PRIME: New Hitless Proactive Circuit Reallocation Algorithm to Mitigate Inter-Core Crosstalk Effects in EON-SDM
Abstract
This paper proposes a proactive circuit reallocation algorithm to mitigate inter-core crosstalk in spatially multiplexed elastic optical networks. The algorithm is activated according to the need for reorganization, identified from the continuous monitoring of the occupancy of the network links and cores, with the objective of reducing the overlap between circuits allocated in adjacent cores. Push-pull and fast-switching techniques are employed to avoid interruptions in traffic migration, making the algorithm hitless. Unlike existing approaches, which aim at spectral defragmentation, this proposal focuses directly on the proactive mitigation of inter-core crosstalk. The performance evaluation was based on metrics such as the bandwidth blocking probability, the components of the circuit blocking probability, the average number of reallocation events, and the spectral reallocation latency. The results were compared with those obtained by other algorithms and demonstrated a minimum reduction of 30% in the blocking associated with crosstalk compared to the scenario without reallocation, considering the NSFNET and EON topologies.
References
Chatterjee, B. C. and Oki, E. (2018). Performance of hitless defragmentation scheme in quasi 1+1 path protected elastic optical networks. In 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), pages 1–4.
Cugini, F., Paolucci, F., Meloni, G., Berrettini, G., Secondini, M., Fresi, F., Sambo, N., Poti, L., and Castoldi, P. (2013). Push-pull defragmentation without traffic disruption in flexible grid optical networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31(1):125–133.
Fontinele, A., Santos, I., Noleto Neto, J., Campelo, D. R., and Soares, A. (2017). An efficient ia-rmlsa algorithm for transparent elastic optical networks. Computer Networks, 118:1–14.
Hayashi, T., Taru, T., Shimakawa, O., Sasaki, T., and Sasaoka, E. (2011). Design and fabrication of ultra-low crosstalk and low-loss multi-core fiber. Optics Express, 19(17):16576–16592.
Hu, L., Zhao, Y., Zhu, R., Yu, X., Zhang, J., and Liu, Z. (2017). Crosstalk-aware spectrum defragmentation in space division multiplexing elastic optical networks. In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, page Su3C.6. Optica Publishing Group.
Junior, P. J., Costa, L. R., Drummond, A. C., and Marotta, M. A. (2025). Minimizing unavailability in elastic optical networks: Pre-provisioning and provisioning protection strategy using DLP and DPP. Computer Networks, 257:110928.
Junior, P. S., Marotta, M., Costa, L., and Drummond, A. (2023). Janela de desfragmentação de espectro em redes SDM-EON. In Anais do XLI Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, pages 323–336, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Khantwal, R., Kumar, V., Oki, E., and Chatterjee, B. C. (2023). PDAVXT: Partition-based crosstalk-avoided defragmentation scheme for spectrally-spatially elastic optical networks. In 2023 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), pages 1–4.
Lacerda, J. C., Cartaxo, A. V., and Soares, A. C. (2024). Novel dynamic impairment-aware algorithm for modulation, core, and spectrum assignment in SDM-EONs. Optical Switching and Networking, 51:100763.
Lacerda Junior, J., Fontinele, A., Santos, I., Leão, E., Campelo, D., Monteiro, J. A., and Soares, A. (2020). Algoritmo de balanceamento inter-núcleos para redes ópticas elásticas com multiplexação por divisão espacial. In Anais do XXXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, pages 519–532, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Luo, R., Hua, N., Zheng, X., and Zhou, B. (2018). Fast parallel lightpath re-optimization for space-division multiplexing optical networks based on time synchronization. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 10(1):A8–A19.
Meloni, G., Fresi, F., Imran, M., Paolucci, F., Cugini, F., D’Errico, A., Giorgi, L., Sasaki, T., Castoldi, P., and Pot, L. (2016). Software-defined defragmentation in space-division multiplexing with quasi-hitless fast core switching. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(8):1956–1962.
Trindade, S. and da Fonseca, N. L. (2021). Machine learning for spectrum defragmentation in space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks. IEEE Network, 35(1):326–332.
Yao, Q., Yang, H., Yu, A., and Zhang, J. (2019). Transductive transfer learning-based spectrum optimization for resource reservation in seven-core elastic optical networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 37(16):4164–4172.
Zhang, M., You, C., Jiang, H., and Zhu, Z. (2014). Dynamic and adaptive bandwidth defragmentation in spectrum-sliced elastic optical networks with time-varying traffic. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 32(5):1014–1023.
Zhao, Y., Hu, L., Zhu, R., Yu, X., Li, Y., Wang, W., and Zhang, J. (2019). Crosstalk-aware spectrum defragmentation by re-provisioning advance reservation requests in space division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks with multi-core fiber. Optics Express, 27(4):5014–5032.
Zhao, Y., Hu, L., Zhu, R., Yu, X., Wang, X., and Zhang, J. (2018). Crosstalk-aware spectrum defragmentation based on spectrum compactness in space division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks with multicore fiber. IEEE Access, 6:15346–15355.
Zhao, Y. and Zhang, J. (2016). Crosstalk-aware cross-core virtual concatenation in spatial division multiplexing elastic optical networks. Electronics Letters, 52(20):1701–1703.
Ítalo Brasileiro, Costa, L., and Drummond, A. (2020). A survey on challenges of spatial division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks. Optical Switching and Networking, 38:100584.
