Um Framework para Análise Bidimensional de Disseminação de Informações em Plataformas de Mídias Sociais
Resumo
Social media platforms have revolutionized how people connect and share information, but they also bring challenges when it comes to information dissemination. Many studies in the literature examine this phenomenon using network models. However, they often focus on a unidimensional analysis, considering only the volume of interactions on the edges, which does not fully capture the different aspects of this phenomenon, especially concerning the speed of dissemination. In this work, we propose a framework that allows for the bidimensional analysis of information dissemination on social media platforms, taking into account both the volume and the speed of interactions. Our framework is based on backbone extraction techniques to identify the most salient edges in both dimensions and classifies the edges into different dissemination profiles, allowing a detailed analysis of the topology and community presence for each profile. We applied it to two case studies covering critical information dissemination scenarios, notably on Twitter/X and Telegram. Our results show that the proposed framework is able to uncover different patterns of information dissemination. This emphasizes the importance of considering multiple dimensions simultaneously for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
Palavras-chave:
Mídias Sociais, Disseminação de Informação, Modelagem de Rede
Referências
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Daniele Bellutta and Kathleen M Carley. 2023. Investigating coordinated account creation using burst detection and network analysis. Journal of big Data 10, 1 (2023), 20.
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Simone Castagna, Giulia Porrino, and Federico Borgonovo. 2023. The Italian pro-Russia digital ecosystem on Telegram. Cybersecurity and Law 10, 2 (2023), 299–317.
Matteo Cinelli, Stefano Cresci, Walter Quattrociocchi, Maurizio Tesconi, and Paola Zola. 2022. Coordinated inauthentic behavior and information spreading on twitter. Decision Support Systems 160 (2022), 113819.
Michele Coscia and Frank MH Neffke. 2017. Network backboning with noisy data. In 2017 IEEE 33rd international conference on data engineering (ICDE). IEEE, 425–436.
Jose Martins da Rosa, Renan Saldanha Linhares, Carlos Henrique Gomes Ferreira, Gabriel P. Nobre, Fabricio Murai, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2022. Uncovering Discussion Groups on Claims of Election Fraud from Twitter. In Proc. of Social Informatics: 13th International Conference. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-19097-1_20
Arash Dargahi Nobari, Negar Reshadatmand, and Mahmood Neshati. 2017. Analysis of Telegram, An Instant Messaging Service. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’17).
Tuğrulcan Elmas, Rebekah Overdorf, Ahmed Furkan Özkalay, and Karl Aberer. 2021. Ephemeral astroturfing attacks: The case of fake twitter trends. In 2021 IEEE European symposium on security and privacy (EuroS&P). IEEE, 403–422.
Carlos Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Ana Silva, Jussara Almeida, Martino Trevisan, Luca Vassio, Marco Mellia, and Idilio Drago. 2021. On the Dynamics of Political Discussions on Instagram: A Network Perspective. Online Social Networks and Media (2021).
Carlos H.G. Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Breno Matos, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2019. Modeling Dynamic Ideological Behavior in Political Networks. Web Science Journal 7 (2019).
Carlos Henrique Gomes Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Ana Paula Couto da Silva, Jussara Marques de Almeida, Martino Trevisan, Luca Vassio, Idilio Drago, and Marco Mellia. 2020. Unveiling Community Dynamics on Instagram Political Network. In 12th ACM Conference on Web Science.
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Fabio Giglietto, Nicola Righetti, Luca Rossi, and Giada Marino. 2020. It takes a village to manipulate the media: coordinated link sharing behavior during 2018 and 2019 Italian elections. Information, Communication & Society 23, 6 (2020), 867–891.
Carlos Henrique Gomes Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Ana P. C. Silva, Martino Trevisan, Luca Vassio, Idilio Drago, Marco Mellia, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2022. On network backbone extraction for modeling online collective behavior. PLOS ONE 17, 9 (09 2022), 1–36. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274218
Timothy Graham, Sam Hames, and Elizabeth Alpert. 2024. The coordination network toolkit: a framework for detecting and analysing coordinated behaviour on social media. Journal of Computational Social Science (2024), 1–22.
Franziska B Keller, David Schoch, Sebastian Stier, and JungHwan Yang. 2020. Political astroturfing on twitter: How to coordinate a disinformation campaign. Political communication 37, 2 (2020), 256–280.
Candice Lanius, Ryan Weber, and William I MacKenzie Jr. 2021. Use of bot and content flags to limit the spread of misinformation among social networks: a behavior and attitude survey. Social network analysis and mining 11, 1 (2021), 32.
Renan S. Linhares, José M. Rosa, Carlos H. G. Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Gabriel Nobre, and Jussara Almeida. 2022. Uncovering Coordinated Communities on Twitter During the 2020 U.S. Election. In Proc. of ASONAM.
Riccardo Marcaccioli and Giacomo Livan. 2019. A pólya urn approach to information filtering in complex networks. Nature communications 10, 1 (2019), 745.
Michele Mazza, Guglielmo Cola, and Maurizio Tesconi. 2022. Ready-to-(ab) use: From fake account trafficking to coordinated inauthentic behavior on Twitter. Online Social Networks and Media 31 (2022), 100224.
Zachary P Neal, Rachel Domagalski, and Bruce Sagan. 2021. Comparing alternatives to the fixed degree sequence model for extracting the backbone of bipartite projections. Scientific reports 11, 1 (2021), 23929.
Mark EJ Newman and Michelle Girvan. 2004. Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. Physical review E 69 (2004), 026113.
Lynnette Hui Xian Ng, Ian Kloo, Samantha Clark, and Kathleen M Carley. 2024. An exploratory analysis of COVID bot vs human disinformation dissemination stemming from the Disinformation Dozen on Telegram. Journal of Computational Social Science (2024), 1–26.
Leonardo Nizzoli, Serena Tardelli, Marco Avvenuti, Stefano Cresci, and Maurizio Tesconi. 2021. Coordinated behavior on social media in 2019 UK general election. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Vol. 15. 443–454.
Gabriel Nobre, Carlos Ferreira, and Jussara Almeida. 2020. Beyond Groups: Uncovering Dynamic Communities on the WhatsApp Network of Information Dissemination. In SocInfo’ 2020.
Gabriel Peres Nobre, Carlos H.G. Ferreira, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2022. A Hierarchical Network-Oriented Analysis of User Participation in Misinformation Spread on WhatsApp. Information Processing and Management 59, 1 (jan 2022), 21 pages. DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102757
Diogo Pacheco, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer. 2020. Unveiling Coordinated Groups Behind White Helmets Disinformation. In The Web Conference.
Diogo Pacheco, Pik-Mai Hui, Christopher Torres-Lugo, Bao Tran Truong, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer. 2021. Uncovering Coordinated Networks on Social Media: Methods and Case Studies. In International Conference on Web and Social Media.
Janina Susanne Pohl, Simon Markmann, Dennis Assenmacher, and Christian Grimme. 2023. Invasion@ Ukraine: providing and describing a twitter streaming dataset that captures the outbreak of war between Russia and Ukraine in 2022. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Vol. 17. 1093–1101.
Naman Saxena, Adwitiya Sinha, Tanishk Bansal, and Ankita Wadhwa. 2023. A statistical approach for reducing misinformation propagation on twitter social media. Information Processing & Management 60, 4 (2023), 103360.
M Ángeles Serrano, Marián Boguná, and Alessandro Vespignani. 2009. Extracting the multiscale backbone of complex weighted networks. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences 106, 16 (2009), 6483–6488.
Karishma Sharma, Yizhou Zhang, Emilio Ferrara, and Yan Liu. 2021. Identifying coordinated accounts on social media through hidden influence and group behaviours. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining. 1441–1451.
Stavros Souravlas, Angelo Sifaleras, Maria Tsintogianni, and Stefanos Katsavounis. 2021. A classification of community detection methods in social networks: a survey. International Journal of General Systems 50, 1 (2021), 63–91.
Serena Tardelli, Leonardo Nizzoli, Maurizio Tesconi, Mauro Conti, Preslav Nakov, Giovanni Da San Martino, and Stefano Cresci. 2024. Temporal dynamics of coordinated online behavior: Stability, archetypes, and influence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, 20 (2024), e2307038121.
MS Ulizko, AA Artamonov, RR Tukumbetova, EV Antonov, and MI Vasilev. 2022. Critical Paths of Information Dissemination in Networks. Scientific Visualization 14, 2 (2022), 98–107.
Aleksandra Urman and Stefan Katz. 2020. What they do in the shadows: examining the far-right networks on Telegram. Information, Communication & Society (2020), 1–20.
Luis Vargas, Patrick Emami, and Patrick Traynor. 2020. On the Detection of Disinformation Campaign Activity with Network Analysis. In ACM Cloud Computing Security Workshop. 133–146.
Deepika Varshney and Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma. 2021. A review on rumour prediction and veracity assessment in online social network. Expert Systems with Applications 168 (2021), 114208.
Otavio R Venâncio, Carlos HG Ferreira, Jussara M Almeida, and Ana Paula C da Silva. 2024. Unraveling User Coordination on Telegram: A Comprehensive Analysis of Political Mobilization during the 2022 Brazilian Presidential Election. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Vol. 18. 1545–1556.
Derek Weber and Frank Neumann. 2020. Who’s in the gang? Revealing coordinating communities in social media. In 2020 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE, 89–93.
Derek Weber and Frank Neumann. 2021. Amplifying influence through coordinated behaviour in social networks. Social Network Analysis and Mining 11, 1 (2021), 111.
Albert-László Barabási. 2013. Network science. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, 1987 (2013), 20120375.
Carlos Barbosa, Lucas Félix, Vinícius Vieira, and Carolina Xavier. 2019. Sara - A Semi-Automatic Framework for Social Network Analysis. In Anais Estendidos do XXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web.
Daniele Bellutta and Kathleen M Carley. 2023. Investigating coordinated account creation using burst detection and network analysis. Journal of big Data 10, 1 (2023), 20.
Vincent D Blondel, Jean-Loup Guillaume, Renaud Lambiotte, and Etienne Lefebvre. 2008. Fast unfolding of comm. in large networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2008, 10 (oct 2008), P10008. DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/P10008
Simone Castagna, Giulia Porrino, and Federico Borgonovo. 2023. The Italian pro-Russia digital ecosystem on Telegram. Cybersecurity and Law 10, 2 (2023), 299–317.
Matteo Cinelli, Stefano Cresci, Walter Quattrociocchi, Maurizio Tesconi, and Paola Zola. 2022. Coordinated inauthentic behavior and information spreading on twitter. Decision Support Systems 160 (2022), 113819.
Michele Coscia and Frank MH Neffke. 2017. Network backboning with noisy data. In 2017 IEEE 33rd international conference on data engineering (ICDE). IEEE, 425–436.
Jose Martins da Rosa, Renan Saldanha Linhares, Carlos Henrique Gomes Ferreira, Gabriel P. Nobre, Fabricio Murai, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2022. Uncovering Discussion Groups on Claims of Election Fraud from Twitter. In Proc. of Social Informatics: 13th International Conference. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-19097-1_20
Arash Dargahi Nobari, Negar Reshadatmand, and Mahmood Neshati. 2017. Analysis of Telegram, An Instant Messaging Service. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’17).
Tuğrulcan Elmas, Rebekah Overdorf, Ahmed Furkan Özkalay, and Karl Aberer. 2021. Ephemeral astroturfing attacks: The case of fake twitter trends. In 2021 IEEE European symposium on security and privacy (EuroS&P). IEEE, 403–422.
Carlos Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Ana Silva, Jussara Almeida, Martino Trevisan, Luca Vassio, Marco Mellia, and Idilio Drago. 2021. On the Dynamics of Political Discussions on Instagram: A Network Perspective. Online Social Networks and Media (2021).
Carlos H.G. Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Breno Matos, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2019. Modeling Dynamic Ideological Behavior in Political Networks. Web Science Journal 7 (2019).
Carlos Henrique Gomes Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Ana Paula Couto da Silva, Jussara Marques de Almeida, Martino Trevisan, Luca Vassio, Idilio Drago, and Marco Mellia. 2020. Unveiling Community Dynamics on Instagram Political Network. In 12th ACM Conference on Web Science.
Luis Guilherme G. Da Fonseca, Carlos Henrique Gomes Ferreira, and Julio Cesar Soares Dos Reis. 2024. The Role of News Source Certification in Shaping Tweet Content: Textual and Dissemination Patterns in Brazil’s 2022 Elections. In Proceedings of the 20th Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems. 1–10.
Fabio Giglietto, Nicola Righetti, Luca Rossi, and Giada Marino. 2020. It takes a village to manipulate the media: coordinated link sharing behavior during 2018 and 2019 Italian elections. Information, Communication & Society 23, 6 (2020), 867–891.
Carlos Henrique Gomes Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Ana P. C. Silva, Martino Trevisan, Luca Vassio, Idilio Drago, Marco Mellia, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2022. On network backbone extraction for modeling online collective behavior. PLOS ONE 17, 9 (09 2022), 1–36. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274218
Timothy Graham, Sam Hames, and Elizabeth Alpert. 2024. The coordination network toolkit: a framework for detecting and analysing coordinated behaviour on social media. Journal of Computational Social Science (2024), 1–22.
Franziska B Keller, David Schoch, Sebastian Stier, and JungHwan Yang. 2020. Political astroturfing on twitter: How to coordinate a disinformation campaign. Political communication 37, 2 (2020), 256–280.
Candice Lanius, Ryan Weber, and William I MacKenzie Jr. 2021. Use of bot and content flags to limit the spread of misinformation among social networks: a behavior and attitude survey. Social network analysis and mining 11, 1 (2021), 32.
Renan S. Linhares, José M. Rosa, Carlos H. G. Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Gabriel Nobre, and Jussara Almeida. 2022. Uncovering Coordinated Communities on Twitter During the 2020 U.S. Election. In Proc. of ASONAM.
Riccardo Marcaccioli and Giacomo Livan. 2019. A pólya urn approach to information filtering in complex networks. Nature communications 10, 1 (2019), 745.
Michele Mazza, Guglielmo Cola, and Maurizio Tesconi. 2022. Ready-to-(ab) use: From fake account trafficking to coordinated inauthentic behavior on Twitter. Online Social Networks and Media 31 (2022), 100224.
Zachary P Neal, Rachel Domagalski, and Bruce Sagan. 2021. Comparing alternatives to the fixed degree sequence model for extracting the backbone of bipartite projections. Scientific reports 11, 1 (2021), 23929.
Mark EJ Newman and Michelle Girvan. 2004. Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. Physical review E 69 (2004), 026113.
Lynnette Hui Xian Ng, Ian Kloo, Samantha Clark, and Kathleen M Carley. 2024. An exploratory analysis of COVID bot vs human disinformation dissemination stemming from the Disinformation Dozen on Telegram. Journal of Computational Social Science (2024), 1–26.
Leonardo Nizzoli, Serena Tardelli, Marco Avvenuti, Stefano Cresci, and Maurizio Tesconi. 2021. Coordinated behavior on social media in 2019 UK general election. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Vol. 15. 443–454.
Gabriel Nobre, Carlos Ferreira, and Jussara Almeida. 2020. Beyond Groups: Uncovering Dynamic Communities on the WhatsApp Network of Information Dissemination. In SocInfo’ 2020.
Gabriel Peres Nobre, Carlos H.G. Ferreira, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2022. A Hierarchical Network-Oriented Analysis of User Participation in Misinformation Spread on WhatsApp. Information Processing and Management 59, 1 (jan 2022), 21 pages. DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102757
Diogo Pacheco, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer. 2020. Unveiling Coordinated Groups Behind White Helmets Disinformation. In The Web Conference.
Diogo Pacheco, Pik-Mai Hui, Christopher Torres-Lugo, Bao Tran Truong, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer. 2021. Uncovering Coordinated Networks on Social Media: Methods and Case Studies. In International Conference on Web and Social Media.
Janina Susanne Pohl, Simon Markmann, Dennis Assenmacher, and Christian Grimme. 2023. Invasion@ Ukraine: providing and describing a twitter streaming dataset that captures the outbreak of war between Russia and Ukraine in 2022. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Vol. 17. 1093–1101.
Naman Saxena, Adwitiya Sinha, Tanishk Bansal, and Ankita Wadhwa. 2023. A statistical approach for reducing misinformation propagation on twitter social media. Information Processing & Management 60, 4 (2023), 103360.
M Ángeles Serrano, Marián Boguná, and Alessandro Vespignani. 2009. Extracting the multiscale backbone of complex weighted networks. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences 106, 16 (2009), 6483–6488.
Karishma Sharma, Yizhou Zhang, Emilio Ferrara, and Yan Liu. 2021. Identifying coordinated accounts on social media through hidden influence and group behaviours. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining. 1441–1451.
Stavros Souravlas, Angelo Sifaleras, Maria Tsintogianni, and Stefanos Katsavounis. 2021. A classification of community detection methods in social networks: a survey. International Journal of General Systems 50, 1 (2021), 63–91.
Serena Tardelli, Leonardo Nizzoli, Maurizio Tesconi, Mauro Conti, Preslav Nakov, Giovanni Da San Martino, and Stefano Cresci. 2024. Temporal dynamics of coordinated online behavior: Stability, archetypes, and influence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, 20 (2024), e2307038121.
MS Ulizko, AA Artamonov, RR Tukumbetova, EV Antonov, and MI Vasilev. 2022. Critical Paths of Information Dissemination in Networks. Scientific Visualization 14, 2 (2022), 98–107.
Aleksandra Urman and Stefan Katz. 2020. What they do in the shadows: examining the far-right networks on Telegram. Information, Communication & Society (2020), 1–20.
Luis Vargas, Patrick Emami, and Patrick Traynor. 2020. On the Detection of Disinformation Campaign Activity with Network Analysis. In ACM Cloud Computing Security Workshop. 133–146.
Deepika Varshney and Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma. 2021. A review on rumour prediction and veracity assessment in online social network. Expert Systems with Applications 168 (2021), 114208.
Otavio R Venâncio, Carlos HG Ferreira, Jussara M Almeida, and Ana Paula C da Silva. 2024. Unraveling User Coordination on Telegram: A Comprehensive Analysis of Political Mobilization during the 2022 Brazilian Presidential Election. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Vol. 18. 1545–1556.
Derek Weber and Frank Neumann. 2020. Who’s in the gang? Revealing coordinating communities in social media. In 2020 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE, 89–93.
Derek Weber and Frank Neumann. 2021. Amplifying influence through coordinated behaviour in social networks. Social Network Analysis and Mining 11, 1 (2021), 111.
Publicado
14/10/2024
Como Citar
OLIVEIRA, Geovana S.; VENÂNCIO, Otávio; VIEIRA, Vinícius; ALMEIDA, Jussara; SILVA, Ana P. C.; FERREIRA, Ronan; FERREIRA, Carlos H. G..
Um Framework para Análise Bidimensional de Disseminação de Informações em Plataformas de Mídias Sociais. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIMEDIA AND THE WEB (WEBMEDIA), 30. , 2024, Juiz de Fora/MG.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 301-309.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia.2024.241957.
