Entre o Acesso e a Proteção - Um Estudo sobre Verificação de Idade e Segurança Infantil em Plataformas Digitais
Resumo
Given the ease of unsupervised access and growing risks for minors online, safeguarding children’s digital rights is increasingly urgent. As personal data becomes a major economic asset, governments are enforcing stricter age verification rules. This study examines age verification designs on the most-used social media platforms by Brazilian children and adolescents. In the first phase, we created test accounts and analyzed the terms of use on YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, and WhatsApp. In the second, we analyzed responses to a public consultation by the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee to identify concerns related to this topic. Findings show that platforms in Brazil mirror those in the EU, with easily bypassed age checks. The results call for a redesign of current mechanisms to ensure safer, more ethical digital experiences for children.
Palavras-chave:
plataformas digitais, redes sociais, verificação de idade, regulação
Referências
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Cliona Curley. 2020. 2020 Technical Report: A Review of Age Verification Mechanism for 10 Social Media Apps. Technical Report. CyberSafeIreland. Relatório técnico.
Leander Cordeiro de Oliveira, Marília Abrahão Amaral, Silvia Amélia Bim, George Valença, Leonelo Dell Anhol Almeida, Luciana Cardoso de Castro Salgado, Isabela Gasparini, and Claudia Bordin Rodrigues da Silva. 2024. GranDIHC-BR 2025-2035-GC3: Plurality and Decoloniality in HCI. In Proceedings of the XXIII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–19.
Fatmaelzahraa Eltaher, Rahul Gajula, Luis Miralles-Pechuán, Christina Thorpe, and Susan McKeever. 2025. The Digital Loophole: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Child Age Verification Methods on Social Media. (2025).
Abdul Faraz et al. 2022. Child Safety and Protection in the Online Gaming Ecosystem. IEEE Access 10 (2022), 115895–115913.
Rys Farthing et al. 2021. Age Appropriate Digital Services for Young People: Major Reforms. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 10, 4 (July 2021), 40–48.
Pedro Hartung. 2020. The children’s rights-by-design standard for data use by tech companies. Unicef Good Governance of Children’s Data Project. Available online: [link] (accessed on 12 September 2022) (2020).
Uwe Hasebrink, Sonia Livingstone, Leslie Haddon, and Kjartan Ólafsson. 2009. Comparing children’s online opportunities and risks across Europe: Cross-national comparisons for EU Kids Online. Technical Report. LSE, London: EU Kids Online (Deliverable D3.2, 2nd edition).
Charles Hymas. 2024. Social media firms to be forced to ‘drive out’ under-age users. [link] Accessed: 2025-01-08.
Catherine Jarvie and Karen Renaud. 2024. Online Age Verification: Government Legislation, Supplier Responsibilization, and Public Perceptions. Children 11, 9 (Aug. 2024), 1068.
Andreas M. Kaplan and Michael Haenlein. 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons 53, 1 (Jan. 2010), 59–68.
Simon Kemp. 2025. Digital 2025: Global Overview Report. [link]. Acesso em: jul. 2025.
Pedro Laterça. 2022. Privacidade e Proteção de Dados de Crianças e Adolescentes. Obliq Press, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
Sonia Livingstone and Mariya Stoilova. 2021. The 4Cs: Classifying Online Risk to Children. Technical Report. CO:RE Short Report Series on Key Topics. 14 pages.
Sonia Livingstone and Kim R Sylwander. 2025. There is no right age! The search for age-appropriate ways to support children’s digital lives and rights. Journal of Children and Media 19, 1 (2025), 6–12.
G. Lopes and H. T. Marques-Neto. 2024. Crianças e Propagandas no TikTok: identificando publicidade infantil na rede social TikTok. 98–105. 14 October 2024.
Giovanna Mascheroni. 2020. Datafied childhoods: Contextualising datafication in everyday life. Current Sociology 68, 6 (Oct. 2020), 798–813.
E.W. T. Ngai, S. S. C. Tao, and K. K. L. Moon. 2015. Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks. International Journal of Information Management 35, 1 (Feb. 2015), 33–44.
Liliana Pasquale, Paola Zippo, Cliona Curley, Brian O’Neill, and Marina Mongiello. 2022. Digital Age of Consent and Age Verification: Can They Protect Children? IEEE Software 39, 3 (May 2022), 50–57.
S. Paulo. 2024. TIC Kids Online Brasil 2024: principais resultados. [link]. [s.d.].
PCW. 2019. Kids Digital Media Report 2019. Relatório de maio de 2019.
Robert Slonje, Peter K. Smith, and Ann Frisén. 2013. The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior 29, 1 (Jan. 2013), 26–32.
Elisabeth Staksrud and Sonia Livingstone. 2009. Children and Online Risk: Powerless Victims or Resourceful Participants? Information, Communication & Society 12, 3 (April 2009), 364–387.
Caroline Stockman and Emma Nottingham. 2024. Dark patterns of cuteness: Popular learning app design as a risk to children’s autonomy. In Children, Young People and Online Harms: Conceptualisations, Experiences and Responses. Springer, 113–137.
Nathalia Albuquerque, George Valença, and Taciana Pontual Falcão. 2024. Investigating Manipulative Design on Social Media Platforms-the Case of Kidinfluencers. Journal on Interactive Systems 15, 1 (2024), 860–874.
CGI.br. [n. d.]. Diálogos CGI.br. [link]
R. R. Coelho and J. de Oliveira. 2021. How Twitter has been used for share pedophilia content in 2020. In Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web. 27 September 2021.
Cliona Curley. 2020. 2020 Technical Report: A Review of Age Verification Mechanism for 10 Social Media Apps. Technical Report. CyberSafeIreland. Relatório técnico.
Leander Cordeiro de Oliveira, Marília Abrahão Amaral, Silvia Amélia Bim, George Valença, Leonelo Dell Anhol Almeida, Luciana Cardoso de Castro Salgado, Isabela Gasparini, and Claudia Bordin Rodrigues da Silva. 2024. GranDIHC-BR 2025-2035-GC3: Plurality and Decoloniality in HCI. In Proceedings of the XXIII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–19.
Fatmaelzahraa Eltaher, Rahul Gajula, Luis Miralles-Pechuán, Christina Thorpe, and Susan McKeever. 2025. The Digital Loophole: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Child Age Verification Methods on Social Media. (2025).
Abdul Faraz et al. 2022. Child Safety and Protection in the Online Gaming Ecosystem. IEEE Access 10 (2022), 115895–115913.
Rys Farthing et al. 2021. Age Appropriate Digital Services for Young People: Major Reforms. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 10, 4 (July 2021), 40–48.
Pedro Hartung. 2020. The children’s rights-by-design standard for data use by tech companies. Unicef Good Governance of Children’s Data Project. Available online: [link] (accessed on 12 September 2022) (2020).
Uwe Hasebrink, Sonia Livingstone, Leslie Haddon, and Kjartan Ólafsson. 2009. Comparing children’s online opportunities and risks across Europe: Cross-national comparisons for EU Kids Online. Technical Report. LSE, London: EU Kids Online (Deliverable D3.2, 2nd edition).
Charles Hymas. 2024. Social media firms to be forced to ‘drive out’ under-age users. [link] Accessed: 2025-01-08.
Catherine Jarvie and Karen Renaud. 2024. Online Age Verification: Government Legislation, Supplier Responsibilization, and Public Perceptions. Children 11, 9 (Aug. 2024), 1068.
Andreas M. Kaplan and Michael Haenlein. 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons 53, 1 (Jan. 2010), 59–68.
Simon Kemp. 2025. Digital 2025: Global Overview Report. [link]. Acesso em: jul. 2025.
Pedro Laterça. 2022. Privacidade e Proteção de Dados de Crianças e Adolescentes. Obliq Press, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
Sonia Livingstone and Mariya Stoilova. 2021. The 4Cs: Classifying Online Risk to Children. Technical Report. CO:RE Short Report Series on Key Topics. 14 pages.
Sonia Livingstone and Kim R Sylwander. 2025. There is no right age! The search for age-appropriate ways to support children’s digital lives and rights. Journal of Children and Media 19, 1 (2025), 6–12.
G. Lopes and H. T. Marques-Neto. 2024. Crianças e Propagandas no TikTok: identificando publicidade infantil na rede social TikTok. 98–105. 14 October 2024.
Giovanna Mascheroni. 2020. Datafied childhoods: Contextualising datafication in everyday life. Current Sociology 68, 6 (Oct. 2020), 798–813.
E.W. T. Ngai, S. S. C. Tao, and K. K. L. Moon. 2015. Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks. International Journal of Information Management 35, 1 (Feb. 2015), 33–44.
Liliana Pasquale, Paola Zippo, Cliona Curley, Brian O’Neill, and Marina Mongiello. 2022. Digital Age of Consent and Age Verification: Can They Protect Children? IEEE Software 39, 3 (May 2022), 50–57.
S. Paulo. 2024. TIC Kids Online Brasil 2024: principais resultados. [link]. [s.d.].
PCW. 2019. Kids Digital Media Report 2019. Relatório de maio de 2019.
Robert Slonje, Peter K. Smith, and Ann Frisén. 2013. The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior 29, 1 (Jan. 2013), 26–32.
Elisabeth Staksrud and Sonia Livingstone. 2009. Children and Online Risk: Powerless Victims or Resourceful Participants? Information, Communication & Society 12, 3 (April 2009), 364–387.
Caroline Stockman and Emma Nottingham. 2024. Dark patterns of cuteness: Popular learning app design as a risk to children’s autonomy. In Children, Young People and Online Harms: Conceptualisations, Experiences and Responses. Springer, 113–137.
Publicado
10/11/2025
Como Citar
THEODORO, André de Andrade; VALENÇA, George.
Entre o Acesso e a Proteção - Um Estudo sobre Verificação de Idade e Segurança Infantil em Plataformas Digitais. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIMEDIA AND THE WEB (WEBMEDIA), 31. , 2025, Rio de Janeiro/RJ.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 211-219.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia.2025.16050.
