A Mapping Review to Understand Web and Mobile Apps Accessibility for Adults with Autism
Resumo
Context: With the rise of the neurodiversity topic, there is a need to investigate the demands of autistic individuals for Information Systems, ensuring a more accessible and user-friendly experience. Problem: Despite existing guidelines for autistic individuals, there is a limited synthesis of findings to identify gaps and best practices, particularly for adults. Solution: This article reviews key guides, frameworks, evaluation tools, recommendations, and design standards that support the development and usability assessment of mobile and web applications for autistic users. Method: This research follows a mapping study approach with a narrative synthesis of 23 research articles. IS theory: This study applies Cognitive Load Theory to analyze usability challenges and evaluate the effectiveness of accessibility guidelines. Results: 23 papers were found within the Guideline for the Accessibility of Web Interfaces with a Focus on Autism (GAIA), covering visual/textual vocabulary, customization, redundant representations, participation, multimedia, and navigability. However, no studies were found in state visibility, recognition, predictability, response to actions, and touchscreen interactions. Barriers were analyzed across cognitive overload, processing, distinguishability, and breaking expectations.Contributions in the Field: We identified nine frameworks for designing and evaluating Information Systems for autistic users, improving usability and accessibility. However, further investigation is needed to assess the effectiveness of these guidelines, as some remain unvalidated.
Palavras-chave:
Neurodiversity, Autism, Accessibility, Mobile Application
Referências
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DSMTF American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association, et al. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Vol. 5. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA.
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Dekel Ben-Yosef, David Anaki, and Ofer Golan. 2017. Context processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: How complex could it be? Autism Research 10, 3 (2017), 520–530.
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Claudia De Los Rios Perez, David A. McMeekin, Marita Falkmer, and Tele Tan. 2017. Holistic Approach for Sustainable Adaptable User Interfaces for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion (Perth, Australia) (WWW ’17 Companion). Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE, 1553–1556.
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Dayanne Gomes, Nathasha Pinto, Aurea Melo, Ivana Maia, Anselmo Paiva, Raimundo Barreto, Davi Viana, and Luis Rivero. 2021. Developing a Set of Design Patterns Specific for the Design of User Interfaces for Autistic Users. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Virtual Event, Brazil) (IHC ’21). ACM, New York, NY, USA.
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Yuska Paola Costa Aguiar, Edith Galy, Anaïs Godde, Maëla Tremáud, and Carole Tardif. 2022. AutismGuide: a usability guidelines to design software solutions for users with autism spectrum disorder. Behaviour and Information Technology 41, 6 (2022), 1132–1150.
Marcus Vinicius Costa Alves, João Gabriel Modesto, Deborah Lima-Rossetti, Juliana Lanini, and Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno. 2017. As dimensões da carga cognitiva e o esforço mental. Revista Brasileira de Psicologia 4, 01 (2017), 2–16.
Mona Alzahrani, Alexandra L. Uitdenbogerd, and Maria Spichkova. 2022. Impact of Animated Objects on Autistic and Non-Autistic Users. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE 44th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) (ICSE-SEIS ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 102–112. DOI: 10.1145/3510458.3513007
DSMTF American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association, et al. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Vol. 5. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA.
Jonathas Antunes, Cristiana Fernandes, De Muylder, Fábio Corrêa, Dárlinton Barbosa, and Feres Carvalho. 2016. Criação de sistema para apoio a gestão do conhecimento em empresa de desenvolvimento de software. Anais do 18º SBSI: Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação (2016), 496–503.
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Dekel Ben-Yosef, David Anaki, and Ofer Golan. 2017. Context processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: How complex could it be? Autism Research 10, 3 (2017), 520–530.
Laura Benton, Asimina Vasalou, Rilla Khaled, Hilary Johnson, and Daniel Gooch. 2014. Diversity for design: a framework for involving neurodiverse children in the technology design process. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 3747–3756.
Vilma Aparecida Bianchi and Jorge Luís Ferreira Abrão. 2023. A construção histórica do Autismo. Brazilian Journal of Health Review 6, 2 (2023), 5260–5277.
Talita Cristina Pagani Britto and Ednaldo Brigante Pizzolato. 2018. GAIA: uma proposta de um guia de recomendações de acessibilidade de interfaces Web com foco em aspectos do Autismo. Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação 26, 02 (2018), 102.
Ben Caldwell, Michael Cooper, Loretta Guarino Reid, Gregg Vanderheiden,Wendy Chisholm, John Slatin, and Jason White. 2008. Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. WWW Consortium (W3C) 290 (2008), 1–34.
João Rafael Chaves De Araujo Silva, Yuska Paola Costa Aguiar, and Tiago Maritan Ugulino De Araújo. 2023. Crowdsourcing in the prioritization of accessibility and usability criteria for autism. In Proceedings of the XI Latin American Conference on Human Computer Interaction. 1–7.
Yuska Paola Costa, Anaïs Godde, Maëla Trémaud, Taciana Pontual, Thomas Arciszewski, Carole Tardif, and Edith Marie Galy. 2022. A Survey on Accessibility Guidelines for Users with Autism: A Broad Understanding of the Relevance and Completeness. In Proceedings of the 21st Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Diamantina, Brazil) (IHC ’22). ACM, New York, NY, USA.
Antonina Dattolo and Flaminia L Luccio. 2017. Accessible and usablewebsites and mobile applications for people with autism spectrum disorders: a comparative study. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Ambient Systems 4, 13 (5 2017). DOI: 10.4108/eai.17-5-2017.152549
Antonina Dattolo and Flaminia L Luccio. 2017. A review of websites and mobile applications for people with autism spectrum disorders: Towards shared guidelines. In Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good: Second International Conference, GOODTECHS 2016, Venice, Italy, November 30–December 1, 2016, Proceedings 2. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 264–273.
Claudia De Los Rios Perez, David A. McMeekin, Marita Falkmer, and Tele Tan. 2017. Holistic Approach for Sustainable Adaptable User Interfaces for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion (Perth, Australia) (WWW ’17 Companion). Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE, 1553–1556.
Andiara Cristina de Souza, Priscila Benitez, and João dos Santos Carmo. 2021. Diretrizes de acessibilidade de interfaces digitais para pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Revista Educação Especial 34 (2021), 1–21.
Sukru Eraslan, Victoria Yaneva, Yeliz Yesilada, and Simon Harper. 2017. Do Web Users with Autism Experience Barriers When Searching for Information Within Web Pages?. In Proceedings of the 14th International Web for All Conference (Perth, Western Australia, Australia) (W4A ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 20, 4 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3058555.3058566
Sukru Eraslan, Victoria Yaneva, Yeliz Yesilada, and Simon Harper. 2019.Web Users with Autism: Eye Tracking Evidence for Differences. Behaviour & Information Technology 38, 7 (2019), 678–700. DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2018.1551933
S. Eraslan, Y. Yesilada, V. Yaneva, et al. 2021. "Keep it simple!": an eye-tracking study for exploring complexity and distinguishability of web pages for people with autism. Univ Access Inf Soc 20 (2021), 69–84. DOI: 10.1007/s10209-020-00708-9
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022. Screening and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. [link]. Accessed: 2023-11-24.
Paul Francis, Sandrine Balbo, and Lucy Firth. 2009. Towards Co-Design with Users Who Have Autism Spectrum Disorders. Universal Access in the Information Society 8 (2009), 123–135. DOI: 10.1007/s10209-008-0143-y
Mark G Friedman and Diane Nelson Bryen. 2007. Web accessibility design recommendations for people with cognitive disabilities. Technology and disability 19, 4 (2007), 205–212.
Dayanne Gomes, Nathasha Pinto, Aurea Melo, Ivana Maia, Anselmo Paiva, Raimundo Barreto, Davi Viana, and Luis Rivero. 2021. Developing a Set of Design Patterns Specific for the Design of User Interfaces for Autistic Users. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Virtual Event, Brazil) (IHC ’21). ACM, New York, NY, USA.
Irene Gomes. 2023. Pessoas com deficiência têm menor acesso à educação, ao trabalho e à renda. Agência de Notícias do IBGE (07 07 2023). [link]
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Working Group. 2024. Cognitive Accessibility Roadmap and Gap Analysis - Autism. [link]. Accessed: 2024-07-14.
Francesca G Happé, Hassan Mansour, Pippa Barrett, Tony Brown, Patricia Abbott, and Rebecca A Charlton. 2016. Demographic and cognitive profile of individuals seeking a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in adulthood. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 46 (2016), 3469–3480.
Daniela Francescutti Martins Hott, Georgete Medleg Rodrigues, and Lais Pereira de Oliveira. 2018. Acesso e acessibilidade em ambientes web para pessoas com deficiência: avanços e limites. (2018).
Patricia Howlin and Philippa Moss. 2012. Adults with autism spectrum disorders. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 57, 5 (2012), 275–283.
Kay Kender and Katta Spiel. 2023. Banal Autistic Social Media: A Found Footage Autoethnography. In Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. 1–7.
Barbara a. Kitchenham, David Budgen, and O. Pearl Brereton. 2011. Using mapping studies as the basis for further research – A participant-observer case study. Information and Software Technology 53, 6 (jun 2011), 638–651. DOI: 10.1016/j.infsof.2010.12.011
Philip Kortum and Mary Sorber. 2015. Measuring the usability of mobile applications for phones and tablets. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 31, 8 (2015), 518–529.
Andrejs Kostromins and Raivis Baltmanis. 2014. Specific mobile web usability aspects comparing to web usability. Baltic Journal of Modern Computing 2, 3 (2014), 171.
Daehyoung Lee, Georgia Frey, Alison Cheng, and Patrick C. Shih. 2018. Puzzle Walk: A Gamified Mobile App to Increase Physical Activity in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In 2018 10th International Conference on VirtualWorlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games). IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 1–4. DOI: 10.1109/VS-Games.2018.8493439
Oludamilare Matthews, Sukru Eraslan, Victoria Yaneva, Alan Davies, Yeliz Yesilada, Markel Vigo, and Simon Harper. 2019. Combining Trending Scan Paths with Arousal to Model Visual Behaviour on the Web: A Case Study of Neurotypical People vs People with Autism. In 27th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (Larnaca, Cyprus) (UMAP ’19). ACM, New York, NY, USA.
Eleni Michailidou, Simon Harper, and Sean Bechhofer. 2008. Visual Complexity and Aesthetic Perception of Web Pages. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual ACM International Conference on Design of Communication. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 215–224. DOI: 10.1145/1456536.1456581
Department of Health. 2010. Making written information easier to understand for people with learning disabilities: guidance for people who commission or produce Easy Read information. Department of Health, London, UK.
World Health Organization et al. 2013. Autism spectrum disorders & other developmental disorders: From raising awareness to building capacity.
Kai Petersen, Sairam Vakkalanka, and Ludwik Kuzniarz. 2015. Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update. Information and software technology 64 (2015), 1–18.
Lumpapun Punchoojit, Nuttanont Hongwarittorrn, et al. 2017. Usability studies on mobile user interface design patterns: a systematic literature review. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2017 (2017).
DoraMRaymaker, Steven K Kapp, Katherine E McDonald, MichaelWeiner, Elesia Ashkenazy, and Christina Nicolaidis. 2019. Development of the AASPIRE web accessibility guidelines for autistic web users. Autism in Adulthood 1, 2 (2019), 146–157.
Mortaza Rezae, Nigel Chen, David McMeekin, Tele Tan, Aneesh Krishna, and Hoe Lee. 2020. The Evaluation of a Mobile User Interface for People on the Autism Spectrum: An Eye Movement Study. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 142 (2020), 102462. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102462
Lisiane Corrêa Gomes Silveira, Jaison Marques Luiz, Lisandra Xavier Guterres, Luís Fernando da Silva Mendes, and Luis Otoni Meireles Ribeiro. 2020. Tecnologias Assistivas no contexto da acessibilidade e mobilidade: possibilidades de inclusão digital de autistas na educação a distância. EmRede-Revista de Educação a Distância 7, 2 (2020), 61–73.
John Sweller. 2011. CHAPTER TWO - Cognitive Load Theory. In Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Jose P. Mestre and Brian H. Ross (Eds.). Vol. 55. Academic Press, 37–76. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387691-1.00002-8
John Sweller and Paul Chandler. 1994. Why Some Material Is Difficult to Learn. Cognition and Instruction 12, 3 (1994), 185–233. DOI: 10.1207/s1532690xci1203_1
Alexandra L. Uitdenbogerd, Maria Spichkova, and Mona Alzahrani. 2022. Web-based Search: How Do Animated User Interface Elements Affect Autistic and Non-Autistic Users? arXiv:2211.11993 [cs.HC]
Katherine Valencia, Cristian Rusu, Daniela Quiñones, and Erick Jamet. 2019. The impact of technology on people with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic literature review. Sensors 19, 20 (2019), 4485.
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Publicado
19/05/2025
Como Citar
RIBEIRO, Danilo Monteiro; AZUL, Celeste; NEGROMONTE, Vitor; MELO, Felipe Vasconcelos; MATIAS, Gabriel Walisson; FARIAS, Adna; CHAVES, Ana Paula; GAMA, Kiev.
A Mapping Review to Understand Web and Mobile Apps Accessibility for Adults with Autism. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO (SBSI), 21. , 2025, Recife/PE.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 349-358.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2025.246487.
