O Paradoxo da Viralização de Informação Criptografada no WhatsApp
Resumo
O WhatsApp é um sistema de comunicação móvel que permite que pessoas interajam através de grupos. Neste trabalho, analisamos adisseminacão de informações dentro de uma rede de grupos que simula a rede do WhatsApp. A rede construída considera dois tipos de grupos: grupos orgânicos, formados por amigos e familiares, e grupos artificiais que, em geral, são criados com o objetivo de ser um meio de divulgação de determinado assunto ou evento, como por exemplo, campanhas políticas. Analisamos a velocidade com que se dá o espalhamento de informação nessa rede considerando o modelo epidemiológico Suscetível-Infectado (SI). Em seguida aprofundamos nossa análise buscando identificar parâmetros que fazem com que esse espalhamento seja parcialmente controlado de forma a dificultar a propagação de notícias falsas nessas redes. Nossos resultados quantificam a capacidade de viralização de um conteúdo no WhatsApp e identificam aspectos que poderiam limitar tal capacidade para evitar que a plataforma seja abusada em períodos eleitorais.
Palavras-chave:
Comunicação Mobile, Aplicativos de Mensagens, Redes Sociais
Referências
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Resende, G., Messias, J., Silva, M., Almeida, J., Vasconcelos, M., and Benevenuto, F. (2018). A System for Monitoring Public Political Groups in WhatsApp. In Proc. of the 24th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web, WebMedia ’18, Salvador, Brazil. ACM.
Ribeiro, F. N., Saha, K., Babaei, M., Henrique, L., Messias, J., Benevenuto, F., Goga, O., Gummadi, K. P., and Redmiles, E. M. (2019). On Microtargeting Socially Divisive Ads: A Case Study of Russia-Linked Ad Campaigns on Facebook. In Proc. of the ACM Conf. on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, FAT*’19, Atlanta, USA.
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Seufert, M., Hoßfeld, T., Schwind, A., Burger, V., and Tran-Gia, P. (2016). Group-based Communication in WhatsApp. In IFIP Networking Conference and Workshops, NETWORKING 2016, Vienna, Austria.
Seufert, M., Schwind, A., Hoßfeld, T., and Tran-Gia, P. (2015). Analysis of Group-Based Communication in WhatsApp. In Proc. of 7th EAI Int’l Conf. on Mobile Networks and Management, MONAMI’15, Santander, Spain.
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Starbird, K., Arif, A., Wilson, T., Van Koevering, K., Yefimova, K., and Scarnecchia, D. (2018). Ecosystem or Echo-System? Exploring Content Sharing across Alternative Media Domains. In Proc. of 12th Int’l Conf. on Web and Social Media, ICWSM’18, Stanford, USA.
Barabási, A.-L. et al. (2016). Network science. Cambridge university press.
Bessi, A. and Ferrara, E. (2016). Social Bots Distort the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Online Discussion. First Monday, 21(11).
Cha, M., Benevenuto, F., Ahn, Y.-Y., and Gummadi, K. P. (2012). Delayed Information Cascades in Flickr: Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling. Computer Networks, 56(3):1066–1076.
Chakrabarti, S., Stengel, L., and Solanki, S. (2018). Duty, Identity, Credibility: ’Fake News’ and the Ordinary Citizen in India. BBC World Service Audiences Research.
Feng, Z., Li, Y., Jin, L., and Feng, L. (2015). A Cluster-Based Epidemic Model for Retweeting Trend Prediction on Micro-blog. In Proc. of 26th Int’l Conf. on Database and Expert Systems Applications, DEXA, Valencia, Spain.
Freitas, C., Benevenuto, F., Ghosh, S., and Veloso, A. (2015). Reverse Engineering Socialbot Infiltration Strategies in Twitter. In Proc. of the 2015 IEEEACM Int’l Conf. on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM ’15.
Garimella, K. and Tyson, G. (2018). Whatapp doc? A first look at whatsapp public group data. In Proc. of 12th Int’l Conf. on Web and Social Media, ICWSM’18, Stanford, USA.
Guha, R., Kumar, R., Raghavan, P., and Tomkins, A. (2004). Propagation of trust and distrust. In Proc. of 13th Int’l Conf. on World Wide Web, WWW’04, New York, USA.
Howard, P. N. and Hussain, M. M. (2011). The Upheavals in Egypt and Tunisia: The Role of Digital Media. Journal of Democracy, 22(3):35–48.
Keeling, M. J. and Eames, K. T. (2005). Networks and Epidemic Models. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 2(4):295–307.
Khurana, P. and Kumar, D. (2018). Sir Model for Fake News Spreading Through Whatsapp. In Proc. of 3rd Int’l Conf. on Internet of Things and Connected Technologies, ICIoTCT, India.
Malka, V., Ariel, Y., and Avidar, R. (2015). Fighting, worrying and sharing: Operation ‘Protective Edge’as the first WhatsApp War. Media, War & Conflict, 8(3):329–344.
McAuley, J. and Leskovec, J. (2012). Image Labeling on a Network: Using Social-Network Metadata for Image Classification. In 12th European Conf. on Computer Vision, ECCV12, Florence, Italy.
Melo, P., Messias, J., Resende, G., Garimella, K., Almeida, J., and Benevenuto, F. (2019). Whatsapp Monitor: A Fact-checking System for WhatsApp. In Proc. of 13th Int’l Conf. on Web and Social Media, ICWSM’19, Munich, Germany.
Mondal, M., Silva, L. A. A., and Benevenuto, F. (2017). A Measurement Study of Hate Speech in Social Media. In Proc. of ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, HT’17, Prague, Czech Republic.
Moreno, A., Garrison, P., and Bhat, K. (2017). Whatsapp for Monitoring and Response During Critical Events: Aggie in the Ghana 2016 Election. In Proc. of 14th Int’l Conf. on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM’17, Albi, France.
Radcliffe, D. and Lam, A. (2018). Social Media in the Middle East: The Story of 2017. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Reis, J. C. S., Correia, A., Murai, F., Veloso, A., and Benevenuto, F. (2019). Supervised Learning for Fake News Detection. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 34(2).
Resende, G., Melo, P., Sousa, H., Messias, J., Vasconcelos, M., Almeida, J., and Benevenuto, F. (2019).
(Mis)Information Dissemination in WhatsApp: Gathering, Analyzing and Countermeasures. In Proc. of the Web Conference, WWW ’19, San Francisco, USA.
Resende, G., Messias, J., Silva, M., Almeida, J., Vasconcelos, M., and Benevenuto, F. (2018). A System for Monitoring Public Political Groups in WhatsApp. In Proc. of the 24th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web, WebMedia ’18, Salvador, Brazil. ACM.
Ribeiro, F. N., Saha, K., Babaei, M., Henrique, L., Messias, J., Benevenuto, F., Goga, O., Gummadi, K. P., and Redmiles, E. M. (2019). On Microtargeting Socially Divisive Ads: A Case Study of Russia-Linked Ad Campaigns on Facebook. In Proc. of the ACM Conf. on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, FAT*’19, Atlanta, USA.
Rosenfeld, A., Sina, S., Sarne, D., Avidov, O., and Kraus, S. (2018). A Study of WhatsApp Usage Patterns and Prediction Models without Message Content. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.03393.
Seufert, M., Hoßfeld, T., Schwind, A., Burger, V., and Tran-Gia, P. (2016). Group-based Communication in WhatsApp. In IFIP Networking Conference and Workshops, NETWORKING 2016, Vienna, Austria.
Seufert, M., Schwind, A., Hoßfeld, T., and Tran-Gia, P. (2015). Analysis of Group-Based Communication in WhatsApp. In Proc. of 7th EAI Int’l Conf. on Mobile Networks and Management, MONAMI’15, Santander, Spain.
Speicher, T., Ali, M., Venkatadri, G., Ribeiro, F. N., Arvanitakis, G., Benevenuto, F., Gummadi, K. P., Loiseau, P., and Mislove, A. (2018). On the Potential for Discrimination in Online Targeted Advertising. In Proc. of the ACM Conf. on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, FAT*’18.
Starbird, K., Arif, A., Wilson, T., Van Koevering, K., Yefimova, K., and Scarnecchia, D. (2018). Ecosystem or Echo-System? Exploring Content Sharing across Alternative Media Domains. In Proc. of 12th Int’l Conf. on Web and Social Media, ICWSM’18, Stanford, USA.
Publicado
06/05/2019
Como Citar
VIEIRA, Carolina Coimbra; MELO, Philipe de Freitas; VAZ DE MELO, Pedro O. S.; BENEVENUTO, Fabricio.
O Paradoxo da Viralização de Informação Criptografada no WhatsApp. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS (SBRC), 37. , 2019, Gramado.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2019
.
p. 403-416.
ISSN 2177-9384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2019.7375.
