triggering scheme for heterogeneous self-organized wireless networks. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014:1–11.
Khorov, E., Lyakhov, A., Krotov, A., and Guschin, A. (2015). A survey on IEEE 802.11ah: An enabling networking technology for smart cities. Computer Communications, 58:53–69.
Kwak, J., Lee, H., and Lee, K. A study on the airtime occupied by beacon frame in 802.11 hotspot environment.
Lui, G., Gallagher, T., Li, B., Dempster, A. G., and Rizos, C. (2011). Differences in RSSI readings made by different wi- chipsets: A limitation of WLAN localization. In 2011 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS). IEEE.
Naeem, B. and Nyamapfene, A. (2011). Seamless vertical handover in wi and wimax networks using rss and motion detection: An investigation. 12.
Nath, S., Anderson, Z., and Seshan, S. (2004). Choosing beacon periods to improve response times for wireless HTTP clients. In Proceedings of the second international workshop on Mobility management & wireless access protocols MobiWac ’04. ACM Press.
Parameswaran, A. T., Husain, M. I., Upadhyaya, S., et al. Is rssi a reliable parameter in sensor localization algorithms: An experimental study.
Peng, G., Zhou, G., Nguyen, D. T., Qi, X., and Lin, S. (2016). HIDE: AP-assisted broadcast trafc management to save smartphone energy. In 2016 IEEE 36th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE.
Postel, J. (1983). Echo protocol. Technical report.
Raghavendra, R., Belding, E. M., Papagiannaki, K., and Almeroth, K. C. (2010). Unwanted link layer trafc in large IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 9(9):1212–1225.
Rajagopal, S. (2014). Power efciency: The next challenge for multi-gigabit-per-second wi-. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(11):40–45.
Ren, Y., Salim, F. D., Tomko, M., Bai, Y. B., Chan, J., Qin, K. K., and Sanderson, M. (2017). D-log: A WiFi log-based differential scheme for enhanced indoor localization with single RSSI source and infrequent sampling rate. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 37:94–114.
Rodrig, M., Reis, C., Mahajan, R., Wetherall, D., and Zahorjan, J. MeasurementIn Proceeding of the 2005 based characterization of 802.11 in a hotspot setting. ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis E-WIND ’05, year = 2005, publisher = ACM Press, doi = 10.1145/1080148.1080150,.
Sanabria-Russo, L., Barcelo, J., Bellalta, B., and Gringoli, F. (2017). A high efciency MAC protocol for WLANs: Providing fairness in dense scenarios. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 25(1):492–505.
Sanabria-Russo, L., Faridi, A., Bellalta, B., Barcelo, J., and Oliver, M. (2013). Future evolution of CSMA protocols for the IEEE 802.11 standard. In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC). IEEE.
Sati, S. and Graf, K. (2015). Adapting the beacon interval for opportunistic network communications. In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE.
Schauer, L., Dorfmeister, F., and Maier, M. (2013). Potentials and limitations of WIFIIn International Conference on Indoor Positioning positioning using time-of-ight. and Indoor Navigation. IEEE.
Vasisht, D., Kumar, S., and Katabi, D. (2016). Decimeter-level localization with a single wi access point. In Proceedings of the 13th Usenix Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI’16, pages 165–178, Berkeley, CA, USA. USENIX Association.
Wu, H., Peng, Y., Long, K., Cheng, S., and Ma, J. Performance of reliable transport protocol over IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN: analysis and enhancement. In Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE.
Xie, Y., Luo, X., and Chang, R. K. C. (2009). Centralized PSM: An AP-centric power saving mode for 802.11 infrastructure networks. In 2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. IEEE.
Zhou, H., Li, B., Yan, Z., and Yang, M. (2016). A channel bonding based QoS-aware OFDMA MAC protocol for the next generation WLAN. Mobile Networks and Applications, 22(1):19–29.
Publicado
10/05/2018
Como Citar
FERREIRA, Gabriel de Carvalho; BARRETO, Priscila Solis; ALCHIERI, Eduardo.
Ajuste Dinâmico do Tráfego de Gerenciamento em Redes 802.11 Infraestruturadas com Baixa Mobilidade. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 36. , 2018, Campos do Jordão.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2018
.
p. 1257-1270.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2018.2492.