Um Framework para Prototipagem e Simulação de Detectores de Defeitos na Construção de Sistemas de Tempo Real
Resumo
Sistemas modernos de controle e supervisão (S&C, Supervision and Control Systems) são caracterizados pela utilização de componentes de prateleira (COTS, Commercial off-the-shelf), como redes e sistemas operacionais, os quais otimizam custo e reutilização, mas podem comprometer a confiabilidade. Assim, verificar mecanismos adequados de confiabilidade para esses ambientes tem sido alvo de estudo. Neste artigo, é descrito um framework para prototipagem e teste de detectores de defeitos sobre S&C, que permite não só implementar e simular diferentes estratégias de detecção existentes na literatura, mas também propor novas estratégias, ou mesmo conceber composições de estratégias, de modo a atingir a qualidade de serviço de detecção desejada no ambiente simulado.
Referências
Aguilera, M. K., Chen, W., and Toueg, S. (1997). Heartbeat: A timeout-free failure detector for quiescent reliable communication. In Mavronicolas, M. and Tsigas, P., editors, Proc. of the 11th Intern. Workshop on Distributed Algorithms, volume 1320 of LNCS, pages 126–140. Springer-Verlag, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Andrade, S. and Macêdo, R. (2005). A component-based real-time architecture for distributed supervision and control applications. In 10th IEEE Intern. Conf. on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, volume I, pages 19–22, Italy. ETFA2005.
Bertier, M., Marin, O., and Sens, P. (2003). Performance analysis of hierarchical failure detector. In Proc. Of The Intern. Conf. On Dependable Systems And Networks, pages 635–644, San-francisco,Usa. IEEE Society Press.
Branicky, M., Liberatore, V., and Phillips, S. (2003). Networked control system co-simulation for co-design. Proc. of the 2003 American Control Conf., 4.
Chen, W., Toueg, S., and Aguilera, M. K. (2002). On the quality of service of failure detectores. IEEE Trans. On Computer, 51(2):561–580.
Elks, C. R., Dugan, J. B., and Johnson, B. W. (2000). Reliability analysis of hard real-time systems in the presence of controller malfunctions. In Proc. of the XVIII Reliability and Maintainability Symp., pages 58–64, Los Angeles, CA. IEEE Computer Society Press.
Falai, L. and Bondavalli, A. (2005). Experimental evaluation of the qos failure detectors on wide area network. In Intern. Conf. On Dependable Systems And Networks.
Felber, P. (1998). The corba object group service : a service approach to object groups in corba. Tese de doutorado em informática, Département D’Informatique, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne.
Henriksson, D. and Cervin, A. (2003). Truetime 1.13 - reference manual. Tech. Report Isrn Lutfd2/Tfrt--7605--se, Dep. Of Automatic Control, Lund Institute Of Technology.
Jacobson, V. (1988). Congestion avoidance and control. ACM Computer Comm. Review; Proc. Of The Sigcomm ’88 Symp. In Stanford, Ca, August, 1988, 18, 4:314–329.
Jalote, P. (1994). Fault Tolerance In Distributed Systems. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Kim, H. and Shin, K. G. (1994). On the maximum feedback delay in a linear/nonlinear control system with input disturbances caused by controller-computer failures. IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, 2(2):110–122.
Lian, F., Moyne, J. R., and Tilbury, D. M. (2001). Performance evaluation of control networks: ethernet, controlnet, and devicenet. IEEE Control Systems Mag., 21:66–93.
Lincoln, B. and Cervin, A. (2002). JITTERBUG: a tool for analysis of real-time control performance. Proc. of the 41st IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, 2.
Lynch, N. A. (1996). Distributed Algorithms. M. Kaufmann, San Francisco, California.
Macêdo, R. J. A. and Lima, F. (2004). Improving the quality of service of failure detectors. Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores.
Müller, M. (2004). Performance evaluation of a failure detector using SNMP. Semester project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nunes, R. C. and Jansch-Pôrto, I. (2004). Qos of timeout-based self-tuned failure detectors: the effects of the communication delay predictor and the safety margin. In Intern. Conf. On Dependable Systems And Networks.
Ogata, K. (1990). Modern Control engineering. PH, Englewood Cliffs, 2nd edition.
Piuri, V. (1994). Design of fault-tolerant distributed control systems. IEEE Trans. On Instrumentation and Measurement, 43(2):257–264.
Sá, A. S. (2006). Detectores adaptativos de defeitos para sistemas de controle de tempo real críticos. Mestrado em mecatrônica, Programa de Pós Graduação de Mestrado em Mecatrônica, Departamentos de Engenharia Mecânica e Ciência da Computação, Universidade Federal da Bahia.
Sá, A. S. and Macêdo, R. J. A. (2005). An adaptive failure detection approach for real-time distributed control systems over shared ethernet. In Proc. of 18th Intern. Congress of Mechanical Engineering – Symposium Series in Mechatronics, volume 2, pages 43–50, Ouro Preto, Brazil. COBEM2005.
Schmidt, D. and Fayad, M. (1997). Object-oriented application frameworks. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 40:32–38.
The Mathworks (2002). Matlab:The Language of Technical Computing. The Mathworks Inc., Nantick, USA.
The Mathworks (2004). Simulink Reference:Simulation and Model-Based Design. The Mathworks Inc., Nantick, USA.
Törngren, M. (1998). Fundamentals of implementing real-time control applications in distributed computer systems. Real-Time Systems, 14(3):219–250.
Wittenmark, B. and Törngren, M. (1994). Timing problems in real-time control systems: Problem formulation. Report, Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden.
Andrade, S. and Macêdo, R. (2005). A component-based real-time architecture for distributed supervision and control applications. In 10th IEEE Intern. Conf. on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, volume I, pages 19–22, Italy. ETFA2005.
Bertier, M., Marin, O., and Sens, P. (2003). Performance analysis of hierarchical failure detector. In Proc. Of The Intern. Conf. On Dependable Systems And Networks, pages 635–644, San-francisco,Usa. IEEE Society Press.
Branicky, M., Liberatore, V., and Phillips, S. (2003). Networked control system co-simulation for co-design. Proc. of the 2003 American Control Conf., 4.
Chen, W., Toueg, S., and Aguilera, M. K. (2002). On the quality of service of failure detectores. IEEE Trans. On Computer, 51(2):561–580.
Elks, C. R., Dugan, J. B., and Johnson, B. W. (2000). Reliability analysis of hard real-time systems in the presence of controller malfunctions. In Proc. of the XVIII Reliability and Maintainability Symp., pages 58–64, Los Angeles, CA. IEEE Computer Society Press.
Falai, L. and Bondavalli, A. (2005). Experimental evaluation of the qos failure detectors on wide area network. In Intern. Conf. On Dependable Systems And Networks.
Felber, P. (1998). The corba object group service : a service approach to object groups in corba. Tese de doutorado em informática, Département D’Informatique, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne.
Henriksson, D. and Cervin, A. (2003). Truetime 1.13 - reference manual. Tech. Report Isrn Lutfd2/Tfrt--7605--se, Dep. Of Automatic Control, Lund Institute Of Technology.
Jacobson, V. (1988). Congestion avoidance and control. ACM Computer Comm. Review; Proc. Of The Sigcomm ’88 Symp. In Stanford, Ca, August, 1988, 18, 4:314–329.
Jalote, P. (1994). Fault Tolerance In Distributed Systems. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Kim, H. and Shin, K. G. (1994). On the maximum feedback delay in a linear/nonlinear control system with input disturbances caused by controller-computer failures. IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, 2(2):110–122.
Lian, F., Moyne, J. R., and Tilbury, D. M. (2001). Performance evaluation of control networks: ethernet, controlnet, and devicenet. IEEE Control Systems Mag., 21:66–93.
Lincoln, B. and Cervin, A. (2002). JITTERBUG: a tool for analysis of real-time control performance. Proc. of the 41st IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, 2.
Lynch, N. A. (1996). Distributed Algorithms. M. Kaufmann, San Francisco, California.
Macêdo, R. J. A. and Lima, F. (2004). Improving the quality of service of failure detectors. Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores.
Müller, M. (2004). Performance evaluation of a failure detector using SNMP. Semester project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nunes, R. C. and Jansch-Pôrto, I. (2004). Qos of timeout-based self-tuned failure detectors: the effects of the communication delay predictor and the safety margin. In Intern. Conf. On Dependable Systems And Networks.
Ogata, K. (1990). Modern Control engineering. PH, Englewood Cliffs, 2nd edition.
Piuri, V. (1994). Design of fault-tolerant distributed control systems. IEEE Trans. On Instrumentation and Measurement, 43(2):257–264.
Sá, A. S. (2006). Detectores adaptativos de defeitos para sistemas de controle de tempo real críticos. Mestrado em mecatrônica, Programa de Pós Graduação de Mestrado em Mecatrônica, Departamentos de Engenharia Mecânica e Ciência da Computação, Universidade Federal da Bahia.
Sá, A. S. and Macêdo, R. J. A. (2005). An adaptive failure detection approach for real-time distributed control systems over shared ethernet. In Proc. of 18th Intern. Congress of Mechanical Engineering – Symposium Series in Mechatronics, volume 2, pages 43–50, Ouro Preto, Brazil. COBEM2005.
Schmidt, D. and Fayad, M. (1997). Object-oriented application frameworks. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 40:32–38.
The Mathworks (2002). Matlab:The Language of Technical Computing. The Mathworks Inc., Nantick, USA.
The Mathworks (2004). Simulink Reference:Simulation and Model-Based Design. The Mathworks Inc., Nantick, USA.
Törngren, M. (1998). Fundamentals of implementing real-time control applications in distributed computer systems. Real-Time Systems, 14(3):219–250.
Wittenmark, B. and Törngren, M. (1994). Timing problems in real-time control systems: Problem formulation. Report, Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden.
Publicado
29/05/2007
Como Citar
SÁ, Alirio Santos de; MACÊDO, Raimundo José de Araújo.
Um Framework para Prototipagem e Simulação de Detectores de Defeitos na Construção de Sistemas de Tempo Real. In: WORKSHOP DE TESTES E TOLERÂNCIA A FALHAS (WTF), 8. , 2007, Belém/PA.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2007
.
p. 43-56.
ISSN 2595-2684.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wtf.2007.23238.
