Ethical Dilemmas for Cybersecurity and the Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Resumo
O uso de inteligência artificial (IA) tem se expandido rapidamente, ampliando as capacidades de análise de grandes volumes de dados e identificação de padrões. Paralelamente, essa expansão intensificou preocupações éticas e regulatórias relacionadas à tomada de decisões automatizadas, à responsabilização, à transparência, aos vieses algorítmicos e à proteção de direitos fundamentais. Este artigo apresenta reflexões derivadas do workshop “Ethical Dilemmas for Cybersecurity and the Impact of Artificial Intelligence,” que abordou a interseção entre IA, cibersegurança e ética sob uma perspectiva multidisciplinar. O evento contou com painéis temáticos e discussões práticas em grupo sobre dilemas éticos associados ao uso de IA. A partir da sistematização dessas discussões, o artigo identifica desafios centrais e necessidades de governança, destacando a importância de abordagens responsáveis, transparentes e inclusivas no desenvolvimento e na aplicação dessas tecnologias.
Referências
BRASIL (2025). Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública. Portaria nº 961, de 2025. Regulamenta o uso de inteligência artificial por órgãos de segurança pública.
CATH, C. (2018). Governing Artificial Intelligence: Ethical, Legal and Technical Opportunities and Challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2019). Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. Brussels: European Commission, 2019. Available at: [link]. Accessed on: 20 dec. 2025.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonized rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act and amending certain Union legislative acts (2024). Official Journal of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2024.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR). Official Journal of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2016.
FLORIDI, L.; COWLS, J. (2019). A Unified Framework of Five Principles for AI in Society. Harvard Data Science Review.
FOGLIATO, E.; BARAVALLE, A. (2025) "Regulatory Frameworks and Governance Models for AI-Enabled Healthcare PaaS: A Gap Analysis and Future Directions". Manchester University, UK. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026 G.-N.
NGUYEN, G.-N.; SWAROOP, A.; SHUKLA, P. (ed.). Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computing and Communication Networks (ICCCN 2025). Cham: Springer, 2026. (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, v. 1835). p. 1–9. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-18211-1_28
LARSSON, S. & HEINTZz, F. (2020). Transparency in artificial intelligence. Internet Policy Review, 9(2). DOI: 10.14763/2020.2.1469.
MIN, Alfonso (2023). Artificial Intelligence and Bias: Challenges, Implications, and Remedies. Journal of Social Research, v. 2, n. 11, 05 out. 2023. DOI: 10.55324/josr.v2i11.1477.
MITTELSTADT, Brent. Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI. Nature Machine Intelligence, [S. l.], v. 1, n. 11, p. 501–507, 2019. DOI: 10.1038/s42256-019-0114-4.
NOVELLI, C., TADDEO, M. & FLORIDI, L (2024). Accountability in artificial intelligence: what it is and how it works. AI & Soc 39, 1871–1882. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01635-y.
QANDEEL M (2024) Facial recognition technology: regulations, rights and the rule of law. Front. Big Data 7:1354659. DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2024.1354659.
RIBEIRO, Marco Tulio; SINGH, Sameer; GUESTRIN, Carlos. “Why Should I Trust You? Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier.” In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD). New York: ACM, 2016. p. 1135–1144.
ROCHA, Alexandre Pereira da. O uso da inteligência artificial na atividade policial: entre possibilidades e riscos. Fonte Segura, Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública, 27 ago. 2025. Available at: [link]. Accessed: Feb. 2026.
SHANAHAN, Murray. The Technological Singularity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015.
UNESCO (2021). Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Paris: UNESCO.
WACHTER, Sandra; MITTELSTADT, Brent; RUSSELL, Chris. Why fairness cannot be automated: bridging the gap between EU non-discrimination law and AI. Computer Law & Security Review, [S. l.], v. 41, p. 105567, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105567.
ZAVRŠNIK, A. Criminal justice, artificial intelligence systems, and human rights. ERA Forum 20, 567–583 (2020). DOI: 10.1007/s12027-020-00602-0
ZUBOFF, Shoshana. The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.
CATH, C. (2018). Governing Artificial Intelligence: Ethical, Legal and Technical Opportunities and Challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2019). Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. Brussels: European Commission, 2019. Available at: [link]. Accessed on: 20 dec. 2025.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonized rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act and amending certain Union legislative acts (2024). Official Journal of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2024.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR). Official Journal of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2016.
FLORIDI, L.; COWLS, J. (2019). A Unified Framework of Five Principles for AI in Society. Harvard Data Science Review.
FOGLIATO, E.; BARAVALLE, A. (2025) "Regulatory Frameworks and Governance Models for AI-Enabled Healthcare PaaS: A Gap Analysis and Future Directions". Manchester University, UK. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026 G.-N.
NGUYEN, G.-N.; SWAROOP, A.; SHUKLA, P. (ed.). Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computing and Communication Networks (ICCCN 2025). Cham: Springer, 2026. (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, v. 1835). p. 1–9. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-18211-1_28
LARSSON, S. & HEINTZz, F. (2020). Transparency in artificial intelligence. Internet Policy Review, 9(2). DOI: 10.14763/2020.2.1469.
MIN, Alfonso (2023). Artificial Intelligence and Bias: Challenges, Implications, and Remedies. Journal of Social Research, v. 2, n. 11, 05 out. 2023. DOI: 10.55324/josr.v2i11.1477.
MITTELSTADT, Brent. Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI. Nature Machine Intelligence, [S. l.], v. 1, n. 11, p. 501–507, 2019. DOI: 10.1038/s42256-019-0114-4.
NOVELLI, C., TADDEO, M. & FLORIDI, L (2024). Accountability in artificial intelligence: what it is and how it works. AI & Soc 39, 1871–1882. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-023-01635-y.
QANDEEL M (2024) Facial recognition technology: regulations, rights and the rule of law. Front. Big Data 7:1354659. DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2024.1354659.
RIBEIRO, Marco Tulio; SINGH, Sameer; GUESTRIN, Carlos. “Why Should I Trust You? Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier.” In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD). New York: ACM, 2016. p. 1135–1144.
ROCHA, Alexandre Pereira da. O uso da inteligência artificial na atividade policial: entre possibilidades e riscos. Fonte Segura, Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública, 27 ago. 2025. Available at: [link]. Accessed: Feb. 2026.
SHANAHAN, Murray. The Technological Singularity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015.
UNESCO (2021). Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Paris: UNESCO.
WACHTER, Sandra; MITTELSTADT, Brent; RUSSELL, Chris. Why fairness cannot be automated: bridging the gap between EU non-discrimination law and AI. Computer Law & Security Review, [S. l.], v. 41, p. 105567, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105567.
ZAVRŠNIK, A. Criminal justice, artificial intelligence systems, and human rights. ERA Forum 20, 567–583 (2020). DOI: 10.1007/s12027-020-00602-0
ZUBOFF, Shoshana. The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.
Publicado
01/09/2025
Como Citar
BARAVALLE, Adriana; BRAGA, Alexandre Melo; MORESI, Alejandro; SANTIN, Altair Olivo; BARROSO, María Eugenia; SANTOS, Kerlly dos; SINNER, Rudolf von; AGÜERO, Walter.
Ethical Dilemmas for Cybersecurity and the Impact of Artificial Intelligence. In: WORKSHOP DE ÉTICA EM CIBERSEGURANÇA - SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE CIBERSEGURANÇA (SBSEG), 25. , 2025, Foz do Iguaçu/PR.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 499-512.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbseg_estendido.2025.41960.
