Contratação de Agentes em Grupos de Larga Escala
Resumo
Com o avanço da computação massiva e ubíqua, existe uma necessidade cada vez maior de sistemas que trabalhem com um grande número de agentes. Em especial, ambientes compostos por agentes que não compartilham o mesmo interesse tem recebido cada vez mais atenção. Nesse tipo de ambiente, normalmente um agente deve contratar outros de forma a realizar suas tarefas. Esse artigo propõe um protocolo escalável para a contratação de agentes com interesses próprios em swarms. O protocolo foi testado em simulações onde times de veículos autônomos são contratados para transportar mercadorias. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o protocolo proposto é escalável, racional e justo, sendo adequado para esse tipo de ambiente.Referências
Babanov, A., Collins, J., and Gini, M. (2003). Asking the right question: Risk and expectation in multi-agent contracting. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 17(4):173–186.
Chaimowicz, L., Campos, M., and Kumar, V. (2002). Dynamic role assignment for cooperative robots. The IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pages 293–298.
Collins, J., Ketter, W., Gini, M., and Mobasher, B. (2002). A multi-agent negotiation testbed for contracting tasks with temporal and precedence constraints. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7(1):35–57.
Fischer, K., Müller, J. P., and Pischel, M. (1996). Cooperative transportation scheduling: An application domain for dai. Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence. Special Issue on Intelligent Agents, 10(1):1–33.
Jang, M.-W. and Agha, G. (2004). Dynamic agent allocation for large-scale multi-agent applications. In Proccedings of The International Workshop on Massively Multi-Agent Systems (MMAS’04), pages 19–33.
Konolige, K., Fox, D., Ortiz, C., Agno, A., Eriksen, M., Limketkai, B., Ko, J., Morisset, B., Schulz, D., Stewart, B., and Vincent, R. (2004). Centibots: Very large scale distributed robotic teams. In Proccedings of The International Symposium on Experimental Robotics (ISER).
Kraus, S. (1996). An overview of incentive contracting. Artificial Intelligence, 83(2):297–346.
McElroy, J. (1989). Communication and cooperation in a distributed automatic guided vehicle system. In Proccedings of The IEEE Southeastcon (), pages 999–1003.
Polar, C. J. D. (2007). Um protocolo para contratação de agentes em grupos de larga escala. Dissertação de Mestrado, Departamento de Ciência da Computação Instituto de Ciências Exatas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Sandholm, T. (1999). Distributed rational decision making. Multiagent systems: a modern approach to distributed artificial intelligence, pages 201–258.
Sandholm, T. W. (1993). An implementation of the contract net protocol based on marginal cost calculations. In Proccedings of The National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pages 256–262.
Sandholm, T. W. and Lesser, V. (1995a). Advantages of leveled commitment contracting protocol. In Proccedings of The National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), volume 1, pages 126–133.
Sandholm, T. W. and Lesser, V. R. (1995b). Issues in automated negotiation and electronic commerce: Extending the contract net framework. In Proccedings of The International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS), pages 328–335.
Scerri, P., Farinelli, A., Okamoto, S., and Tambe, M. (2005). Allocating tasks in extreme teams. In Proccedings of The International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pages 727–734.
Scerri, P., Xu, Y., Liao, E., Justin, L., and Sycara, K. (2004). Scaling teamwork to very large teams. In Proccedings of The International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pages 888–895.
Smith, R. (1980). The contract net protocol. IEEE Transactions on Computers, C–29(12).
Xu, Y., Scerri, P., Yu, B., Okamoto, S., Lewis, M., and Sycara, K. (2005). An integrated token-based algorithm for scalable coordination. In Proccedings of The International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pages 407–414.
Chaimowicz, L., Campos, M., and Kumar, V. (2002). Dynamic role assignment for cooperative robots. The IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pages 293–298.
Collins, J., Ketter, W., Gini, M., and Mobasher, B. (2002). A multi-agent negotiation testbed for contracting tasks with temporal and precedence constraints. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7(1):35–57.
Fischer, K., Müller, J. P., and Pischel, M. (1996). Cooperative transportation scheduling: An application domain for dai. Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence. Special Issue on Intelligent Agents, 10(1):1–33.
Jang, M.-W. and Agha, G. (2004). Dynamic agent allocation for large-scale multi-agent applications. In Proccedings of The International Workshop on Massively Multi-Agent Systems (MMAS’04), pages 19–33.
Konolige, K., Fox, D., Ortiz, C., Agno, A., Eriksen, M., Limketkai, B., Ko, J., Morisset, B., Schulz, D., Stewart, B., and Vincent, R. (2004). Centibots: Very large scale distributed robotic teams. In Proccedings of The International Symposium on Experimental Robotics (ISER).
Kraus, S. (1996). An overview of incentive contracting. Artificial Intelligence, 83(2):297–346.
McElroy, J. (1989). Communication and cooperation in a distributed automatic guided vehicle system. In Proccedings of The IEEE Southeastcon (), pages 999–1003.
Polar, C. J. D. (2007). Um protocolo para contratação de agentes em grupos de larga escala. Dissertação de Mestrado, Departamento de Ciência da Computação Instituto de Ciências Exatas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Sandholm, T. (1999). Distributed rational decision making. Multiagent systems: a modern approach to distributed artificial intelligence, pages 201–258.
Sandholm, T. W. (1993). An implementation of the contract net protocol based on marginal cost calculations. In Proccedings of The National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pages 256–262.
Sandholm, T. W. and Lesser, V. (1995a). Advantages of leveled commitment contracting protocol. In Proccedings of The National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), volume 1, pages 126–133.
Sandholm, T. W. and Lesser, V. R. (1995b). Issues in automated negotiation and electronic commerce: Extending the contract net framework. In Proccedings of The International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS), pages 328–335.
Scerri, P., Farinelli, A., Okamoto, S., and Tambe, M. (2005). Allocating tasks in extreme teams. In Proccedings of The International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pages 727–734.
Scerri, P., Xu, Y., Liao, E., Justin, L., and Sycara, K. (2004). Scaling teamwork to very large teams. In Proccedings of The International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pages 888–895.
Smith, R. (1980). The contract net protocol. IEEE Transactions on Computers, C–29(12).
Xu, Y., Scerri, P., Yu, B., Okamoto, S., Lewis, M., and Sycara, K. (2005). An integrated token-based algorithm for scalable coordination. In Proccedings of The International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pages 407–414.
Publicado
30/06/2007
Como Citar
POLAR, Christian J. Delgado; CHAIMOWICZ, Luiz.
Contratação de Agentes em Grupos de Larga Escala. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E COMPUTACIONAL (ENIAC), 6. , 2007, Rio de Janeiro/RJ.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2007
.
p. 1509-1518.
ISSN 2763-9061.
