Uma Investigação Empírica sobre Observabilidade em Sistemas 5G Nativos de Nuvem
Abstract
By replacing sophisticated hardware with software components running on cloud systems, 5G networks provide great flexibility. However, the softwarization of 5G networks imposes considerable challenges to network management, especially in terms of system correctness at runtime. In this context, 5G system behavior must be readily observable. This work presents an empirical investigation on observability in a 5G system composed of the core and access networks. Results show that the combined analysis of metrics and logs improves system observability and facilitates the anticipation of failure occurrences. Our study also demonstrates that, despite being helpful, the log messages generated by the deployed 5G system are poorly structured and often unintelligible.
References
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Esposito, C., Castiglione, A., and Choo, K.-K. R. (2016). Challenges in Delivering Software in the Cloud as Microservices. IEEE Cloud Computing, 3(5):10–14.
Esteves, T., Neves, F., Oliveira, R., and Paulo, J. a. (2021). CAT: Content-Aware Tracing and Analysis for Distributed Systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Middleware Conference, page 223–235. Association for Computing Machinery.
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Kaltenberger, F. et al. (2020). OpenAirInterface: Democratizing innovation in the 5G Era. Computer Networks, 176:107284.
Karumuri, S. et al. (2020). Towards Observability Data Management at Scale. In SIGMOD Record, volume 49.
Larsen, L. M. P., Checko, A., and Christiansen, H. L. (2019). A Survey of the Functional Splits Proposed for 5G Mobile Crosshaul Networks. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 21(1):146–172.
Lee, S., Levanti, K., and Kim, H. S. (2014). Network monitoring: Present and future. Computer Networks, 65:84–98.
Mace, J., Roelke, R., and Fonseca, R. (2015). Pivot Tracing: Dynamic Causal Monitoring for Distributed Systems. page 378–393. Association for Computing Machinery.
Meng, S. and Liu, L. (2013). Enhanced Monitoring-as-a-Service for Effective Cloud Management. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 62(9):1705–1720.
Microsoft (2021). Cloud monitoring guide: Observability. Disponível em: [link]. Acessado em 03/02/2022.
Morais, F. Z. et al. (2021). OPlaceRAN – a Placement Orchestrator for Virtualized Next-Generation of Radio Access Network.
Narayanan, A. et al. (2021). A Variegated Look at 5G in the Wild: Performance, Power, and QoE Implications. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference, page 610–625, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
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Polese, M. et al. (2022). Understanding O-RAN: Architecture, Interfaces, Algorithms, Security, and Research Challenges.
Russ, M. (2019). Chaos Engineering Observability. O’Reilly Media, Inc. Saavedra, A. et al. (2018). WizHaul: On the Centralization Degree of Cloud RAN Next Generation Fronthaul. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 17(10):2452–2466.
Scrocca, M. et al. (2020). The Kaiju Project: Enabling Event-Driven Observability. Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event-Based Systems, pages 84–91.
Sigelman, B. H. et al. (2010). Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure. Technical report, Google, Inc.
Sridharan, C. (2018). Distributed Systems Observability. O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Tan, T.-J. et al. (2020). A Reliable Intelligent Routing Mechanism in 5G Core Networks. Association for Computing Machinery.
3GPP (2020b). Study on New Radio Access Technology; Radio Access Architecture and Interfaces (Release 14). Technical report, 3GPP.
Aceto, G. et al. (2013). Cloud monitoring: A survey. Computer Networks, 57(9):2093–2115.
Agiwal, M., Roy, A., and Saxena, N. (2016). Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 18(3):1617–1655.
Alliance, O. S. (2020a). OpenAirInterface — 5G software alliance for democratising wireless innovation. Disponível em: https://openairinterface.org/. Acessado em 01/02/2022.
Alliance, O. S. (2020b). Openairinterface 5G Wireless Implementation. Disponível em: https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/. Acessado em 01/02/2022.
Balalaie, A., Heydarnoori, A., and Jamshidi, P. (2016). Microservices Architecture Enables DevOps: Migration to a Cloud-Native Architecture. IEEE Software, 33(3):42–52.
Bhanage, D. A., Pawar, A. V., and Kotecha, K. (2021). IT Infrastructure Anomaly Detection and Failure Handling: A Systematic Literature Review Focusing on Datasets, Log Preprocessing, Machine & Deep Learning Approaches and Automated Tool. IEEE Access, 9:156392–156421.
Both, C. B. et al. (2020). Soft5G+: explorando a softwarização nas redes 5G. In Minicursos do XXXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, chapter 3, pages 91–139. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação.
Chen, B. and Jiang, Z. M. J. (2021). A Survey of Software Log Instrumentation. ACM Comput. Surv., 54(4).
CNCF (2022). Cloud native glossary. Disponível em: https://glossary.cncf.io/observability/. Acessado em 03/02/2022.
Contreras, L. M. et al. (2020). Computing at the Edge: But, what Edge? In NOMS 2020 - 2020 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, pages 1–9.
Esposito, C., Castiglione, A., and Choo, K.-K. R. (2016). Challenges in Delivering Software in the Cloud as Microservices. IEEE Cloud Computing, 3(5):10–14.
Esteves, T., Neves, F., Oliveira, R., and Paulo, J. a. (2021). CAT: Content-Aware Tracing and Analysis for Distributed Systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Middleware Conference, page 223–235. Association for Computing Machinery.
Free5GC (2021). Open source 5G core network base on 3GPP R15. Disponível em: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc. Acessado: 01/02/2022.
Google (2022). Google Cloud’s operations suite (formerly Stackdriver). Disponível em: https://cloud.google.com/products/operations. Acessado em 03/02/2022.
John, W. et al. (2017). Meeting the Observability Shallenges for VNFs in 5G Systems. In 2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM), pages 1127–1130.
Kaltenberger, F. et al. (2020). OpenAirInterface: Democratizing innovation in the 5G Era. Computer Networks, 176:107284.
Karumuri, S. et al. (2020). Towards Observability Data Management at Scale. In SIGMOD Record, volume 49.
Larsen, L. M. P., Checko, A., and Christiansen, H. L. (2019). A Survey of the Functional Splits Proposed for 5G Mobile Crosshaul Networks. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 21(1):146–172.
Lee, S., Levanti, K., and Kim, H. S. (2014). Network monitoring: Present and future. Computer Networks, 65:84–98.
Mace, J., Roelke, R., and Fonseca, R. (2015). Pivot Tracing: Dynamic Causal Monitoring for Distributed Systems. page 378–393. Association for Computing Machinery.
Meng, S. and Liu, L. (2013). Enhanced Monitoring-as-a-Service for Effective Cloud Management. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 62(9):1705–1720.
Microsoft (2021). Cloud monitoring guide: Observability. Disponível em: [link]. Acessado em 03/02/2022.
Morais, F. Z. et al. (2021). OPlaceRAN – a Placement Orchestrator for Virtualized Next-Generation of Radio Access Network.
Narayanan, A. et al. (2021). A Variegated Look at 5G in the Wild: Performance, Power, and QoE Implications. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference, page 610–625, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Picoreti, R. et al. (2018). Multilevel Observability in Cloud Orchestration. In 2018 IEEE 16th Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, pages 776–784.
Polese, M. et al. (2022). Understanding O-RAN: Architecture, Interfaces, Algorithms, Security, and Research Challenges.
Russ, M. (2019). Chaos Engineering Observability. O’Reilly Media, Inc. Saavedra, A. et al. (2018). WizHaul: On the Centralization Degree of Cloud RAN Next Generation Fronthaul. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 17(10):2452–2466.
Scrocca, M. et al. (2020). The Kaiju Project: Enabling Event-Driven Observability. Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event-Based Systems, pages 84–91.
Sigelman, B. H. et al. (2010). Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure. Technical report, Google, Inc.
Sridharan, C. (2018). Distributed Systems Observability. O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Tan, T.-J. et al. (2020). A Reliable Intelligent Routing Mechanism in 5G Core Networks. Association for Computing Machinery.
Published
2022-05-23
How to Cite
RODRIGUES, Karlla B. Chaves; BRUNO, Gustavo Zanatta; CARDOSO, Kleber Vieira; CORRÊA, Sand Luz; BOTH, Cristiano.
Uma Investigação Empírica sobre Observabilidade em Sistemas 5G Nativos de Nuvem. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (SBRC), 40. , 2022, Fortaleza.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2022
.
p. 252-265.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2022.222304.
