Avaliação de Desempenho de Blockchains Permissionadas Hyperledger Orientada ao Planejamento de Capacidade de Recursos Computacionais
Resumo
Hyperledger Fabric é uma plataforma para redes blockchains permissionadas que permite o armazenamento e o acesso distribuído a dados de forma segura e auditável para aplicações corporativas. Existe um crescente interesse por aplicações dessa plataforma, mas o seu uso requer a configuração de uma blockchain com diferentes etapas de processamento de requisições. As diversas configurações possíveis impactam nas qualidades não funcionais da plataforma, em especial desempenho e custo. Este artigo propõe um modelo de Rede de Petri Estocástica (SPN) para modelar o desempenho de requisições na plataforma Hyperledger Fabric com variadas parametrizações para blockchain, capacidade de computadores e taxas de requisições. Apresentamos também um estudo de utilização do modelo que serve como uma exemplificação para auxiliar os administradores de redes blockchains permissionadas a adequar suas configurações encontrando o melhor desempenho para aplicações. O modelo permitiu, por exemplo, identificar o tamanho do bloco que leva a um tempo médio de resposta excessivamente alto (variando de 1 a 25 segundos) causado por alto enfileiramento de requisições.Referências
Androulaki, E. and et al. (2018). Hyperledger Fabric: A Distributed Operating System for Permissioned Blockchains. In Proc. of the EuroSys Conference.
Ferreira, L., da Silva Rocha, E., Monteiro, K. H. C., Santos, G. L., Silva, F. A., Kelner, J., Sadok, D., Bastos Filho, C. J., Rosati, P., Lynn, T., et al. (2019). Optimizing resource availability in composable data center infrastructures. In 2019 9th Latin-American Symposium on Dependable Computing (LADC), pages 1-10. IEEE.
Guggenberger, T., Sedlmeir, J., Fridgen, G., and Luckow, A. (2022). An in-depth investigation of the performance characteristics of hyperledger fabric. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 173:108716.
Jain, R. (1990). The art of computer systems performance analysis: techniques for experimental design, measurement, simulation, and modeling. John Wiley & Sons.
Maciel, P., Matos, R., Silva, B., Figueiredo, J., Oliveira, D., Fé, I., Maciel, R., and Dantas, J. (2017). Mercury: Performance and dependability evaluation of systems with exponential, expolynomial, and general distributions. In Proc. of PRDC, pages 50-57. IEEE.
Melo, C., Araujo, J., Dantas, J., Pereira, P., and Maciel, P. (2022). A model-based approach for planning blockchain service provisioning. Computing, 104(2):315-337.
Melo, C., Dantas, J., Pereira, P., and Maciel, P. (2021). Distributed application provisioning over ethereum-based private and permissioned blockchain: availability modeling, capacity, and costs planning. The Journal of Supercomputing, 77(9):9615-9641.
Pinheiro, T., Silva, F. A., Fé, I., Oliveira, D., and Maciel, P. (2019). Performance and resource consumption analysis of elastic systems on public clouds. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), pages 2115-2120. IEEE.
Rodrigues, L., Endo, P. T., and Silva, F. A. (2019). Stochastic model for evaluating smart hospitals performance. In 2019 IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM), pages 1-6. IEEE.
Shahriar, M. A., Bappy, F. H., Hossain, A. F., Saikat, D. D., Ferdous, M. S., Chowdhury, M. J. M., and Bhuiyan, M. Z. A. (2020). Modelling attacks in blockchain systems using petri nets. In Proc. of TrustCom, pages 1069-1078. IEEE.
Silva, F. A., Brito, C., Araújo, G., Fé, I., Tyan, M., Lee, J.-W., Nguyen, T. A., and Maciel, P. R. M. (2022). Model-driven impact quantification of energy resource redundancy and server rejuvenation on the dependability of medical sensor networks in smart hospitals. Sensors, 22(4):1595.
Silva, F. A., Kosta, S., Rodrigues, M., Oliveira, D., Maciel, T., Mei, A., and Maciel, P. (2017). Mobile cloud performance evaluation using stochastic models. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 17(5):1134-1147.
Sousa, J. E. d. A., Oliveira, V., Valadares, J., Dias Goncalves, G., Moraes Villela, S., Soares Bernardino, H., and Borges Vieira, A. (2021). An analysis of the fees and pending time correlation in ethereum. International Journal of Network Management.
Sukhwani, H., Wang, N., Trivedi, K. S., and Rindos, A. (2018). Performance modeling of hyperledger fabric (permissioned blockchain network). In Proc. of NCA, pages 1-8. IEEE.
Thakkar, P., Nathan, S., and Viswanathan, B. (2018). Performance benchmarking and optimizing hyperledger fabric blockchain platform. In Proc. of MASCOTS, pages 264-276. IEEE.
Xu, X., Sun, G., Luo, L., Cao, H., Yu, H., and Vasilakos, A. V. (2021). Latency performance modeling and analysis for hyperledger fabric blockchain network. Information Processing & Management, 58(1):102436.
Yuan, P., Zheng, K., Xiong, X., Zhang, K., and Lei, L. (2020). Performance modeling and analysis of a hyperledger-based system using gspn. Computer Communications, 153:117-124.
Zhou, C., Xing, L., and Liu, Q. (2021). Dependability analysis of bitcoin subject to eclipse attacks. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 6(2):469.
Ferreira, L., da Silva Rocha, E., Monteiro, K. H. C., Santos, G. L., Silva, F. A., Kelner, J., Sadok, D., Bastos Filho, C. J., Rosati, P., Lynn, T., et al. (2019). Optimizing resource availability in composable data center infrastructures. In 2019 9th Latin-American Symposium on Dependable Computing (LADC), pages 1-10. IEEE.
Guggenberger, T., Sedlmeir, J., Fridgen, G., and Luckow, A. (2022). An in-depth investigation of the performance characteristics of hyperledger fabric. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 173:108716.
Jain, R. (1990). The art of computer systems performance analysis: techniques for experimental design, measurement, simulation, and modeling. John Wiley & Sons.
Maciel, P., Matos, R., Silva, B., Figueiredo, J., Oliveira, D., Fé, I., Maciel, R., and Dantas, J. (2017). Mercury: Performance and dependability evaluation of systems with exponential, expolynomial, and general distributions. In Proc. of PRDC, pages 50-57. IEEE.
Melo, C., Araujo, J., Dantas, J., Pereira, P., and Maciel, P. (2022). A model-based approach for planning blockchain service provisioning. Computing, 104(2):315-337.
Melo, C., Dantas, J., Pereira, P., and Maciel, P. (2021). Distributed application provisioning over ethereum-based private and permissioned blockchain: availability modeling, capacity, and costs planning. The Journal of Supercomputing, 77(9):9615-9641.
Pinheiro, T., Silva, F. A., Fé, I., Oliveira, D., and Maciel, P. (2019). Performance and resource consumption analysis of elastic systems on public clouds. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), pages 2115-2120. IEEE.
Rodrigues, L., Endo, P. T., and Silva, F. A. (2019). Stochastic model for evaluating smart hospitals performance. In 2019 IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM), pages 1-6. IEEE.
Shahriar, M. A., Bappy, F. H., Hossain, A. F., Saikat, D. D., Ferdous, M. S., Chowdhury, M. J. M., and Bhuiyan, M. Z. A. (2020). Modelling attacks in blockchain systems using petri nets. In Proc. of TrustCom, pages 1069-1078. IEEE.
Silva, F. A., Brito, C., Araújo, G., Fé, I., Tyan, M., Lee, J.-W., Nguyen, T. A., and Maciel, P. R. M. (2022). Model-driven impact quantification of energy resource redundancy and server rejuvenation on the dependability of medical sensor networks in smart hospitals. Sensors, 22(4):1595.
Silva, F. A., Kosta, S., Rodrigues, M., Oliveira, D., Maciel, T., Mei, A., and Maciel, P. (2017). Mobile cloud performance evaluation using stochastic models. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 17(5):1134-1147.
Sousa, J. E. d. A., Oliveira, V., Valadares, J., Dias Goncalves, G., Moraes Villela, S., Soares Bernardino, H., and Borges Vieira, A. (2021). An analysis of the fees and pending time correlation in ethereum. International Journal of Network Management.
Sukhwani, H., Wang, N., Trivedi, K. S., and Rindos, A. (2018). Performance modeling of hyperledger fabric (permissioned blockchain network). In Proc. of NCA, pages 1-8. IEEE.
Thakkar, P., Nathan, S., and Viswanathan, B. (2018). Performance benchmarking and optimizing hyperledger fabric blockchain platform. In Proc. of MASCOTS, pages 264-276. IEEE.
Xu, X., Sun, G., Luo, L., Cao, H., Yu, H., and Vasilakos, A. V. (2021). Latency performance modeling and analysis for hyperledger fabric blockchain network. Information Processing & Management, 58(1):102436.
Yuan, P., Zheng, K., Xiong, X., Zhang, K., and Lei, L. (2020). Performance modeling and analysis of a hyperledger-based system using gspn. Computer Communications, 153:117-124.
Zhou, C., Xing, L., and Liu, Q. (2021). Dependability analysis of bitcoin subject to eclipse attacks. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 6(2):469.
Publicado
22/05/2023
Como Citar
SILVA, Francisco A.; GONÇALVES, Glauber D.; FÉ, Iure; FEITOSA, Leonel; SOARES, André.
Avaliação de Desempenho de Blockchains Permissionadas Hyperledger Orientada ao Planejamento de Capacidade de Recursos Computacionais. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 41. , 2023, Brasília/DF.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 71-84.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2023.415.
